scholarly journals ACTIVATION OF SINABUNG MOUNT VOLCANIC ASH USING VARIOUS MINERAL ACIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shohihatun Bariyah ◽  
Lisnawaty Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Sio2 Content ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Mesh Sieve

The effect of various types of mineral acids in activating the silica of volcanic ash of Mount Sinabung has been carried out. The use of various types of mineral acids is aimed at reducing impurities in the form of metals contained in the ash so that it can increase the SiO2 content in the ash. In the treatment, volcanic ash is prepared beforehand by grinding and sieving with a 200 mesh sieve. The sieved ash was then added with mineral acids, namely HCl, HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4 and heated at 100oC for 2 hours. After that, it was neutralized with distilled water and in an oven at 120oC for 6 hours and characterized using XRF to determine the impurities that had been lost. Based on the results obtained using XRF characteristics, the SiO2 content of volcanic ash activated with HCl was 80,23%, HNO3 was 77,23% and H2SO4 was 76,89%. This shows that activation using HCl is more optimal than using HNO3 and H2SO4.

scholarly journals Combination of Sinabung Volcanic Ash and Humic Acid Against Characteristics of Humid Silica Fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Veny Apriyani ◽  
Thomson A.S Girsang ◽  
Ribka Sirait ◽  
Lisnawaty Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Sio2 Content ◽  
Acid Extract ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Acidic Nature

Volcanic ash from Mount Sinabung has a large silica (SiO2) content of 69,93% and contains minerals needed by soil and plants. This potential cannot be directly utilized due to the acidic nature of volcanic ash which can damage plants. To be used as fertilizer, the process can be accelerated by adding humic acid from chicken manure. So the purpose of this study is to manufacture humic silica fertilizer by combining volcanic ash with humic acid from chicken manure and and  the characteristics of humic silica fertilizer. In this study a method of extracting humic acid from chicken manure was used using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0,25 M solution and mixing volcanic ash with humic acid. The results of humic acid extract from chicken manure were then combined with volcanic ash from sinabung. Nutrients from the combination obtained at variation 60:40 with the highest organic C were 1.37%, N total 0.24%, Phosphate 20.64 ppm and Potassium 0.664 me / 100g with pH fertilizer 6 and crumb texture and free neutral which indicates the fertilizer is ready to use.

scholarly journals The Chemistry of Weathering of a Pliocene Volcanic Ash Deposit, National Elk Refuge, Wyoming

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
R. Antweiler ◽  
J. Drever
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ash Deposit ◽  
Aqueous Silica

Precipitation falls to the earth basically as distilled water, except near population centers where atmospheric pollution contributes solutes and near the ocean which adds sodium and chloride. The waters of springs, however, contain varying amounts of Ca++ , Mg++, Na+, HCO3- and aqueous silica as major constituents, derived from bedrock. How rainwater changes its composition to springwater as it passes through soils and rocks is not well understood. The objectives of our project were to study the initial changes in water chemistry as moisture passed through a "reactive" bedrock and to compare our results with theoretical models (eg. Helgeson 1968, Helgeson et.al. 1969, 1970, Wood and Surdam, 1979).

scholarly journals A New Parameterization of Volcanic Ash Complex Refractive Index Based on NBO/T and SiO2 Content

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 1779-1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Prata ◽  
L. J. Ventress ◽  
E. Carboni ◽  
T. A. Mather ◽  
R. G. Grainger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Complex Refractive Index ◽  
Sio2 Content

scholarly journals ANALISIS KANDUNGAN SiO2 PADA BATUAN GREEN TUFF DENGAN METODE GRAVIMETRIK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Nurul Fuadi ◽  
Ayu Annisa Amir
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Initial Volume ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Silica Dioxide

Research has been conducted on the content of Silica dioxide (SiO2) in Green Tuff rocks from Bone of South Sulawesi Province. This Green Tuff rock is a type of sedimentary rock formed from volcanic ash released from a pit during a volcanic eruption. This research uses the gravimetric method which is analytical chemical method by weighing the sample that has been melted as much as 0.5 grams then adding enough distilled water, 10 ml of HCl and 5 ml of HNO3, after that it is heated to dry and added 5 mL of HCl. Reheat until the volume becomes half of the initial volume and added distilled water afterwards, cooled and filtered. The purpose of adding HCl and HNO3 is so that the silica content can be separated from the impurities so that a larger crystal-shaped silica precipitate and a yellowish-colored solution containing impurities are present in the precipitate. So that in this study the results of the analysis of the content of Silica dioxide (SiO2) of 76.50%.

Biophysical Measurement of Molecular Weight of Foot-and-Mouth Disease RNA Fragments

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Sydney S. Breese ◽  
Howard L. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Continuing studies on the physical and chemical properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have included electron microscopy of RNA strands released when highly purified virus (1) was dialyzed against demlneralized distilled water. The RNA strands were dried on formvar-carbon coated electron microscope screens pretreated with 0.1% bovine plasma albumin in distilled water. At this low salt concentration the RNA strands were extended and were stained with 1% phosphotungstic acid. Random dispersions of strands were recorded on electron micrographs, enlarged to 30,000 or 40,000 X and the lengths measured with a map-measuring wheel. Figure 1 is a typical micrograph and Fig. 2 shows the distributions of strand lengths for the three major types of FMDV (A119 of 6/9/72; C3-Rezende of 1/5/73; and O1-Brugge of 8/24/73.

