scholarly journals What proportion of the price of a typical alcoholic beverage is taxation in Canada and why does it matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Samuel Churchill ◽  
Tim Stockwell ◽  
Adam Sherk
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Major Market ◽  
Alcohol Taxation ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Canada Data ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
Made In

Introduction Canadian distillers and brewers have claimed that between 50% and 80% of the price of alcoholic drinks are government taxes. These claims were made in campaigns to decrease alcohol taxation. Methods We investigated these claims using publicly available Statistics Canada data and provincial-level product sales data and breakdowns of the prices of typical alcohol beverages in major market sectors. Results In all cases, the rate of total sales tax and excise taxation are mostly between 20% and 30% of final retail prices, well below the industry claims.

Assessing Relational E-Strategy Supporting Business Relationships

2011 ◽  
pp. 1338-1349
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Croteau ◽  
Anne Beaudry ◽  
Justin Holm
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Electronic Simulation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
Made In

As per the Census Bureau of the Department of Commerce, the estimate of U.S. retail e-commerce sales for the first quarter of 2009 was $31.7 billion. For the same period, e-commerce accounted for 3.5 percent of total sales with a value of $30.2 billion sales. As electronic business (e-business) has become essential in our economy, organizations have begun to demand a return on their investment in such endeavors (Damanpour and Damanpour, 2001). More recently, research indicates that webbased technologies enhance performance when the environmental pressures are high, the technical capabilities within the organization are well integrated, and the management team highly supports and sees value in e-business initiatives (Sanders, 2007). An extensive and diverse body of literature has been produced regarding e-business. One research angle that lacked over the years is the definition and assessment of an e-business strategy (e-strategy). Some efforts were made in evaluating e-strategy through an electronic simulation (Ha and Forgianne, 2006). Another recent research observed that human, technological and business capabilities and e-business implementation influence the business performance at various levels (Coltman, Devinney, and Midgley, 2007). However, both studies did not develop an e-strategy construct empirically tested with managers.

scholarly journals Geographic distribution of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) mortality rates in Canada, 1975-2009

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S34-S35
Author(s):  
SA Warren ◽  
W Janzen ◽  
KG Warren ◽  
LW Svenson ◽  
D Schopflocher
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Canada Data

Background: Our study examined whether there are differences in MS mortality rates across regions of Canada, which might suggest differences in environment or health care practice that influence outcome. Methods: Statistics Canada data on deaths due to MS and populations at risk, 1975-2009, were derived from the Research Data Centre, University of Alberta. Mortality rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated per 100,000 population for the Atlantic Provinces, Quebec, Ontario and Western Provinces (including Northwest Territories, Yukon, Nunavut), age-standardized to the 2006 population. Results: The average annual MS mortality rates for 1975-2009 per 100,000 population (CIs) were: Atlantic Provinces 1.09 (0.43,1.74); Quebec 1.30 (0.89,1.71); Ontario 1.08 (0.77,1.38); Western Provinces 1.39 (0.99,1.78). Female mortality rates were consistently higher than male rates but there were no differences in the female:male mortality rate ratios across regions. Trend analysis showed that rates were stable over the 35 year time span in 3 regions with non-significant average annual per cent increases/decreases of: Atlantic Provinces –0.43%; Quebec +0.12%; and Western Provinces +0.27%. Only Ontario showed a slight but significant increase of +0.81% (p<0.05). Conclusions: MS mortality rates are similar across the Canadian regions, suggesting that patients are not disadvantaged in terms of mortality by their place of residence.

scholarly journals Upaya Pencegahan Anak dari Pengaruh Minuman Keras Dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak: Tinjauan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Dudu Duswara M ◽  
Dani Durahman
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Food Law ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
The Right

The current rise in alcoholic trade, in small roadside stalls, even among them has been openly trading alcohol. This results in the ease with which people get liquor. Including the alcoholic trade which is not accompanied by knowledge of the type of alcoholic beverage itself. Many of them do not understand the type of alcohol they can drink or not. Circulation of liquor at this time has not been handled properly, due to the lack of law enforcement against liquor sellers, so that with the easy sale of liquor that is still running it results in children who participate in becoming consumers and consuming liquor so that it has a negative impact on child growth and development. The number of alcoholic parties is certainly not just happening, the ease of people getting liquor makes some people easily drink alcohol. If we look at a number of events, this alcoholic party is carried out by a group of elderly people to high school children who are only a dozen years old. This happens because people can buy liquor easily at convenience stores. The ease of access to liquor is then one of the factors supporting the many alcoholic party events in the community. Another supporting factor from the rise of alcoholic parties in the Cigending Village community is the circulation of illegal alcohol in the community. One of the behaviors of children who reach adolescence is to show their true identity to friends or the environment, with environmental behavior that is not good and is not well cared for by the family can be excessive. In general, teenagers want to be recognized and get special treatment. Negative relationships that influence the use of liquor among teenagers. Liquor can damage the development of child development so there is a need for efforts to protect children from the bad influence of hard miniman as an effort to implement Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection. The task of controlling this is in accordance with what is mandated by the Food Law, where the National Police has the right and obligation to control illegal alcoholic drinks without permission in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Efforts to control illegal alcoholic beverages will greatly affect the decline in the incidence of alcoholic drinks because according to several events, people who carry out alcoholic drinks are usually from the lower middle class

