scholarly journals Individual and calendar funeral and manistic rites in the Hutsul region

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Vasyl Ivanchuk
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Funeral Services ◽  
The Many ◽  
Church Tradition

Based on ethnographic notes of the late XIX – early XX centuries, as well as modern author's field data collected in the Hutsul region, various individual (thirds, ninths, forties, anniversaries) and calendar (Christmas and New Year, Easter periods and «wonderful») are considered Saturdays) funeral services, common among locals. In this investigation, funeral rites are analyzed through the prism of action, agency, subject and motivational and semantic components. The study found that most Hutsul funeral services are based on a pious attitude towards the dead, as well as ancient manistic motivations. Most of the funeral rites and beliefs preserved among the inhabitants of the Hutsul region are marked by syncretism and reduction, as during their existence they absorbed both archaic and later Christian or modern components. A significant number of the funeral services considered are connected with the Christian-church tradition, which is reflected in the organization of funeral services, appropriate meals, readings of the Psalms. At the same time, among the Hutsuls there are ancient funeral rites, which include collective treats of symbolic cereals, feasts on the graves, as well as the gift of a certain sacrifice «for the soul» of the dead. Consideration of the many beliefs and rites associated with manistic endowments has shown that such practices are based on the reception of agents involved in the rite by symbolic representatives of the dead on earth, while the very procedure of endowing a particular object involves its mediation to the afterlife as a victim. In this context, the status of assimilation to the dead is given to the poor, widows, widowers, the elderly and children. An important element of Hutsul funeral rites are also other manistic rites, among which stand out «calling», «feeding», «drinking», «warming» souls. In general, these rites are an important feature of the cult of ancestors, as they perform a clear gilastic function: they are designed to honor and appease deceased relatives, so that they are the patrons of their descendants during the economic and production year.Key words: Hutsul region, Hutsuls, dead, funeral rites, manistic motives

scholarly journals Жабракi ў пахавальных i памiнальных абрадах беларусаў Падзвiння (па матэрыялах ХIХ – пачатку ХХI стагоддзя)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 261-279
Author(s):  
Уладзiмiр Аўсейчык ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Secret Knowledge

On the basis of folklore and ethnographic material of the 19th – early 21st century the symbolic status and ritual functions of beggars in funeral and memorial rites of Belarusian Dvina region are discussed. The beggars represent a peculiar social group, the specificity of which is most expressively manifested in the ritual forms of behavior, including the funeral and memorial rites of the dead. The reasons of their inclusion into the ritual sphere (through the analysis of such characteristics as poverty, physical deviations, blindness, special appearance, possession of secret knowledge, the nature of their “activity”, isolated lifestyle) are presented. The article deals with the status and ritual functions of beggars in the funeral rites and rites of the memorial cycle (within a year from the date of death and calendar holidays). New field material is involved in the study, part of which is fixed by the author. The results of the research will be useful in the study of worldviews and beliefs.

The Status of Slaves in Prehistoric Scandinavian Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 289-310
Author(s):  
Stefan Brink
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metal ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Many

In this final chapter I am trying to sum up the discussion and to present some kind of theory of how Viking-Age slavery looked like. The hypothesis is that Scandinavian Vikings were a major player in the emerging slave trade in Europe, but the poor people they seized in both the East and the West, mainly were sold off at slave markets. What the Scandinavians desired was probably not bonded humans to bring home to Scandinavia as slaves, but precious metal, especially silver. The many hoards with huge deposits of silver, found in Scandinavia, especially on Gotland, may therefore be the result of an intensive and lucrative slave trade. This hypothesis also leads to another assumption, namely that the number of slaves in Viking-Age Scandinavia was not that great; to label Scandinavia during this era a “slave society” is therefore, probably, misleading. Another hypothesis pursued is that slavery and freedom are difficult to see as absolute categories. There were in some cases a gliding scale between a free and an unfree; a legally unfree person could have a socially elevated position, and so on.

