scholarly journals PERANCANGAN ALAT PENURUN EMISI GAS KARBONMONOKSIDA MENGGUNAKAN MATERIAL TEMBAGA SEBAGAI KATALISATOR PADA MOTOR HONDA BEAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-385
Author(s):  
Amin Dwi Prasetyo ◽  
Erma Yuniati
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Converter

Emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor menyumbang 60-70% pencemaran udara di Indonesia. Salah satu gas berbahaya yang terkandung didalam gas buang kendaraan bermotor adalah gas karbon monoksida (CO). Emisi gas karbon monoksida dapat dikurangi menggunakan teknologi Catalytic Converter, yaitu penambahan logam katalis yang berfungsi sebagai oksidator gas karbon monoksida (CO) sehingga dapat bereaksi menjadi gas karbon dioksida (CO2). Pada umumnya, logam katalis yang digunakan adalah platinum dan palladium. Penelitian sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa tembaga dapat digunakan sebagai logam katalis alternatif. Tembaga berbentuk plat segiempat disusun pada sebuah mur sehingga membentuk sebuah lapisan katalis. Lapisan katalis kemudian dimasukkan kedalam pipa stainless steel yang berfungsi sebagai wadah. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi 1 lapisan, 2 lapisan, 3 lapisan dan 4 lapisan. Emisi gas CO pada knalpot standar adalah 249.24 ppm. Emisi gas CO mengalami penurunan setelah pemasangan katalis tembaga. Emisi gas CO yang dihasilkan disetiap variasi lapisan secara berurutan adalah 235.10 ppm, 204.5 ppm, 176.67 ppm, 159.97 ppm. Semakin banyak lapisan katalis tembaga yang digunakan maka semakin besar luas permukaan (surface area) dari katalisator sehingga emisi gas CO yang dihasilkan semakin kecil. Katalisator dengan material tembaga dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi emisi gas karbon monoksida pada knalpot kendaraan.

scholarly journals Influence of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system on stainless steel durability

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Claudine Miraval ◽  
Saghi Saedlou ◽  
Romain Evrard ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Santacreu ◽  
Johan Leseux
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms

Stainless steel is largely used in the car exhaust market and will be applied now for truck and off-road vehicles. In that field of application, designs are more and more complex with the integration of a catalytic converter and particle filter, consequence of more and more severe diesel depollution regulations. In particular, due to the necessity of reducing NOx emission established by Euro 5 standard (2009), Euro 6 (2014) and American Tier 4 (2014), new equipment were developed for diesel vehicles (truck as well as car). The most promising technology is called Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and takes advantage of the reduction feature of ammonia (NH3) on NOx. As NH3 cannot be stored directly within the vehicle for safety reasons (toxicity & flammability of ammonia) urea in water solution was selected to initiate the reaction by means of a spraying nozzle. To get a better understanding of the involved hot corrosion mechanisms and afterward to improve material selection, a dedicated laboratory test was developed at Isbergues Research Center. The simulated test consists of spraying urea solution on cyclic heated stainless steel in a range from 200ºC to 600ºC. We evidenced a nitriding mechanism due to the urea decomposition on the surface of stainless steel at high temperature, and also the very different behaviours between austenitic and ferritic grades. The last one, in particular K41X (1.4509-441) and K33X (1.4513-molybdenum stabilized ferritic) grades show the best performance in particular when compared to the standard 304 austenitic grade. The paper will review the test set-up, the result obtained and will discuss the stainless steel grade selection for the SCR application.

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of mechanically retentive ceramic bracket base surfaces with a three-dimensional imaging system

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Young Kang ◽  
Sung-Hwan Choi ◽  
Jung-Yul Cha ◽  
Chung-Ju Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Base Surface ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Ceramic Brackets ◽  
Ceramic Bracket ◽  
Bracket Base

