scholarly journals Studies on bioavailability of iron from fe-fortified commercial edible mushroom Hypsizygusulmarius and standardization of its delivery system for human nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Meera Pandey ◽  
N K S Gowda ◽  
G C Satisha ◽  
Shamina Azeez ◽  
C Chandrashekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Iron Malnutrition

Iron is one of the most important micronutrients for human health. Iron deficient diet and defective iron absorption are among the major reasons for iron malnutrition. Mushrooms are edible fungi, which are a very good source of iron and can be easily grown on agricultural residues at-home scale, dehydrated, and stored in powder form, which can supplement the daily diet. Although mushrooms in general and oyster mushrooms, in particular, are a rich source of iron, yet, have not become a recommended diet by nutritionists due to lack of data pertaining to its bioavailability from mushrooms. Data has been generated in the present study on the in vitro bioavailability of iron from non-fortified and iron-fortified Hypsizygus ulmarius, which is a commercially grown species. This is the first report pertaining to the bioavailability of iron from iron-fortified mushrooms. A delivery system for human nutrition was also standardized in the form of Arka Mushroom Fortified Rasam Powder using iron-fortified and non-fortified mushrooms, which can be used to mitigate iron malnutrition. The data generated in this study will help in providing application techniques to use mushrooms as a dietary source of iron in everyday diet to mitigate iron deficiency.

scholarly journals Gastrin-Deficient Mice Have Disturbed Hematopoiesis in Response to Iron Deficiency

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (8) ◽  
pp. 3062-3073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Kovac ◽  
Gregory J. Anderson ◽  
Warren S. Alexander ◽  
Arthur Shulkes ◽  
Graham S. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Iron Deficient

Gastrins are peptide hormones important for gastric acid secretion and growth of the gastrointestinal mucosa. We have previously demonstrated that ferric ions bind to gastrins, that the gastrin-ferric ion complex interacts with the iron transport protein transferrin in vitro, and that circulating gastrin concentrations positively correlate with transferrin saturation in vivo. Here we report the effect of long-term dietary iron modification on gastrin-deficient (Gas−/−) and hypergastrinemic cholecystokinin receptor 2-deficient (Cck2r−/−) mice, both of which have reduced basal gastric acid secretion. Iron homeostasis in both strains appeared normal unless the animals were challenged by iron deficiency. When fed an iron-deficient diet, Gas−/− mice, but not Cck2r−/−mice, developed severe anemia. In iron-deficient Gas−/−mice, massive splenomegaly was also apparent with an increased number of splenic megakaryocytes accompanied by thrombocytosis. The expression of the mRNA encoding the iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin, Hamp, was down-regulated in both Cck2r−/− and Gas−/−mice on a low-iron diet, but, interestingly, the reduction was greater in Cck2r−/− mice and smaller in Gas−/− mice than in the corresponding wild-type strains. These data suggest that gastrins play an important direct role, unrelated to their ability to stimulate acid secretion, in hematopoiesis under conditions of iron deficiency.

scholarly journals The distal location of the iron responsive region of the hepcidin promoter

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 3436-3437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Truksa ◽  
Pauline Lee ◽  
Hongfan Peng ◽  
Jonathan Flanagan ◽  
Ernest Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Firefly Luciferase Reporter ◽  
In Vitro Response ◽  
Distal Location

Abstract The response of hepcidin transcription to iron has been repeatedly documented in living mice, but it is difficult to demonstrate the response in ex vivo systems. We have hydrodynamically transfected mice with plasmid constructs composed of a murine hepcidin 1 promoter and fragments of the promoter fused to a firefly luciferase reporter. This method enabled us to quantitate the response of the hepcidin promoter to short-term feeding of a high-iron diet to mice that have been maintained on an iron-deficient diet. We show that the region of the promoter between 1.6 Kb and 1.8 Kb upstream from the start of translation is essential for the response to iron. The promoter region between −260 bp and −1.6 Kb is not essential for the iron responsiveness of hepcidin promoter. The iron-responsive region that we have mapped is the same region required for the in vitro response of HepG2 cells to stimulation with bone morphogenetic proteins and differs from the LPS/IL-6 responsive area.

scholarly journals Metabolic Abnormalities of Erythrocytes in Severe Iron Deficiency

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT T. CARD ◽  
LEWIS R. WEINTRAUB
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Millipore Filters

Abstract Severe iron deficiency was induced in rabbits by repeated phlebotomy and maintenance on an iron-deficient diet. Erythrocytes from these animals were studied at periods of 2-10 wk following the cessation of bloodletting and were found to have a shortened survival in vivo by the 51Cr technique. These cells were found to be more susceptible than normal cells to lysis during sterile 24-hr incubation in glucose-free balanced salt solution. The severely iron deficient erythrocyte also demonstrated an increased susceptibility to sulfhydryl inhibitors in vitro. Iron-deficient erythrocytes, despite their smaller volume, were found to have an impaired ability to filter through 5-µ Millipore filters. These studies suggest the following pathogenesis for the hemolysis seen in severe iron deficiency. The abnormal plasticity may lead to excessive trapping of these cells by the spleen and reticuloendothelial cells. Within this environment these metabolically abnormal cells are exposed to hostile conditions of stasis and glucose deprivation, which may then enhance their lysis.