Making Modern Deathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
John Parker
Keyword(s):  
Modern State ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Sub Saharan

This chapter turns to the most emblematic aspect of the African encounter with death: the funeral. It argues that, as historians of death in many cultures have observed, the weight of tradition borne by funeral rites means that they are often stubbornly resistant to innovation. Contemporary sub-Saharan Africa's anthropological research has shown funerary cultures to be undergoing rapid and often dramatic elaboration. In postcolonial Ghana, this transformation has been characterized above all by the increasing ostentation of funerals, which are seen by many observers as more about the status of the living than the honouring of the dead. The chapter also looks into recent transformations in Ghanaian funerary culture and how biomedicine, Christianity, the cash nexus and the modern state conspired to reshape death and burial in Africa. Ultimately, the chapter considers the ways in which colonial biopower sought to regulate and to secularize death. It then shifts to focus on the ongoing debates over the funeral, that key moment when normal time seems suspended and the world of the living and the dominion of the dead enter into an intense and intimate dialogue.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN ALGORITMA NAÏVE BAYES DALAM PREDIKSI PENERIMAAN BANTUAN PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) Studi Kasus: Desa Selur, Kecamatan Ngrayun, Kabupaten Ponorogo

KOMPUTEK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Allan Wahyu Sekti Sriwibowo ◽  
Aslan Alwi ◽  
Sugianti Sugianti
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
School Children ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
R Language ◽  
Under Five ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
The Status

PKH is one of the programs for providing conditional social assistance to Poor Families which are designated as recipient families, PKH benefits with the aim of relieving the economy of those who are less fortunate. However, in its implementation, especially in the community, this program has not run well and optimally due to the unevenness of the PKH program. This is of course very influential on the welfare of the community where the programs that should be received by the poor have not been well realized. The concept of data mining can be used to provide solutions to problems at hand, the Naïve Bayes Method is a method which can predict an opportunity from previous experience. The variables used include; Disability, children under five, school children and the elderly, where this variable is a requirement of a family as PKH recipients with additional criteria classified as a poor family with variables of occupation, income and residence status. Then the variable data is processed in the R language to determine the prediction results on the eligibility of PKH recipient families. The results of this study can be used as benchmarks and help in the optimization of the PKH program, from the experiments conducted, the results obtained were two households with id Test24 and Test44 which had the status of a recipient that was predicted to be non- recipient, with an Accuracy of 96%, 100% Sensitivity, and Specivicity 92%.

HUBUNGAN PERAN FAMILY CAREGIVER TERHADAP QUALITAS HIDUP LANSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
RIANI PRADARA JATI ◽  
Sekar Farah Nabila
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family

