scholarly journals Features of meridional separable visual acuity changes in amblyopia treatment by accommodation training method in patients with astigmatism

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1(97)) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
V. Kolomiyets ◽  
O. Kachan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Optical Glasses

Objective. To investigate the influence of the optic-reflex method of accommodation training on the indices of the meridional separable visual acuity in the treatment of children with amblyopia and astigmatism. Material and methods. 24 children aged 5 to 12 years with refractive amblyopia and direct hyperopic astigmatism were examined. Accommodation training was performed by defocusing the image with optical glasses of variable optical power. The course of treatment lasted 10 days. Results. In the group with meridional amblyopia, 2 different clusters were identified: in one of them, the indicators of separable visual acuity were higher in the horizontal meridian and in the other - in the vertical. After treatment, the number of eyes with the same meridional visual acuity increased. Simultaneously with the elimination of the meridional asymmetry of visual acuity, the number of eyes in the category of patients with visual acuity of 0.75-0.8 according to the Sivtsev table increased by 8.52%. Conclusion. In the standard of assessment of visual functions in patients with astigmatism and amblyopia, it is necessary to introduce methods for determining the meridional visual acuity. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of meridional amblyopia should be carried out in homogeneous clusters, which take into account the coincidence or discrepancy of the directions of meridional asymmetries of visual acuity with refractive. Preliminary data on the effectiveness of treatment of amblyopia by the method of accommodation training allows us to consider it as a method of treatment of meridional amblyopia.

scholarly journals Visual Functions in Children in Remote Postoperative Period after Laser Treatment of Threshold Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2S) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
M. V. Pshenichnov ◽  
O. V. Kolenko ◽  
V. V. Egorov ◽  
E. L. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Laser Coagulation ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
High Degree

Purpose.Analysis of visual functions in children in remote postoperative period after laser coagulation (LC) of threshold stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Patients and methods. In 2017, we selected and investigated 18 children, who previously had an LC of threshold stages of ROP in 2008–2009 in the Khabarovsk branch of the S.N. Fyodorov State Institution Eye Microsurgery Complex (continuous sampling method). There were 5 boys and 13 girls aged from 8 to 9 years at the time of LC. Anterior and posterior eye segments of the eyes (biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy), visual acuity, clinical refraction, concomitant pathology were evaluated.Results. We have revealed that regressive ROP after LC is characterized by the presence of serious anatomical and functional changes in the eyes. First, these are refractive disorders, which revealed in 90.5% of cases. Most often revealed: myopic refraction — 61% of all cases, of which more than half (53%) is its high degree; or its combination with compound myopic astigmatism (77% eyes); anisometropia was detected in 39% children. These refractive disorders led to the development of strabismus (61% children) and mixed amblyopia (60%). Despite the combined ophthalmologic pathology, 17% children developed visual functions with achievement of binocular vision, in most children visual functions still continue to develop, although they are not high due to amblyopia. High visual acuity (from 0.8 and above) in both eyes was formed in 22% children; visual acuity in the range of 0.5–0.7 in both eyes was formed in 17% children. Unfortunately, 44.5% children at the time of examination had low visual functions (in the range of 0.05–0.4) in both eyes. Extremely low visual acuity (from 0.01 to 0.04) in both eyes was identified in 11% children; absolute blindness in one of the eyes was in 11% children.Conclusions. LC is reliable way to prevent vision loss from retinal detachment in children with threshold stages of ROP. 

scholarly journals Plasma Choline Concentration Is Positively Correlated with Visual Acuity in 18-Month Old Toddlers: Preliminary Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1045-1045
Author(s):  
Sarah Montgomery ◽  
Larissa Rossen ◽  
Deborah Zibrik ◽  
Roger Dyer ◽  
Tim Oberlander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Acuity Test

