ADJECTIVE PHRASE CONSTRUCTION INDICATED IN STUDENTS DESCRIPTIVE TEXT: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 MATAULI PANDAN TAPANULI TENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Erma Hermawar ◽  
Rahmat Husein ◽  
Audi Yundayani
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Target Languages

 This study investigates the types of interlanguage of adjective phrase construction that students made when writing English descriptive text. The errors function as a system and can be used to determine interlanguage. The researcher employed a cross-sectional design and used descriptive qualitative methods. The descriptive texts of the students were collected as primary data at the same time but different levels of proficiency. Thirty tenth-grade students from Matauli Senior High School in Central Tapanuli, North Sumatera, participated in the study. Error Analysis (EA) and Interlanguage theories were central to the data analysis (IL). The findings revealed that students' English production is still interlanguage because their writings contain a wide range of errors regarding adjective phrases. There are 113 errors in total. There are up to 70 items of omission errors (62%), 19 items of misformation errors (17%), 15 items of misordering errors (13%), and 9 items of addition errors (8%). Furthermore, four processes were identified as contributing to students' interlanguage in this study, with the student's native language having the greatest influence on their English production (Language transfer (71%), second language learning strategies (14%), false concepts hypothesized (9.7%), and overgeneralization (5.3%)). The findings also revealed that both interlingual and intralingual sources have caused errors in second language learning. It can be concluded that students' competence at each level is insufficient. Due to their system, they are on the interlanguage continuum, which has a structurally intermediate status between the native and target languages.

Focused Tasks, Mental Actions and Second Language Learning. Cognitive and Connectionist Accounts of Task Effectiveness

2006 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld Moonen ◽  
Rick de Graaff ◽  
Gerard Westhoff
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Mental Actions ◽  
Involvement Load Hypothesis

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical framework to estimate the effectiveness of second language tasks in which the focus is on the acquisition of new linguistic items, such as vocabulary or grammar, the so-called focused tasks (R. Ellis, 2003). What accounts for the learning impact offocused tasks? We shall argue that the task-based approach (e.g. Skehan, 1998, Robinson, 2001) does not provide an in-depth account of how cognitive processes, elicited by a task, foster the acquisition of new linguistic elements. We shall then review the typologies of cognitive processes derived from research on learning strategies (Chamot & O'Malley, 1994), from the involvement load hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001), from the depth of processing hypothesis (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) and from connectionism (e.g Broeder & Plunkett, 1997; N. Ellis, 2003). The combined insights of these typologies form the basis of the multi-feature hypothesis, which predicts that retention and ease of activation of new linguistic items are improved by mental actions which involve a wide variety of different features, simultaneously and frequently. A number of implications for future research shall be discussed.

Creole phonological restructuring

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Russell
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Perceptual Knowledge ◽  
Loanword Adaptation ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Target Languages

This article examines the influence of perception on creole phonological restructuring, drawing comparisons to loanword adaptation and second language learning and outlining a formal framework within which change can be described and explained. The three scenarios of contact-induced modification are compared and contrasted, focusing on the nature of contact, the role of different source and target languages, and the means by which participants access source tokens. Data from Haitian, showing diachronic modification to lexifier rhotics, is used to illustrate the position that perception may be the primary causal factor in phonological modification in some instances. It is argued that source ambiguity and substrate (L1) perceptual knowledge underlie restructuring. Perceptual competence is formalized in a broadly Optimality Theoretic grammar using level-specific constraints referring to the parsing and categorization of experiential input. Putative substrate data are used to establish a perceptual grammar which, when applied to experiential input, predict attested outcomes in Haitian.

scholarly journals استخدام استراتيجيات التعلم لدى الجامعيين الناطقين بغير اللغة العربية (The Use of Learning Strategies among Students non-Native Arabic Speakers)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2LING) ◽  
Author(s):  
ندوة بنت حاج داود (Nadwah Haji Daud)
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Item Item

 ملخص البحث: هذه الدراسة تبحث في استخدام استراتيجيات تعلم اللغة لدى 106 طلاب غير ناطقين باللغة العربية ومتخصصين في اللغة العربية وآدابها بالجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا، حيث تمّ توزيع استبانة تحتوي على قائمة استراتيجيات تعلم اللغة الثانية من نموذج أكسفورد على أعضاء العينة. وتمّ تحليل استبانات العينة وإجاباتهم عن طريق نظام الإحصاء للعلوم الاجتماعية.. تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على اهتمامات الطلاب بالمهارات اللغويّة. واستنتجت الدراسة أن الاستراتيجيات المباشرة أخذت حظها الوافر في اختيار العينة لاستراتيجيات التعلم.الكلمات المفتاحية: الاستراتيجية- الكفاية- العينة- الأنواع- التحليل.Abstract:The paper reports on the study that was carried out among 106 respondents who are students of Arabic as second language and majoring in Arabic and Literature at the International Islamic University Malaysia. They responded to questionnaire that consisted of a list of strategies in second language learning taken from the Oxford model. The data was analyzed using the SPSS. In general, the study aims at identifying the interests of the students in the language skills. In conclusion, it was noted that the direct strategies were the most preferred strategies among the students in learning Arabic as second language.Keywords: Strategies– Competence– Sample– Types– Analysis.Abstrak:Kajian ini berhasrat mencari maklumat tentang penggunaan strategi pembelajaran bahasa di kalanga 106 orang pelajar bukan penutur berbahasa Arab yang juga mengkhusus dalam bidang Bahasa Arab & Kesusasteraan di Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia. Soal kajiselidik yang telah diedarkan di kalangan sampel kajian mengandungi item-item daripada senarai soal kajiselidik Oxford. Analisa terhadap soal kajiselidik diproses dengan dengan menggunakan SPSS. Kajian ini juga turut menyelidik perhatian pelajar terhadap kemahiran bahasa. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sampel kajian banyak menggunakan strategi pembelajaran secara langsung.Kata kunci: Strategi– Kecekapan– Sampel Kajian– Jenis Strategi- Analisa.

