scholarly journals The impact of human capital on innovative development of the region

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
M. V. Dorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
The Impact

The article provides an analytical assessment of the impact of human capital on the pace of economic development of the state. Human capital acts as a key production and social factor in the development of the economy. The main factors contributing to the development of human capital are identified: health care and education, culture and sports, social security.

scholarly journals Econometric models for estimating current and forecast values of the level of human capital development in the Russian economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Nina Baranova ◽  
Sergey Larin ◽  
Evgeny Khrustalyov
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Econometric Models ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Studies of factors of sustainable economic development in modern conditions are highly relevant for Russia due to the constant increase and tightening of sanctions restrictions. They have a negative impact on the introduction of innovative developments and economic growth, and reduce the competitiveness of Russian enterprises and their products on world markets. Human capital can become one of the key factors for countering sanctions restrictions, improving the efficiency of economic development and gaining additional competitive advantages for domestic enterprises and the economy as a whole. Assessing the impact of human capital on the sustainable development of the economy is difficult, since it is one of the specific forms of capital. When making appropriate measurements, economic scientists rely on a number of developed theoretical methods and practical tools that support them, which allow us to obtain fairly accurate values of the human capital development index (HDI) based on statistical data. First of all, this is the current UN methodology for calculating the HDI indicator, as well as modern software systems OriginPro-8.6 and Eviews-10.0, which have sufficiently advanced functionality for performing calculations. Russia today has all the necessary prerequisites and opportunities for progressive social and economic development. However, the formation of econometric models will help to timely determine the current and forecast values of the level of human capital development for individual enterprises, industries, and the country’s economy as a whole. This paper shows the practical application of the econometric tools of all the above approaches to obtain the calculated values of the HDI indicator for different time periods and different scenarios for the development of the Russian economy. The results obtained confirmed the high practical significance of the tools used and the acceptable accuracy of the calculations. However, the current and forecast values of the level of human capital development alone will not be able to ensure the effective development of the Russian economy. On the contrary, the effective use of human capital in the implementation of import substitution strategies and national projects will allow our country to become one of the world’s leading economic development countries.

scholarly journals Innovative Development in the Context of Complementarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (48) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
H. I. Rybak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Favourable Result ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Institutional Complementarity ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
The Impact

The peculiarities of innovative development in the interaction of economic and social components of the external and internal environment are studied on the basis of a complementary approach, namely the relationship between economic efficiency and social justice, their negative and positive impact on the quality of life and socio-economic development opportunities. As for complementary development, the idea of justice, which currently is an important factor in achieving European living standards and guaranteeing social-economic rights of a person and citizen, plays an important role in reforming all the spheres of public life, democratization of Ukrainian society, and providing Ukraine's integration into the European political and legal space. Complementarity research is becoming relevant at the present stage of global economic development, when the market situation is characterized by a fairly high rate of transformation, and innovation becomes the main competitive factor. The author considers the emergence of the complementarity concept in research works made in various areas (e.g., the concept of institutional complementarity), and also highlights the features of compensatory and supplemental complementarity. Unconditional following global examples without taking into account the state of real socio-economic and institutional structures in a certain state will not give a favourable result from implementing reforms and introducing innovations due to the lack of complementary connections. Therefore, the conditions for the emergence of new institutional changes and the impact of "social elevators" on social development in the long run are analyzed. The presence of complex unresolved problems in the development of our state actualizes the study of the complementary context of innovative development, aimed at rethinking the role of social justice in solving major economic problems. Due to a complementary approach, the economic system will be able to increase such features as adaptability and continuity by developing mechanisms of self-preservation, and will acquire systematic innovative development with a ripple effect.

INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY THROUGH THE CREATION OF AN INNOVATION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
A. L. Poltarykhin ◽  
◽  
M. A. Ponomarev ◽  
S. V. Nikolaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Creation

The article discusses increasing the competitiveness of the national economy based on the creation of an innovation system. One of the main factors in increasing competitiveness is the innovative development of economic entities. The lag in innovative development prevents the emergence of technological industries within the country and restrains the socio-economic development of the national economic system.

Gambling with the State: Land Titles and Personhood Rights among the Urban Poor in Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis MULYANI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
The State ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Land Titling ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Land Titles ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDue to the pressures of urbanization, the urban poor often find themselves trapped in illegal settlements and informal employment. As housing is not affordable and formal employment is inaccessible to them because of their lack of education and skills, they live a precarious existence with insecure land tenure and employment. Discriminated against by the state on the grounds of their illegal status, the urban poor are unable to establish their identity and personhood rights as urban citizens, and so cannot access basic rights such as health care and social security. This article is based on fieldwork in Surakarta in Indonesia which studied the impact of a land-titling programme in an area previously characterized by informal tenure. It finds that the legitimation provided by land titles had a significant impact upon the lives of the residents, enabling them to access other personhood rights.