Abstract Objectives Adequate dietary intake of key nutrients is critical for brain and eye development in the first 1000 days of life. In particular, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lutein are known for their roles in the development of visual acuity during infancy and early childhood. Preliminary data suggest that choline may also play a role in visual acuity; however, little is known about choline's role in visual acuity during toddlerhood. We hypothesize thatbiomarkers for DHA, choline, and lutein status are positively correlated with visual acuity in toddler-aged children. Methods We studied cross-sectional baseline data from participants aged 18 months ± 2 weeks enrolled in a partially randomized controlled trial investigating associations between feeding patterns, nutrient biomarker status, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Participants were recruited in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Visual acuity was measured using the Cardiff Acuity test with the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) as the measure of visual acuity. The child's confidence in test completion was rated using a 5-point Likert scale; test results with confidence scores below 3 were excluded from further analyses. Results Sixty-nine toddlers, with preliminary data available at the time of analysis, had an equal distribution of males and females, 68% were the first-born child, and 55%, 19%, and 26% were of European, Chinese or other ethnicity, respectively. Preliminary (unadjusted) findings showed a positive correlation between plasma choline and visual acuity (rho = 0.33, P < 0.05). No significant correlations were observed between visual acuity and DHA concentration (as a percentage of total fatty acids from red blood cells) nor between visual acuity and plasma lutein concentration. Conclusions Plasma choline may be positively associated with visual acuity at 18 months of age. These preliminary findings require confirmation in a larger sample size and testing of the causality of this relationship in a dose-dependency trial. Acknowledgment: We are grateful for Dr. Margaret Woodhouse's guidance in the methodology of the Cardiff Acuity test. Funding Sources This study is supported by The University of British Columbia, and the British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute and is funded by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.

scholarly journals Predation selects for smaller eye size in a vertebrate: effects of environmental conditions and sex

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1897) ◽  
pp. 20182625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Svanbäck ◽  
Frank Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Resource Levels

Increased eye size in animals results in a larger retinal image and thus improves visual acuity. Thus, larger eyes should aid both in finding food as well as detecting predators. On the other hand, eyes are usually very conspicuous and several studies have suggested that eye size is associated with predation risk. However, experimental evidence is scant. In this study, we address how predation affects variation in eye size by performing two experiments using Eurasian perch juveniles as prey and either larger perch or pike as predators. First, we used large outdoor tanks to compare selection due to predators on relative eye size in open and artificial vegetated habitats. Second, we studied the effects of both predation risk and resource levels on phenotypic plasticity in relative eye size in indoor aquaria experiments. In the first experiment, we found that habitat altered selection due to predators, since predators selected for smaller eye size in a non-vegetated habitat, but not in a vegetated habitat. In the plasticity experiment, we found that fish predators induced smaller eye size in males, but not in females, while resource levels had no effect on eye size plasticity. Our experiments provide evidence that predation risk could be one of the driving factors behind variation in eye size within species.

scholarly journals Rubeola keratitis emergence during a recent measles outbreak in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Aaron P.C. Ong ◽  
Adam Watson ◽  
Shanu Subbiah
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Corneal Perforation ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Baseline Visual Acuity

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONMeasles is a highly contagious disease caused by the rubeola virus. It can result in ocular complications such as conjunctivitis and keratitis, which will be encountered in general practice. Cases usually resolve without sequelae, but may progress to corneal perforation if left untreated. AIMWe present two cases of rubeola keratitis secondary to measles infection. METHODSThis report is about a retrospective review of data from two patients who presented to the eye department with rubeola keratitis in the midst of the recent measles outbreak in New Zealand. RESULTSBoth patients presented with decreased visual acuity approximately 2 weeks after being diagnosed with measles. One of them was unvaccinated, whereas the other had no documentation of previous vaccination. Both were healthy and immunocompetent individuals. There was no evidence of corneal perforation or retinopathy on examination. Both patients regained their baseline visual acuity after treatment with fluorometholone eye drops. DISCUSSIONDespite the existence of a safe and effective vaccine, there were more than 2000 cases of measles in the recent outbreak in New Zealand. The lack of vaccination is one of the primary causes of rubeola keratitis. These cases highlight the effects of measles infection from an ophthalmology perspective and reinforce the paramount importance of getting vaccinated.

