The formation of the church social protection system in the second half of the XIX century: the merit pension fund of the Kursk diocese

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
I.V. Zaloga
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Church

PRZEŚLADOWANIA KOŚCIOŁA KATOLICKIEGO NA ZIEMIACH POLSKICH W DOBIE POWSTANIA STYCZNIOWEGO W ŚWIETLE RAPORTU KONSULATU FRANCJI W WARSZAWIE Z 1869 ROKU

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-88
Author(s):  
Jacek Wojda
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Church And Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Difficult Position ◽  
Apostolic See ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

Seventieth of XIX century were very hard time for Catholic Church in Polish Kingdom. Mainreason was aim for independency in Poles’ hearts. Deeply connected with polish nation, Churchsuffered because of Tsar’ political repression. Although different stages of its history are not closelyconnected with post uprising’s repressions.Report of French General Consulate in Warsaw bearing a date 1869 stress accent on samekind of the Catholic Church persecutions, which were undertaken against bishops and dioceseadministrators, and some of them were died during deportation on Siberia, north or south Russia.Hierarchy was put in a difficult position. They had to choose or to subordinate so called Rome CatholicSpiritual Council in Petersburg or stay by the Apostolic See side. Bishop Konstanty Łubieński isacknowledged as the first Victim of that repressions.Outlook upon history of persecutions, which is presented, shows not only Church but pointsout harmful consequences Russia’s politics in the Church and society of the Polish Kingdom. Citedarchival source lets us know way of looking and analysing history during 1861−1869 by Frenchdiplomats.

scholarly journals Renta básica y Constitución en el Estado Social alemán (De la renta básica universal a la renta básica colectiva)

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-242
Author(s):  
Janire MIMENTZA MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Security System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Precarious Jobs

LABURPENA: Gaur egun, enplegu prekarioek ez dute gutxieneko bizitza ziurtatzen, eta etorkizunerako «lana amaitzea» aurreikusten da. Gainera, ongizate sistemen akatsen eta mugen aurrean, beharrezkoa da gizarte-babeserako sistema berraztertzea: oinarrizko errenta unibertsala aukera popularrena dela dirudi. Oinarrizko errenta gizarte-erreformaren ideiarekin bat etortzen den arren, ikerketa honen pertzepzioak aurrerapen txikien politika gidatu behar dela ezartzea du, azken batean, Gizarte Segurantzako sistema bateratze partzial bat lortuz, eta ez bera desegitea. Gaur egun, ezaugarri hauei dagozkien adibideak daude, gizarteko talde zehatzetarako (esate baterako, alemaniar adingabekoei) oinarrizko errenta bat ematen zaie. Zalantzarik gabe, adibide hau aurrerapauso handi bat da, pentsioetan belaunaldien banaketaren sistema eredua jarraitzen duten ordenamendu guztien eredu —beraien artean espainola— izan daitekeelako. ABSTRACT: At present, the precarious jobs do not assure the subsistence level, and the future forecasts «the end of work». In addition, because of the defects and limits of the welfare systems, a rethinking of the social protection system is necessary: universal basic income seems to be the most popular option. Although the basic income is usually based on the idea of social reform, the perception of this study is that its implementation should be guided by a policy of small advances, which ultimately make possible a partial reform of the Social Security system, not its dismantling. There are currently examples with these characteristics, for specific groups (e.g. minors in Germany) to which a basic income is being granted. Without a doubt, it is a big step in that direction, which can serve as a model to be followed by all legal systems —among them Spanish one— that follow a system of generational distribution (pay-as-you-go system) in pensions. RESUMEN: En la actualidad, los empleos precarios no aseguran el mínimo vital, y para el futuro se pronostica el «fin del trabajo». Además, ante los defectos y límites de los sistemas asistenciales es necesario un replanteamiento del sistema de protección social: la renta básica universal parece ser la opción más popular. Aunque normalmente la RB se basa en la idea de una reforma social, la percepción de este estudio es que su implementación debe ir dirigida por una política de pequeños avances, que al final posibiliten una reforma parcial del sistema de Seguridad Social, no su desmantelamiento. Existen en la actualidad ejemplos con estas características, para colectivos específicos (ej. menores en Alemania) a los que —en la práctica— se les está otorgando una RB. Sin duda, es un gran paso en esa dirección, que puede servir como modelo a seguir por los ordenamientos jurídicos —entre ellos el español— que siguen un sistema de reparto generacional en pensiones.