scholarly journals Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Retribusi Izin Tempat Penjualan Minuman Beralkohol Kota Palangka Raya

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Fitriani Fitriani ◽  
Wahyu Rizanu Arifandi
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Policy Content ◽  
Identity Cards

This study aims to determine how the Department of Industry and Trade of Palangkaraya City in implementing Regional Regulation No. 23 of 2014 to the Palangkaraya Alcoholic Beverage Seller. The method used is qualitative. The researcher wants to describe the Implementation of Regional Regulation No. 23 of 2014 from the Department of Industry and Trade of Palangka Raya City to the Seller of Alcoholic Beverages. The author uses 4 (four) indicators of policy implementation namely Information, Policy Content, Community Support and Potential Distribution. The data source consists of primary data, namely the results of interviews with Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan, Alcoholic Beverage Sellers and the people of Palangka Raya City, while secondary data sources are in the form of official Regional Regulation Number 23 of 2014. the results of research on the Implementation of Regional Regulation No. 23 of 2014 are still not optimal due to the difficulty of some Alcoholic Beverage Sellers to be present on time to attend socialization activities and the difficulty of Alcoholic Beverage Sellers in requesting identity cards to teenage buyers. For this reason, the researcher recommends 1) giving a warning to the Alcoholic Beverage Sellers who are late in participating in the Socialization activities and 2) reaffirming the provision of information regarding the Regulations on the prohibition of selling alcoholic drinks to students or under 17 years of age.

scholarly journals Effects of Daily Alcohol Intake on Serum and Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity Associated With Two Local Alcoholic Drinks of Benin

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Moutawakiliou Gomina ◽  
Haziz Sina ◽  
Chistianne Gandekon ◽  
Simon Akpona ◽  
Lamine Baba-Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salivary Alpha Amylase ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Made In

This study was initiated to assess the effect of daily amount of alcohol intake on serum and salivary alpha-amylase activity of regular adult consumers of tchoukoutou and sodabi, two local alcoholic drinks made in Benin. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out from 1st of April to 31st of August, 2012. The study population consisted of 50 subjects as regular consumers of tchoukoutou (titrated with 3% of alcohol), 50 regular consumers of sodabi (titrated with 40% of alcohol) and 50 non-consumers of alcohol. Alpha-amylase activity in saliva and serum were measured in each subject. There was no significant difference in the activity of serum and salivary alpha-amylase between consumers of low quantity of tchoukoutou and sodabi (˂ 30 g/ day) on one hand (P = 0.24 and 0.99 respectively), and between moderate consumers (30-79 g/ day) on the other (P = 0.31 and 0.48 respectively). Daily amount of alcohol intake had a positive effect on the serum alpha-amylase activity when taking into consideration the entire group at the threshold of 1%, in tchoukoutou consumers (r = +0.887), and in women sodabi consumers at the threshold of 5% (r = +0.928). Therefore, serum alpha-amylase activity is positively associated with the consumption of these two local alcoholic drinks made in Benin.

scholarly journals Determination of Brew Fermentation Rate Using Tithonia diversifolia Catalyst

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Hellen Chebet ◽  
Johnson Kinyua ◽  
Patrick Kareru ◽  
Njiema Gitaari
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Alcohol Fermentation ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Fermentation Rate ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
The One ◽  
Alcohol Alcohol

The consumption of alcoholic drinks have highly risen recently to a situation whereby there is a deficit in the stores, this is due to the higher demand compared to supply. Due to the high prices of most of the industrialized brews, consumers have opted for locally brewed drinks. Although locally manufactured brews are not recognized and certified by law, most are of good quality and with low cost of production. The use of Tithonia diversifolia can be employed to aid in improvement of the rate of production of local and industrialized brews. The main aim of this project was to improve the rate of fermentation of alcoholic beverage using both Tithonia diversifolia leaves extracts and iron II nanoparticles derived from it. It was observed that the plant catalyst reduced the time taken to produce alcohol. Alcohol fermentation rate in presence of yeast and with a tithonia extract as catalyst was measured, Rates of alcohol production was measured by UV VIS at intervals of one hour and deduced from a calibration curve. From the data, the alcohol content was higher in the sample catalyzed by the complexed extract and the one containing extracts as the catalyst as compared to the one without a catalyst. The percentage ethanol was able to be detected by finding absorbances (beer lambert law A = e l c.).