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the three-dimensional structural features of three types of mechanically retentive ceramic bracket bases. Materials and Methods: One type of stainless steel (MicroArch, Tomy, Tokyo, Japan) and three types of ceramic maxillary right central incisor brackets—Crystaline MB (Tomy), INVU (TP Orthodontics, La Porte, Ind), and Inspire Ice (Ormco, Glendora, Calif)—were tested to compare and quantitatively analyze differences in the surface features of each ceramic bracket base using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a three-dimensional (3D) optical surface profiler, and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). One-way analysis of variance was used to find differences in bracket base surface roughness values and surface areas between groups according to base designs. Tukey's honestly significant differences tests were used for post hoc comparisons. Results: SEM revealed that each bracket exhibited a unique surface texture (MicroArch, double mesh; Crystaline MB, irregular; INVU, single mesh; Inspire Ice, bead ball). With a 3D optical surface profiler, the stainless steel bracket showed significantly higher surface roughness values. Crystaline MB had significantly higher surface roughness values than Inspire Ice. Micro-CT demonstrated that stainless steel brackets showed significantly higher whole and unit bracket base surface areas. Among ceramic brackets, INVU showed significantly higher whole bracket base surface area, and Crystaline MB showed a significantly higher unit bracket base surface area than Inspire Ice. Conclusion: Irregular bracket surface features showed the highest surface roughness values and unit bracket base surface area among ceramic brackets, which contributes to increased mechanically retentive bracket bonding strength.

scholarly journals Synthesis of high surface area TiO2 coatings on stainless steel by electrophoretic deposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schiemann ◽  
Pierre Alphonse ◽  
Pierre-Louis Taberna
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Tio2 Coatings ◽  
Image Position

Abstract

scholarly journals Sintering Kinetics of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 316L Modified with Nanographite Particles with Highly Developed BET Specific Surface Area

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4569
Author(s):  
Barbara Kozub ◽  
Jan Kazior ◽  
Aneta Szewczyk-Nykiel
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Oxide Reduction ◽  
Sintering Kinetics ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area

The subject of this work was the study of processes occurring during sintering of water atomized AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel powder modified by the addition of graphite nanoparticles. The main purpose of the work was to determine the effect of modification of the AISI 316L stainless steel austenitic powder by the addition of graphite nanopowder on the sintering kinetics and oxide reduction mechanism. The phenomena occurring during the sintering process and oxide reduction mechanisms were subjected to detailed characterizations. Mixtures with two types of nanopowder with a high BET (measurement technique of the specific surface area of materials based on Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory) specific surface area of 350 and 400 m2/g and for comparison with graphite micropowder with a poorly developed BET specific surface area of 15 m2/g were tested. The conducted thermal analysis showed that the samples made of austenitic stainless steel doped with 0.2% and 0.3% by weight graphite nanopowder with a BET specific surface area of 400 m2/g, sintered best the oxide reduction reactions, with a more intensive participation of carbon, for these samples.

Computational Fluid Analysis on Catalytic Converter with More Surface Area Monolithic Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 7093-7107
Author(s):  
M. Sugavaneswaran ◽  
S. Saha ◽  
P. P. Kumar ◽  
G. S. Sharma ◽  
R. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Monolithic Structure

Catalytic converters are used to convert toxic gases into less toxic residues. Monolithic honeycomb structure coated with Noble metals as catalysts are used for this purpose.  Noble metals cause a redox reaction and put a check on the emission of toxic elements. Thus, increases in contact time with noble metals, lesser the emission. Hence the larger surface area is preferred in the monolithic structure of catalytic converter for coating Noble metals. This paper does a comparative study over a new monolithic structural design in place of the conventional honeycomb structure of the same dimensions with least weight and more contact area. Conventional used structure and proposed monolithic structure designs were simulated in ANSYS fluent software and the results are compared. The proposed design resulted in 9.23% increase of contact surface area and weight reduction of 64.18%. Exhaust flow analysis in terms of back pressure and exhaust temperature for the proposed structure are almost equivalent to the earlier design.  

NiO Development on FeCrAl Substrate for Catalytic Converter Using Ultrasonic and Nickel Electroplating Methods

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 1262-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwin Sebayang ◽  
Putrasari Yanuandri ◽  
Sulaiman B. Hasan ◽  
Pudji Untoro
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Irregular Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nickel Electroplating ◽  
Area Development

The irregular surface roughness morphology due to ultrasonic method was used approach for increasing the high surface area of substrate and catalyst. The purpose of this paper is to show the ultrasonic and nickel electroplating methods for NiO automotive catalyst development on FeCrAl substrate. The process began with pretreatment of FeCrAl using SiC and/or Al2O3 solution agitating by ultrasonic and followed with nickel electroplating. The oxidation test was conducted for developing the NiO. The physical morphology structure of the presence NiO on the FeCrAl substrate was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The cross sectional observation show the NiO catalyst completely existed on the FeCrAl. The ultrasonic method increases the irregular surface roughness morphology on FeCrAl substrate that influenced the homogeneous and stability of nickel electroplating and NiO surface area development.

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