scholarly journals Using plant tissue culture technique to evaluate of three genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) to salinity tolerance.

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Abd A. S. ◽  
Aljibouri A. A. M. ◽  
Mahmoud S. N. ◽  
Duha M. Mejeed ◽  
Al-Hussini Z. A.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Ca Ions ◽  
Proline Concentration

he effect of five levels of sodium chloride (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2) % on callus initiated from immature embryos of three genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. (I.E.Tamose 2, Rabeia, genotype 20) were investigated. Callus fresh and dry weight, cell contents of proline, carbohydrate as well as Na, Cl, K and Ca ions were used as parameters to determine the effect of NaCl on callus culture. The results showed Significant differences between genotypes in the most parameters studies significant reduction in callus fresh and dry weight as well as callus content of K, Ca ions and carbohydrate with NaCl concentration increased in the medium . On the other hand proline concentration Na and Cl ions were significant increased with NaCl concentration increased in the culture medium. Significant interactions were recorded between genotypes and salt concentration in their parameters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. callus genotypes for water stress tolerance using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Proline Concentration

A fixed callus weight of 150 mg was induced from immature embryos of three bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. genotypes (Tamos 2, El-izz and Mutant 1) cultured on nutrient medium {MS) containing Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) supplemented with concentrations (0.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 or 12.0%) to evaluate their tolerance to water stress. Cultures were incubated in darkness at temperature of 25?1 ?C. Callus fresh and dry weights were recorded and soluble Carbohydrate and the amino acid Proline concentrations were determined. Results showed that there were significant differences in studied parameters among bread wheat genotypes of which Tamos 2 was higher in callus average fresh and dry weights which gave 353.33 and 38.46 mg/cultured tube respectively. Tamos 2 was also higher in soluble Carbohydrate and Proline concentrations which gave 189.84 and 12.30 mg/g respectively. Results also showed that there was significant reduction in callus average fresh and dry weights and soluble Carbohydrates concentration as concentrations of PEG increased in cultured medium, whereas average Proline concentration increased as PEG concentrations increased. The results also revealed significant interactions among the genotypes and PEG concentrations in all studied parameters. It can be concluded thatTamos 2 genotype showed better tolerance to drought than the other two genotypes

Effect of salinity on photosynthesis and photorespiration of two wheat species (Triticum durum cv. PEPE 2122 and Triticum aestivum cv. Marzotto)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvino Passera ◽  
Antonio Albuzio
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Species ◽  
Ribulose 1 ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Photorespiration Rate ◽  
Nacl Toxicity

Effects of NaCl toxicity were examined in two wheat species (Triticum durum L. cv. PEPE 2122 and Triticum aestivum L. cv. Marzotto). At NaCl concentration up to 50 mM growth, dry weight, succulence, and O2 evolution decreased while chlorophyll and protein content increased. 14CO2 fixation increased at 25 mM and decreased at 50 mM NaCl; also, carboxylating and photorespiratory enzyme activities were differently affected by increased salinity. The ratio between ribulose 1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities decreased, photorespiration rate was stimulated, and the O2 evolving mechanism was inhibited.

scholarly journals PRIMING OF GENETIC VARIATIONS BY COLOCYNTH FRUIT EXTRACT AND CALLUS INITIATION IN EMBRYOS OF TWO CULTIVARS OF ALFALFA SEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza & Ali
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Callus Initiation

An experiment  was conducted at Central lab of Graduate studies, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The aim was to study the effect of colocynth fruit extract on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars were PAC-78001 and local variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiment within CRD. Seeds was soaked with colocynth fruit extract at 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 ml Li-1 for 24 hours, then, sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes. The results showed significant differences between two cultivars responding to colocynth fruit extract levels. Concentration at 150 ml Li-1 gave the highest both fresh and dry weight of callus (205.90 and 20.60) respectively. Also, PCR results depending on RAPD and electrophoresis for DNA samples which isolated from callus of two cultivars and subjected to various concentrations of colocynth fruit extract 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 ml Li-1 showed differences in amplified observed bands, molecular weights and brightness intensity by using primers primer -Y07, -Y06, OE-12, C-08, D-10, -Y10 and A-16, and There was no difference in bands number at all concentrations of colocynth fruit extract for local variety by primer A-16.       

Interruption of magnesium supply at heading influenced proteome of peripheral layers and reduced grain dry weight of two wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Qiu ◽  
Isabelle Nadaud ◽  
Gérard Ledoigt ◽  
Agnès Piquet-Pissaloux ◽  
Gérard Branlard
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L

67 Effects of phytohemagglutinin on the culture of isolated bovine blastomeres derived from the 8-cell stage invitro-produced embryos

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Y. Hashiyada ◽  
Y. Aikawa ◽  
H. Matsuda ◽  
T. Yamanouchi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Tissue Culture Dish