scholarly journals Początki i rozwój kościelnego sądownictwa w Polsce na podstawie generalnego i okręgowych oficjalatów diecezji włocławskiej

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Janusz Gręźlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Court System ◽  
Administrative Division ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Church

Ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Poland is a subject that has not been well studied. This article attempts to approach the beginnings and development of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Poland by examples of the general and regional Włocławek Church official’s offices. At the beginning of the Church in Poland the bishops personally hed jurisdiction or they benefited from the help of priests that held a position closest to them that is archdeacons. The evolution of jurisdiction at the end of the XII century, as well as the insurance of an efficient court system in the Church, caused the Bishops to appoint steody judges. As even further impact on the development of jurisdiction in the Polish Church was caused by the IV constitution of Innocent Romana Ecclesia, from 1246, which specified the legal status and the competence of an official. The need for an efficient court system that in addition to the general official who hed his tribunal, the consistory, caused the bishops to also appointed Foral officials for a specified part of the dioecese and for certain categories of matters. These Foral officials had their own offices called Foral consistories or regional consistories. The largest diocese of Cracow and Gniezno had the most extent network of Church official’s offices. The diocese of Włocławek can be indudet as one of the leading diocese in the area of ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The general Church official’s office in Włocławek was established most probably as early as in the XIII century but archival records start in 1422. The Włocławek diocese, as the first in Poland, had a regional Pomeranian Church official’s office as early as 1289. Other dioceses established regional Church official’s offices as late as the end of the XIV century. The liquidation of regional Church official’s offices occurred in the beginning of the XIX century and from that time only general Church official’s offices functioned in the capitol of the diocese. This was a result of a reorganization of the administrative division of the Church in Poland that took place in 1925.

scholarly journals Church Murals Based on G. G. Gagarin’s Sketches and an Appeal to the «Builders of Russian Сhurches»

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Инесса Николаевна Слюнькова
Keyword(s):  
Vice President ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Teaching Artists ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
Church Art ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

Статья посвящена русскому религиозному искусству второй половины XIX в., вопросам смены художественных формаций от классицизма к историзму и византийскому стилю. Объектом исследования становится творческое наследие вице-президента Императорской Академии художеств князя Г. Г. Гагарина. Предпринята попытка раскрыть его теоретические взгляды на иконографию евангельской темы в украшении храмов, на методы обучения художников, на будущее русского церковного искусства. Рассматриваются авторские проекты Г. Г. Гагарина по убранству и росписям храмов в византийском стиле: Сионский собор в Тбилиси, церковь Мариинского дворца в Санкт-Петербурге, церкви в имении Ореанда в Крыму и селе Сучки на Волге. Часть представленных проектов публикуется впервые. The article is devoted to Russian religious art of the second half of XIX century. It answers some questions of changing artistic formations from classicism to historicism and the Byzantine style. The object of the research is the creative heritage of the vice-president of the Imperial Academy of Arts, Prince G. G. Gagarin. An attempt was made to reveal his theoretical views on the iconography of the gospel theme in decorating churches, on the methods of teaching artists, and on the future of Russian church art. There are some G. G. Gagarin’s projects on church murals in the Byzantine style such as the Zion Cathedral in Tbilisi, the church of the Mariinsky Palace in St. Petersburg, the churches in the Oreanda estate in the Crimea and the village of Suchki on the Volga. Some of the submitted projects are firstly published.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Ireland

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Mel Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This chapter focuses on the link between migration and social protection in Ireland. The chapter has two main goals. First, it presents the general legal framework regulating the social protection system in Ireland, paying particular attention to any potential differences in terms of conditions of access to social benefits between national residents, non-national residents, and non-resident nationals. Secondly, the chapter discusses how these different groups of individuals access social benefits across five policy areas: unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relationship between migration and social protection policy.

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