Research Note: Describing Canada's Residential Continuing Care Population through an Analysis of a National Mortality Dataset and a Provincial Hospital Dataset

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Wilson ◽  
Corrine D. Truman
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Group ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Average Hospital Stay ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
National Mortality ◽  
Utilization Data ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Canada Data

ABSTRACTWhile there are 157,000 designated continuing care (CC) beds in Canada – beds that are only used by a rather distinct group of individuals – no comprehensive description of the CC resident population exists. An analysis of 1974–1997 Statistics Canada mortality data and 1992/93–1996/97 Alberta hospital utilization data was undertaken to provide a description of one segment of this population, those at the end of life. Statistics Canada data indicate that only a small (<3%) proportion of deaths take place each year in CC facilities, with these persons 84.5 years of age on average, and most often female (62.5%), widowed (61.9%), and Canadian born (61.8%). The primary cause of death/diagnosis varied considerably, as it did for CC residents in Alberta who were transferred to acute care hospitals before dying there. The average hospital stay for transferred persons was 14.0 days in length, with these hospitalizations normally characterized by few diagnostic tests or treatments (mean=0.9).

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-263
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
International Bank ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
Made In

On March 1, 1954, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development released a report supplementing its eighth annual report and covering its activities from July 1, 1953, until February 1, 1954. During this period, eighteen loans totaling $190,392,000 were made in ten countries, bringing the total of Bank lending to $1,781,158,464 for 96 loans in 31 countries. On February 1, 1954, total disbursements on loans amounted to $1,261,310,913, $158,049,798 of which had been made in the period covered in the report. Net earnings for the seven months ending February 1, 1954, totaled $11,072,000 all of which had been credited to the Supplemental Reserve against Losses on Loans and Guarantees, raising that supplemental reserve to $87,586,000. Approximately $6,550,000 had been added to the Special Reserve, increasing it to $43,787,000. Four issues of Bank bonds had increased the outstanding direct obligations of the Bank by $198,269,342 during the period; total Bank issues outstanding as of February 1, 1954, amounted to $753,479,877, of which $675 million was denominated in United States dollars and the remainder in sterling, Swiss francs or Canadian dollars. $15,448,464 principal amount of borrowers' obligations had been sold to private investors during the period; $10,163,766 of this total was sold without the Bank's guarantee. As of February 1, 1954, total sales by the Bank of the obligations of its borrowers totaled $85,463,118, of which $31,638,140 had been retired

The Effect of Data Aggregation on a Poisson Regression Model of Canadian Migration

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1381-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Amrhein ◽  
R Flowerdew
Keyword(s):  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Aggregate Population ◽  
Canada Data

A Statistics Canada data set for Canadian migration data at the census division level incorporating information on income tax for 1986 has already been presented. This matrix of 260 × 260 flows was used to calibrate a set of Poisson regression models by utilizing flows for the aggregate population. In this paper, the relatively high spatial resolution is used to test for aggregation effects as the original 260 units are combined to form fewer, synthetic regions with larger areas. A series of simulation experiments are performed with three different aggregation algorithms to create 130, 65, and ultimately 10 (corresponding to the provinces) synthetic regions. Average results from the experiments are compared with the original model. Results are obtained that suggest that, in this case, obvious aggregation effects similar to those observed elsewhere (by Openshaw) are not observed.

scholarly journals Forever young? The crisis of generational renewal on Canada's farms

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-127
Author(s):  
Darrin Qualman ◽  
A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi ◽  
Annette Aurélie Desmarais ◽  
Sharada Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Farm Machinery ◽  
Farm Population ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Canada Data ◽  
Profit Share

There are fewer and fewer young people actively farming in Canada.  Farmers under the age of 35 are leaving farming at twice the rate of the general farm population. As a result, Canada faces a crisis of generational renewal on its farms. This article explores the factors that mitigate against young people taking up farming. Using an analytical framework in part derived from the work of Henry Bernstein and applied to Statistics Canada data, the article demonstrates that there is an ongoing income crisis, a growing problem of farmland accessibility and costs associated with farm machinery, unrestrained increases in the power and profit-share of agribusiness transnationals, and a retreat of governments from public-interest regulation. In doing so, the article provides an evidence-based analysis of the structural factors and forces driving Canada's crisis of generational renewal on its farms.

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