Monozygotic twin embryos which can efficiently be produced by blastomere separation and aggregation of early cleavage stages of embryos using commercially provided well-of-the-well (WOW) culture dish. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) is a plant lectin that binds to and aggregates on the surface of animal cells, but also contains toxicity that causes food poisoning. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity to embryos and the effect to development of isolated blastomeres on PHA-supplemented WOW culture. Embryos were produced using oocytes from ovaries collected at an abattoir by IVM, IVF, and invitro culture (IVC). The tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with 5% calf serum (CS), Brackett-Oliphant solution supplemented with 10mgmL−1 bovine serum albumin, and CR1aa medium containing 5% CS were used for each culture step. For the evaluation of PHA toxicity, 89 embryos that developed to the 5-8-cell stage were obtained at Day 2 after insemination. Each embryo was cultured in a droplet of 5 µL/embryo IVC culture medium supplemented with or without PHA. For the evaluation of PHA to development of isolated blastomeres, 111 of 8-cell stage embryos were obtained 48-54h post-insemination. Zonae pellucidae were removed by exposure to 0.25% pronase. Then, embryos were separated into single blastomeres by gentle pipetting in IVC medium. Each four blastomeres were formed in the shape of a bunch inside the thin cylinder at the tip of the Pasteur pipette by gentle pipetting. Then, each mass of blastomeres in each 60 masses was cultured individually in 5-µL droplets of IVC medium supplemented with or without PHA on the flat surface of a tissue culture dish. On the other hand, each four blastomeres were introduced into a single conical micro-well each having a diameter and depth of ~287µm and 168µm (Dai Nippon Printing). This culture of blastomeres was performed covered with a droplet of 2.5µL well−1 IVC medium supplemented with or without PHA in each 50 or 52 wells. In all of investigations, PHA was used at 50µgmL−1 (Akagi et al. 2011 J. Reprod. Dev. 57). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and analysis of variance. The blastocyst formation rate (71.1±2.3% vs. 72.7±1.7%), total cell number (120 vs. 122), and inner cell mass cell number (47 vs. 51) at Day 7 after IVF did not differ between PHA-supplemented and PHA-free group in the toxicity test, respectively. In the blastomere culture, the blastocyst formation rate was very low (10.0±5.9% vs. 5.0±2.9%) regardless of the PHA supplementation in drops on the flat surface of a tissue culture dish. On the other hand, blastocyst formation was improved using the WOW culture dish (24.0±3.6% vs. 40.4±7.6%) but there was no difference with or without PHA supplementation. Although nontoxicity of PHA and efficacy of WOW culture for isolated-aggregated blastomeres were confirmed, no improvement of PHA supplementation on development was observed in this study. Subsequently, experiments on the optimum concentration of PHA for aggregation and development of blastomeres in WOW culture are required.

scholarly journals Response of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Q. Wu ◽  
L.N. Zhang ◽  
Y.Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Drought Tolerant

 To investigate the responses of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat cultivars, one drought tolerant (Heshangtou, HST) and the other drought sensitive (Longchun 15, LC15), 15-day-old wheat seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress of –0.25, –0.50, and –0.75 MPa for 2 days. It is found that osmotic stress decreased shoot length in both wheat cultivars, whereas to a lesser degree in HST than in LC15. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of shoot in both wheat cultivars were increased by osmotic stress. It is clear that MDA contents increased less in the more drought tolerant cultivar HST than in drought sensitive one LC15. On the contrary, POD and CAT activities increased more in HST than LC15 under osmotic stress. As the activity of SOD, however, no significant differences were found between HST and LC15. These results suggest that wheat cultivar HST has higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and CAT to cope with oxidative damage caused by osmotic stress compared to sensitive LC15.  

INHERITANCE OF SAWFLY REACTION AND STEM SOLIDNESS IN SPRING WHEAT CROSSES: STEM SOLIDNESS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
Stem Solidness ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation

Inheritance of stem solidness was studied in populations of F3 and B2 lines from the Red Bobs × C.T. 715 and Redman × S-615 (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses and backcrosses. The data supported the hypothesis that the varieties in each cross differed by four genes for stem solidness. In both crosses, one gene exerted a major influence in that its allele for hollowness in the homozygous condition was epistatic to the other three genes. The other three genes within each cross were similar in their influence on solidness. Between the two crosses, corresponding genes differed in some degree.Genetic analyses and correlation coefficients both revealed a close association between sawfly resistance and stem solidness in the Red Bobs × C.T. 715 cross indicating that the stem solidness character was largely responsible for conditioning the degree of sawfly reaction in a plant.In both crosses, a weak negative correlation was found between stem solidness and height. Stem solidness was not associated with bunt (race T-2) reaction, glume color, awn type, or heading date.

Silica deposition in the inflorescence bracts of wheat (Triticum aestivum). I. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hodson ◽  
A. G. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deposition Pattern ◽  
Membranous Structure ◽  
Silica Deposition ◽  
Scanning Electron

Silica deposition in the lower glume, lemma, and palea of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Silica was present in the outer walls of all the epidermal cells including prickles and papillae of the glume and lemma awns. The glume and the lemma were similar in epidermal silica deposition pattern, both having numerous silicified short trichomes and papillae on inner and outer surfaces. Epidermal long cells and short cells were also silicified. Macrohairs were restricted to isolated areas in these bracts, particularly on the inner surfaces just beneath the awns. The palea was a thin membranous structure differing markedly from the other two bracts. Most of the palea is pressed between the caryopsis and the next floret, and both surfaces are almost devoid of trichomes in these areas. However, at the apex and margins of the palea, macrohairs and papillae were abundant. The results are discussed with respect to possible taxonomic, anatomical, medical, and archaeological implications.

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