Freeze-fracture, freeze-etch complementary pairs of virus-infected cells reveal value of etching even when relatively high concentrations of cryoprotectants are used

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Virus Infected Plant ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
High Concentrations

It has been assumed by many involved in freeze-etch or freeze-fracture studies that it would be useless to etch specimens which were cryoprotected by more than 15% glycerol. We presumed that the amount of cryoprotective material exposed at the surface would serve as a contaminating layer and prevent the visualization of fine details. Recent unexpected freeze-etch results indicated that it would be useful to compare complementary replicas in which one-half of the frozen-fractured specimen would be shadowed and replicated immediately after fracturing whereas the complement would be etched at -98°C for 1 to 10 minutes before being shadowed and replicated.Standard complementary replica holders (Steere, 1973) with hinges removed were used for this study. Specimens consisting of unfixed virus-infected plant tissue infiltrated with 0.05 M phosphate buffer or distilled water were used without cryoprotectant. Some were permitted to settle through gradients to the desired concentrations of different cryoprotectants.

Comparison of Acrylamide and Agar Gels by Freeze-Etching

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Agar Gels ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Water Cut

Thin sheets of acrylamide and agar gels of different concentrations were prepared and washed in distilled water, cut into pieces of appropriate size to fit into complementary freeze-etch specimen holders (1) and rapidly frozen. Freeze-etching was accomplished in a modified Denton DFE-2 freeze-etch unit on a DV-503 vacuum evaporator.* All samples were etched for 10 min. at -98°C then re-cooled to -150°C for deposition of Pt-C shadow- and C replica-films. Acrylamide gels were dissolved in Chlorox (5.251 sodium hypochlorite) containing 101 sodium hydroxide, whereas agar gels dissolved rapidly in the commonly used chromic acid cleaning solutions. Replicas were picked up on grids with thin Foimvar support films and stereo electron micrographs were obtained with a JEM-100 B electron microscope equipped with a 60° goniometer stage.Characteristic differences between gels of different concentrations (Figs. 1 and 2) were sufficiently pronounced to convince us that the structures observed are real and not the result of freezing artifacts.

Heterogeneity of Size and Distribution of Intramembrane Particles in the Plasma Membrane of Yeast

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 596-597
Author(s):  
E. Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Translational Diffusion ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Intramembrane Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Water Cell

The matrix of biological membranes consists of a lipid bilayer into which proteins or protein aggregates are intercalated. Freeze-fracture techni- ques permit these proteins, perhaps in association with lipids, to be visualized in the hydrophobic regions of the membrane. Thus, numerous intramembrane particles (IMP) have been found on the fracture faces of membranes from a wide variety of cells (1-3). A recognized property of IMP is their tendency to form aggregates in response to changes in experi- mental conditions (4,5), perhaps as a result of translational diffusion through the viscous plane of the membrane. The purpose of this communica- tion is to describe the distribution and size of IMP in the plasma membrane of yeast (Candida utilis).Yeast cells (ATCC 8205) were grown in synthetic medium (6), and then harvested after 16 hours of culture, and washed twice in distilled water. Cell pellets were suspended in growth medium supplemented with 30% glycerol and incubated for 30 minutes at 0°C, centrifuged, and prepared for freeze-fracture, as described earlier (2,3).

Variations in Surface Textures of Quartz Sand using Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 494-495
Author(s):  
Eugene J. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glass Industry ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Surface Textures ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Sand Deposit ◽  
The U.S

Examination of sand grain surfaces from early Paleozoic sandstones by electron microscopy reveals a variety of secondary effects caused by rock-forming processes after final deposition of the sand. Detailed studies were conducted on both coarse (≥0.71mm) and fine (=0.25mm) fractions of St. Peter Sandstone, a widespread sand deposit underlying much of the U.S. Central Interior and used in the glass industry because of its remarkably high silica purity.The very friable sandstone was disaggregated and sieved to obtain the two size fractions, and then cleaned by boiling in HCl to remove any iron impurities and rinsed in distilled water. The sand grains were then partially embedded by sprinkling them onto a glass slide coated with a thin tacky layer of latex. Direct platinum shadowed carbon replicas were made of the exposed sand grain surfaces, and were separated by dissolution of the silica in HF acid.

Scanning Electron Microscopy-cuticular Lesions on the Roundworm Ascaris Suum

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
P. A. Madden ◽  
W. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Silver Paint ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scanning Electron

The intestinal roundworm of swine is pinkish in color and about the diameter of a lead pencil. Adult worms, taken from parasitized swine, frequently were observed with macroscopic lesions on their cuticule. Those possessing such lesions were rinsed in distilled water, and cylindrical segments of the affected areas were removed. Some of the segments were fixed in buffered formalin before freeze-drying; others were freeze-dried immediately. Initially, specimens were quenched in liquid freon followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then placed in ampuoles in a freezer at −45C and sublimated by vacuum until dry. After the specimens appeared dry, the freezer was allowed to come to room temperature slowly while the vacuum was maintained. The dried specimens were attached to metal pegs with conductive silver paint and placed in a vacuum evaporator on a rotating tilting stage. They were then coated by evaporating an alloy of 20% palladium and 80% gold to a thickness of approximately 300 A°. The specimens were examined by secondary electron emmission in a scanning electron microscope.

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