Edible Mushrooms: Novel Medicinal Agents to Combat Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 4970-4981
Author(s):  
Yu-Tang Tung ◽  
Chun-Hsu Pan ◽  
Yi-Wen Chien ◽  
Hui-Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Metabolic syndrome is an aggregation of conditions and associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Edible mushrooms are widely consumed in many countries and are valuable components of the diet because of their attractive taste, aroma, and nutritional value. Medicinal mushrooms are higher fungi with additional nutraceutical attributes having low-fat content and a transisomer of unsaturated fatty acids along with high fiber content, biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides or polysaccharide β-glucans, alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols and terpenoids. In vitro experiments, animal models, and even human studies have demonstrated not only fresh edible mushroom but also mushroom extract that has great therapeutic applications in human health as they possess many properties such as antiobesity, cardioprotective and anti-diabetic effect. They are considered as the unmatched source of healthy foods and drugs. The focus of this report was to provide a concise and complete review of the novel medicinal properties of fresh or dry mushroom and extracts, fruiting body or mycelium and its extracts, fiber, polysaccharides, beta-glucan, triterpenes, fucoidan, ergothioneine from edible mushrooms that may help to prevent or treat metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.

A Novel Intravaginal Delivery System for Itraconazole: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dobaria ◽  
R. Mashru ◽  
A. Badhan ◽  
A. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Intravaginal Delivery

a Novel Combinational Nanodrug Delivery System Induces Synergistic Inhibition of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Fan ◽  
Jiping Li
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Nanodrug Delivery ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line ◽  
M Phase

Background: The combination of two or more therapeutic drugs is an attractive approach to improve the treatment of experimental tumors. Leveraging nanocarriers for combinational drug delivery can allow a control over drug biological fate and promote co-localization in the same area of the body. However, there are certain concerns regarding the biodegradability and potential long-term toxicity arising from these synthetic nanoscale carriers. Objective: Our aim was to develop a combinational nanodrug delivery system formed by self-assembling of amphiphilic drug molecules，minimizing potential toxicities associated with using additional synthetic nanocarriers. Methods: A novel prodrug chlorambucil gemcitabine conjugate was synthesized, this prodrug was used for the encapsulation of an additional hydrophobic anticancer drug paclitaxel, taking the form of combinational nanodrugs. Particle size and zeta potential were evaluated, cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis/cell cycle analysis were also performed to validate the anticancer efficacy of the combinational nanodrugs. Results: The combinational nanodrugs were acquired by means of nanoprecipitation. In A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line, cellular assays revealed that co-delivery of low dosage paclitaxel with chlorambucil gemcitabine conjugate can act synergistically to inhibit cell growth and induce accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase with a concomitant decrease in G0/G1 compartment. Conclusion: Chlorambucil gemcitabine conjugate and paclitaxel can co-assemble into composite nanoparticles by a nanoprecipitation process and the resulting combinational nanodrugs showed synergistic anticancer effect. This synthetic nanocarrier-free approach might broaden the nanodrug concept and have potential in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Development of Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Microemulsion as a Prospective Ophthalmic Delivery System for Treatment of Uveitis: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Alaa Mahran ◽  
Sayed Ismail ◽  
Ayat A. Allam
Keyword(s):  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Subconjunctival Injection ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ophthalmic Delivery

Treatment of uveitis (i.e., inflammation of the uvea) is challenging due to lack of convenient ophthalmic dosage forms. This work is aimed to determine the efficiency of triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-loaded microemulsion as an ophthalmic delivery system for the treatment of uveitis. Water titration method was used to construct different pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Twelve microemulsion formulations were prepared using oleic acid, Cremophor EL, and propylene glycol. Among all tested formulations, Formulation F3, composed of oil: surfactant-co-surfactant (1:1): water (15:35:50% w/w, respectively), was found to be stable and showed acceptable pH, viscosity, conductivity, droplet size (211 ± 1.4 nm), and zeta potential (−25 ± 1.7 mV) and almost complete in vitro drug release within 24 h. The in vivo performance of the optimized formulation was evaluated in experimentally uveitis-induced rabbit model and compared with a commercial TA suspension (i.e., Kenacort®-A) either topically or by subconjunctival injection. Ocular inflammation was evaluated by clinical examination, white blood cell count, protein content measurement, and histopathological examination. The developed TA-loaded microemulsion showed superior therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of uveitis with high patient compliance compared to commercial suspension. Hence, it could be considered as a potential ocular treatment option in controlling of uveitis.

scholarly journals Design and In Vitro Study of a Dual Drug-Loaded Delivery System Produced by Electrospinning for the Treatment of Acute Injuries of the Central Nervous System

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Luisa Stella Dolci ◽  
Rosaria Carmela Perone ◽  
Roberto Di Gesù ◽  
Mallesh Kurakula ◽  
Chiara Gualandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Dual Drug

Vascular and traumatic injuries of the central nervous system are recognized as global health priorities. A polypharmacology approach that is able to simultaneously target several injury factors by the combination of agents having synergistic effects appears to be promising. Herein, we designed a polymeric delivery system loaded with two drugs, ibuprofen (Ibu) and thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) to in vitro release the suitable amount of the anti-inflammation and the remyelination drug. As a production method, electrospinning technology was used. First, Ibu-loaded micro (diameter circa 0.95–1.20 µm) and nano (diameter circa 0.70 µm) fibers were produced using poly(l-lactide) PLLA and PLGA with different lactide/glycolide ratios (50:50, 75:25, and 85:15) to select the most suitable polymer and fiber diameter. Based on the in vitro release results and in-house knowledge, PLLA nanofibers (mean diameter = 580 ± 120 nm) loaded with both Ibu and T3 were then successfully produced by a co-axial electrospinning technique. The in vitro release studies demonstrated that the final Ibu/T3 PLLA system extended the release of both drugs for 14 days, providing the target sustained release. Finally, studies in cell cultures (RAW macrophages and neural stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells—OPCs) demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and promyelinating efficacy of the dual drug-loaded delivery platform.

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