scholarly journals Mispronunciation of High Front and Low Hausa Vowels among the Yorùbá Speakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 321-335
Author(s):  
Sale Maikanti ◽  
Jurgen Martin Burkhardt ◽  
Mei Fung Yong ◽  
Salina Binti Husain ◽  
Olúwadọrọ̀ Jacob Oludare
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Vowels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Pronunciation in second language learning is sometimes challenging, especially the vowels. Vowels such as [i] and [a] are found both in Hausa and Yorùbá but [i:] and [a:] are peculiar to Hausa alone. While Hausa has short and long vowels, Yorùbá has only oral and nasal vowels in their vowel inventories. Such phonemic differences constitute learning challenges, especially for the Yorùbá native speakers. This is a cross-sectional study design using mixed methods to examines the production of high front vowels: [i], and [i:], as well as low: [a], and [a:] Hausa vowels by the Yorùbá speakers to identify which group perform better between group 1 (Yorùbá native speakers who learned Hausa in the secondary school before going to the college of education), and group 2 (Yorùbá native speakers who learned Hausa informally before going to the college of education). The study also seeks to find out vowel substitutions that occur in the pronunciation tasks using 80 participants from 18 years old and above from the College of Education system in Nigeria who were selected based on purposive sampling. The findings were discussed in line with Flege & Bohn’s (2020) ‘Revised Speech Learning Model’. 8 stimuli were audio-recorded, transcribed, and rated by two independent raters, in addition to participant observation techniques adapted. The results of the Mann-Whitney test revealed that group 2 performed better than group 1. The study discovered also that the short [a] in the first and second syllables had the highest frequency of substitution compared to [i], [i:] and [a:] vowels. Such problems have pedagogical implications for learning Hausa as a second language.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING LEARNER AUTONOMY OF EFL AND ESP STUDENTS AT THE TERTIARY LEVEL: CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2022 ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Maja Stanojević Gocić ◽  
Anita Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Learner Autonomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Prescribed Curriculum ◽  
Vocational Studies

Learner autonomy is a concept developed to reiterate the need for life-long learning that goes beyond the prescribed curriculum and institutional settings. In addition, learner-centered approach shifts the burden of responsibility from teachers to learners, as learners are now obliged to take charge of their learning. In that respect, students at the tertiary level of education are expected to know how to learn, inclusive of what to learn and where to learn. In other words, they should be trained to organize their own learning, control and monitor their progress, and evaluate the results, whereas the current educational settings should be given the task to contribute to the development of learner autonomy that paves the way for life-long education. The participants in the research are EFL students from the department of English Language and Literature at Faculty of Philosophy, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, and ESP students from the Academy of Technical and Pre-School Vocational Studies Niš, Department Vranje. A Learner Autonomy Questionnaire developed by Zhang and Li (2004) was administered to measure students’ learner autonomy level. The aim of the paper is not only to outline the significance of taking control of one’s learning, but also to use certain tools in the EFL classroom that contribute to the process of building learner autonomy, as its pedagogical implication, including language learning strategies, project-based tasks, reflective journals, etc.

scholarly journals Collaborative Instructional Strategies and Attitudes toward Second Language Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Carolyn F. Pardo-Tolentino ◽  
Rischelle G. Aggabao
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

This paper examines the effectiveness of using collaborative instructional strategies in teaching second language and presents the attitudes toward using these collaborative strategies among Grade 8 students. To determine the results, the experimental research design was used to test the relationship between the variables. Findings revealed that five collaborative learning strategies namely think-pair-share, jigsaw puzzle, mind mapping, round robin, and send a problem were assessed as satisfactory by the respondents. Though the data show these collaborative strategies received the same assessment, “send a problem” has the highest average mean. With regard to the respondents’ performance in the pretest and posttest, students who belong in the experimental group show a slight increase in scores than those students in the control group. Students from both groups have the same perception in using these collaborative strategies. Thus, the researchers believe that using collaborative instructional strategies help learners understand better the second language.

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