scholarly journals The evolution of visual acuity test methods

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Abdul-Gamid Aliev ◽  
Musa Nurudinov ◽  
M. Alieva
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Visual Acuity Test ◽  
Acuity Test

This review presents a historical analysis of the develop¬ment of visual acuity research methods, examines in detail the principles of construction of optotypes and charts for visual acuity examination as well as describes the advantag¬es and disadvantages of modern eye charts. Such attention to this topic is justified by the fact that visual acuity is the main parameter characterizing the state of the eye. There¬fore, the study of visual acuity remains one of the most im¬portant methods of assessing visual functions. The generally accepted systems for visual acuity examination, despite the simplicity of their operation, do not have a sufficiently high sensitivity, and the optotypes that are used do not make it possible to adequately assess the functional state of the eye.

scholarly journals Myopia and age-related macular degeneration: structural and anatomical changes of the eye

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
I. B. Alekseev ◽  
Ju. A. Nam
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Chorioretinal Atrophy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study was to find out how age-related macular degeneration and medium-high degree myopia affect the structural and anatomical parameters of the eyeball, and to find whether a relationship exists between various types of myopic staphylomas and changes of visual functions.Material and methods. 120 patients (236 eyes), with medium and high degree myopia and age-related retinal changes, aged 44 to 81 years were tested for two groups of parameters: quantitative and qualitative. The former included the patients’ age, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), computer perimetry data, the axial length, and the thickness of the retina in the central zone. The latter included retinal changes, in particular pigment epithelium (PE) defects, drusen, PE detachment, choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV), Fuchs spot and diffuse chorioretinal atrophy. The impact of various types of staphylomas on visual functions was evaluated. Results. Visual functions were found to directly depend on retinal PE integrity. If defects, detachment, or drusen are present, computer perimetry parameters and BVCA are reducing. Fuchs spot presence and diffuse chorioretinal atrophy reduces BCVA and causes an MD decrease. The lowest visual acuity and considerable light sensitivity loss was noted in patients with combined staphylomas. Conclusion. The obtained data confirm that retinal dystrophic processes directly affect visual functions: BCVA and retinal photosensitivity levels drop in all retinal changes studied. The presence of staphyloma, being a factor that aggravates myopia, undoubtedly worsens the most of the parameters studied. 

scholarly journals Visual acuity, amplitude of accommodation and near point of convergence and academic achievement in primary school learners in Bloemfontein

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariette Nel ◽  
Stephen Hartley ◽  
Melissa Maartens ◽  
Carla Pheiffer ◽  
Monwabisi Nonkula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Grade Average

Introduction: Learning problems influencing the social and psychological development of children may result from poor visual acuity (VA), insufficient amplitude of accommodation and receded near point of convergence (NPC). This study assessed Grade 4 and 5 academic achievement (< 50%, 51-69% and ≥ 70%) in relation to visual acuity, amplitude of accommodation and NPC. The study attempts to determine the association between these visual functions and academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study included a randomised sample of learners (n = 199) selected from five public schools in Bloemfontein. Information was obtained on each participant regarding history, visual acuity (distance and near), amplitude of accommodation and NPC (subjective and objective). Participant aggregates for the most recent school term and the grade average were compared to measures of these visual functions.Results: The children’s median age was 10.3 years (with range 8.7 to 12.7 years) and 53.8% were female. More than 50% of children were Sesotho-speaking. Complaints revealed by his-tory-taking were mostly headaches (57.8%) and eyestrain (58.3%). Regarding academic achievement, 18.6% of the learners were below average, 53.8% on average and 27.6% above average. Of the learners tested, 42.2% achieved a VA of 6/6 or better on both distance and near visual acuity. Amplitude of accommodation was less than the minimum requirements in 17.6% of participants. Approximately 30% of those below grade average did not meet the minimum requirements for amplitude of accommodation, compared to 13% of learners above grade average, which was statistically significant. More than 70% had a receded break point (> 5 cm) for NPC and 85.7% had a receded recovery point (> 7 cm).Conclusion: Of the three visual functions evaluated in this study, the only visual function associated with academic achievement was amplitude of accommodation. It would thus be recommended that learners are screened for optimal visual function earlier in life if especially the amplitude of accommodation is receded.