  Penempatan peran yang baik bagi Family Caregiver sangatlah membantu lansia dalam meningkatkah qualitas hidupnya, meningkatkan motivasi dalam menjalankan hidup Penelitian ini bertujuan Mengetahui hubungan peran Family Caregiver dalam pemenuhan qualitas hidup bagi lansia di Kelurahan Langenharjo Kabupaten Kendal. DesainPenelitianDeskriptifKorelasional menggunakan pendekatan Krosectional,tehnikSamplingStratified Simple Random Sampling dengan karakteristik heterogen, dari populasi mempunyai hak yang sama untuk diseleksi sebagai sampel teknik undianPengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Uji statistik Chi-square, dengan taraf signifikasi 5%jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini 70 sampel pada Family Caregiver dari 213 populasi yang ada. Hasil penelitian dari 70 responden didapatkan Peran Family Caregiver tidak baik dengan qualitas hidup tidak baik 33 (47,1%), sedangkan Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik 3 (4,3%). Untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik sebanyak 6 responden (8,6%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver kurang baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik sebanyak 23 responden (32,9%). Terakhir, untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia tidak baik didapatkan hasil 2 responden (2, 9%) sedangkan untuk distribusi Peran Family Caregiver baik dengan qualitas hidup lansia baik didapatkan hasil 3 responden (4,3%)Menunjukkan nilai ρ value 0,001 (ρ < 0,05) berarti ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan lansia dalam keikutsertaan posyandu lansia. Disarankan kepada semua Family Cregiver lansia untuk mampu memahami pentingnya perhatian, dukungan bagi lansia dalammeningkatkan qualitas hidup yang lebih baik bagi lansia.   Kata kunci : Peran family caregiver, qualitas hidup, lansia.   ABSTRACT Placement of a good role for Family Caregiver is very helpful for the elderly to improve their quality of life, increase motivation in living life Research Objective: To know the relationship between the role of Family Caregiver in fulfilling quality of life for the elderly in Langenharjo Village, Kendal Regency. Descriptive Correlational Research Design uses a cross sectional approach, Sampling Stratified Simple Random Sampling technique with heterogeneous characteristics, from the population has the same right to be selected as a sample lottery technique Retrieving data using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Test Chi-square statistics, with a significance level of 5% the number of samples in this study 70 samples on the Family Caregiver from 213 populations. Results of the Study Of 70 respondents found the role of Family Caregiver was not good with poor quality of life 33 (47.1%) , while the role of the Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of a good elderly 3 (4.3%). For the distribution of the role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of the poor family as many as 6 respondents (8.6%) while for the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver is not good with the quality of life of good elderly as many as 23 respondents (32.9%). Finally, the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the poor is obtained by 2 respondents (2, 9%), while the distribution of the Role of Family Caregiver with good quality of life for the elderly is obtained by 3 respondents (4.3%). 0.001 (ρ <0.05) means that there is a relationship between family support and the compliance of the elderly in the participation of the elderly posyandu. It is recommended to all elderly Cregiver families to be able to understand the importance of attention, support for the elderly in improving the quality of life better for the elderly   Keywords: Role of Family Caregiver, Quality of Life, Elderly

TINJAUAN HUKUM FIKIH TERHADAP HADIAH TABUNGAN DAN GIRO DARI BANK SYARI'AH

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadratuzzaman Hosen ◽  
Deden Misbahudin Muayyad
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Gift ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law

This article explains about the Islamic law of gift from Bank to customers related to saving and gyro accounts of Islamic Bank. The Islamic Banks give gift directly  and  indirectly  to  new  ettstomers  and  old  customers  through drawing  (qur'ah) or lottery and non-drawing. There are disputes (ikhtilaf) among Islamic Law  Experts (Fuqaha’) about the status of law when Islamic Banks give the gift. Hanafi and  Syafi'i  Schools  of thought  opined  that  the gift  can  be given  to  the customers as long as there is no agreement between bank and costomers meanwhile the banks still have a debt to consumers, this is permissible. Maliki and Hanbali schools opined that the gift is not permissible during the time of borrowing and lending. Majority Islamic Exsperts allow to give gift after banks have already paid­ back the debt to consumers as long as there is no agreement between bank and cusiomers, but Maliki School do not allow lo give gift at that condition. Also, for giving gift should free from gambling or elements of gambling (muqamarah).  The method of this article is using literature reviews from classical Islamic Law's books and contemporary Islamic law's books related to drawing or lottery and gambling, meanwhile the aims if this mticle are to investigate the law status if gift from bank to new customers and old customers with direct and indirect ways.   Keywords : gift, saving and gyro accounts, disputes, drawing and elements of gambling

Mobility Stopped in Its Tracks

Transfers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine Coleborne
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Poor White ◽  
White Immigrants ◽  
The Many ◽  
Interpretive Framework

This article examines the interpretive framework of “mobility” and how it might usefully be extended to the study of the Australasian colonial world of the nineteenth century, suggesting that social institutions reveal glimpses of (im)mobility. As the colonies became destinations for the many thousands of immigrants on the move, different forms of mobility were desired, including migration itself, or loathed, such as the itinerant lifestyles of vagrants. Specifically, the article examines mobility through brief accounts of the curtailed lives of the poor white immigrants of the period. The meanings of mobility were produced by immigrants' insanity, vagrancy, wandering, and their casual movement between, and reliance on, welfare and medical institutions. The regulation of these forms of mobility tells us more about the contemporary paradox of the co-constitution of mobility and stasis, as well as providing a more fluid understanding of mobility as a set of transfers between places and people.