scholarly journals Modelling the epidemic 2019-nCoV event in Italy: a preliminary note

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Claudio Traini ◽  
Carla Caponi ◽  
Giuseppe Vittorio De Socio
Keyword(s):  
Time Evolution ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Epidemiological Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preliminary Note

An analysis of the time evolution of the 2019-nCoV outbreak event in Italy is proposed and is based on the preliminary data at disposal (till March 11th, 2020) on one side, and on an epidemiological model recently used to describe the same epidemic event in the Wuhan region (February 2020) on the other side. The equations of the model include the description of compartments like Susceptible (S), exposed (E), infectious but not yet symptomatic (pre-symptomatic) (A), infectious with symptoms (I), hospitalized (H) and recovered (R). Further stratification includes quarantined susceptible (Sq), isolated exposed (Eq) and isolated infected (Iq) compartments. The equations are numerically solved for boundary (initial) conditions tuned on the Italian event. The rôle of quarantine is specifically emphasized and supports the strategies adopted providing a numerical description of the effects.

Slight Defects of Basic Visual Functions as a Risk Factor for Mental Development in Infants

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 284-284
Author(s):  
A A Nevskaya ◽  
V M Bondarko ◽  
L I Leushina ◽  
N V Turkina
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
Acuity Test

The development of the representation of the visual world in infants was investigated and age norms were established for such operations as prediction of direct movement, search for hidden objects, and discrimination and recognition of the form, size, colour, and spatial position of objects. Simultaneously, basic visual functions were assessed: binocular fixation, eye movements, visual fields, and visual acuity. More than 700 infants aged 4 – 14 months were tested. About 25% of practically healthy infants showed slight defects in some basic visual functions, constituting a ‘risk group’. Infants of the risk group performed less well than their normal age-mates in such tasks as search for a toy hidden under a cap; prediction of linear movement; or discrimination of size, form, or colour. The differences between the normal and risk groups remained when the groups were equated for developmental age. Thus even slight defects of basic visual functions in early infancy may correlate with the mental development of a child. Detailed analysis showed that reduced visual acuity (non-attention to small visual objects such as crumbs 0.5 – 1 mm in diameter in the acuity test) was especially prognostic.

Relationship between Higher Order Aberrations and Astigmatism in Hyperopic Amblyopia

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Sh. A. Mukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Higher Order Aberrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Decrease In Visual Acuity

Aim. To study the dynamics of changes in the values of higher order aberrations in amblyopia treatment and the correlation between higher-order aberrations and astigmatism in patients with hyperopic amblyopia.Methods. This cohort prospective study included 36 patients (36 eyes) with refractive amblyopia aged 4 to 16 years. All patients had anisometropia: emmetropia in one eye and hyperopic astigmatism combined with refractive amblyopia of varying degrees in the other eye. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the degree of astigmatism. Astigmatism greater than 1.5 D was detected in 20 patients (55.5%) and astigmatism less than 1.5 D was detected in 16 patients (44.5%). All patients underwent a complex treatment, including twenty half-hour sessions of videocomputer autotraining using “Amblyotron” device during 20 days, in addition to constant wearing of glasses. Higher order aberrations were measured using the WaveScan Wavefront System aberrometer at the first visit and at 3-, 6 - and 12-month follow-up. A correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between higher order aberrations and astigmatism.Results. There was a statistically significant difference in treatment success between groups with high and low astigmatism. In both groups, higher order aberrations were reduced during the treatment of amblyopia. When comparing the two groups, a significant difference in coma was found at 12-month follow-up (p = 0.043). At 12-month follow-up, coma showed a statistically significant correlation with astigmatism, and a stronger correlation with astigmatism was found in the group of patients with high astigmatism.Conclusions. In patients with refractive amblyopia associated with astigmatism, the decrease in visual acuity is directly dependent on the values of higher-order aberrations, especially on the values of coma, which should be considered as the cause of the development of amblyopia.

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