Archaeologists and the Dead

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
International Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experience Effect

This volume addresses the relationship between archaeologists and the dead, through the many dimensions of their relationships: in the field (through practical and legal issues), in the lab (through their analysis and interpretation), and in their written, visual and exhibitionary practice--disseminated to a variety of academic and public audiences. Written from a variety of perspectives, its authors address the experience, effect, ethical considerations, and cultural politics of working with mortuary archaeology. Whilst some papers reflect institutional or organizational approaches, others are more personal in their view: creating exciting and frank insights into contemporary issues that have hitherto often remained "unspoken" among the discipline. Reframing funerary archaeologists as "death-workers" of a kind, the contributors reflect on their own experience to provide both guidance and inspiration to future practitioners, arguing strongly that we have a central role to play in engaging the public with themes of mortality and commemoration, through the lens of the past. Spurred by the recent debates in the UK, papers from Scandinavia, Austria, Italy, the US, and the mid-Atlantic, frame these issues within a much wider international context that highlights the importance of cultural and historical context in which this work takes place.

scholarly journals Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Pifarré i Arolas ◽  
Enrique Acosta ◽  
Guillem López-Casasnovas ◽  
Adeline Lo ◽  
Catia Nicodemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Excess Deaths

AbstractUnderstanding the mortality impact of COVID-19 requires not only counting the dead, but analyzing how premature the deaths are. We calculate years of life lost (YLL) across 81 countries due to COVID-19 attributable deaths, and also conduct an analysis based on estimated excess deaths. We find that over 20.5 million years of life have been lost to COVID-19 globally. As of January 6, 2021, YLL in heavily affected countries are 2–9 times the average seasonal influenza; three quarters of the YLL result from deaths in ages below 75 and almost a third from deaths below 55; and men have lost 45% more life years than women. The results confirm the large mortality impact of COVID-19 among the elderly. They also call for heightened awareness in devising policies that protect vulnerable demographics losing the largest number of life-years.

Answers and Questions: Evans-Pritchard On Nuer Religion

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Logical Consistency ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Catholic Church

AbstractIf my discernment of the thought that underlies his study of Nuer religion is not entirely misconstrued, then one can assert a logical consistency between Collingwood's methodology for history and Evans-Pritchard's for ethnography. It is worthwhile, in that light, to consider the fact that "at one time Evans-Pritchard contemplated writing Collingwood's biography" (Beidelman 1974:559). One commentator, (Kuper 1980:118) typifies this methodology as "postwar idealism" and suggests that the major works he published in the later decades of his presence at Oxford demonstrate the "sterility" of his methodology and theory. Still others have hinted that his entry into the Catholic Church was later reflected in his depiction of Nuer religous life. These are remarkable assertions, when one takes the time to reflect on the many ways in which his own approach and writings have so profoundly influenced the direction of anthropological enquiry in his own country and abroad. The fact is, one can no longer write ethnography in lieu of a solid understanding of the historical circumstances which have resulted in the contemporary 'ethnographic present'. At the same time, practitioners of the discipline have addressed from almost every angle the proposition that all ethnography is indeed a good part confession-that we write what we are able to see. That is precisely the quality of the work that will guarantee the status of Nuer religion as a classic. The methods of history and anthropology can only become more similar. Anyone who holds an absence of definition or presumed repugnance toward theory as criticisms of his contributions, has truly lost the forest for the trees. It is all the more remarkable that his methodological and theoretical advances in the anthropological study of religion are to be found not in his answers, but in the questions he raised.10

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