The colonial exports pattern, institutions and current economic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania El Kallab ◽  
Cristina Terra
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
French Colonies ◽  
Colonial Institutions ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper explores the role of colonial heritage on long-term economic development from a resource-curse perspective. The authors investigate the impact of colonial exports on long-term economic development through two channels: (1) a direct impact of the economic dependency on natural resources and (2) an indirect impact via its effect on colonial institutions, which persisted over time and influenced current economic development.Design/methodology/approachTo address this issue, the authors use an original data set on French bilateral trade from 1880 to 1912. The authors use partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in the empirical analysis, so that the authors are able to construct latent variables (LVs) for variables that are not directly observable, such as the quality of institutions.FindingsThe authors find that exports of primary goods to France had a negative impact on colonial institutions and that for French colonies, this impact was driven by minerals exports. Despite its impact on colonial institutions, exports of French colonies had no significant indirect impact on their current institutions. The authors find no significant direct impact of colonial trade on current development for French colonies. Finally, colonial exports of manufactured products had no significant impact on colonial institutions among French colonies and a positive impact among non-French ones.Research limitations/implicationsResearch implications regarding the findings of this paper are, namely, that the relative poor performance within French colonies today cannot be attributed to the extraction of raw materials a century ago. However, human capital and institutional development, instead of exports, are more relatively important for long-term growth. Some limitations in trying to determine the simultaneous relationship among colonial trade, institutions and economic performance are the relation between colonial trade and the extent of extraction from the colonizer, which is hard to quantify, as well as its precise mechanism.Practical implicationsSince the initial institutions set in those former colonies presented a strong persistence in the long run, their governments should focus now on building sound and inclusive political and economic institutions, as well as on investing in human capital in order to foster long-term growth. Once a comprehensive set of institutional and human resources are put in place, the quality and quantity of exports might create a positive spillover on the short-run growth.Social implicationsOne social implication that can be retrieved from this study is the ever-lasting effect of both human capital investment and introduction of inclusive political and economic institutions on the long-run impact of growth.Originality/valueThe paper uses an original primary data set from archival sources to explore the role of colonial heritage on long-term economic development from a resource-curse perspective. It applies a relatively new model partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) that allows the construction of LVs for variables that are not directly observable, as well as channeling the impact on growth through both direct and indirect channels. Finally, it allows for the simultaneous multigroup analysis across different colonial groups.

Patient Mobility in Times of Austerity: A Legal and Policy Analysis of the Petru Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Frischhut ◽  
Nick Fahy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Patient Mobility ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

The case-law of the Court of Justice (ecj ) on patient mobility was recently challenged by a ruling that a patient could go to Germany for treatment when facilities in Romanian hospitals were inadequate. Given the reported impact of austerity measures in the field of health care this raises the question; what is the impact of the ecj ’s ruling on how Member States can manage expenditure and limit outflows of patients and how should such measures be legally evaluated? The objective of this article is to analyse potential impact on health systems in the context of increasing pressure on public financing for health. While the ecj mainly referred to the requirement of treatment in due time, we also analyse possible austerity reductions of the basket of care against the background of eu law (i.e., ecj case-law, patient mobility directive, Charter of Fundamental rights and social security regulation).

scholarly journals Influence of tax burden on economic development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-162
Author(s):  
Oleg Odintsov ◽  
Tetiana Yevtukhova ◽  
Elina Vasylkonova ◽  
Valentyna Kunchenko-Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Impact

The condition of the effective development of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine is to increase the efficiency of using resource potential. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the main factors of the development, including the tax burden on the industry. Therefore, it is important to study the impact of the tax burden on the economic performance of the agricultural enterprises. The article deals with the improvement of the traditional two-factor production function of the Cobb-Douglas through the inclusion of the additional factors. The four-factorial production-institutional function of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine has been constructed allowing to calculate econometric parameters and to evaluate the functioning of the industry. The patterns of the interaction of tax burden and economic growth agricultural enterprises in Ukraine are revealed.  The calculated econometric parameters of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine made it possible to determine the tax loadings points Laffer's of the first and second orders, the productivity of each factor, and the phased replacement of one factor to another. It has been proved that optimizing the tax burden on agricultural enterprises makes it possible to direct the resource potential to increase the agricultural volumes production and increase tax revenues from the industry.

scholarly journals The Impact of Educational Technologies in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Goretti Cabaleiro-Cerviño ◽  
Carolina Vera
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Educational Technology ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technology In Higher Education

The formation of human capital is key to countries’ social, cultural and economic development. The current literature pays considerable attention to the ever-increasing proliferation of technology in the careers of college and graduate school. While the presence of educational technology in higher education offers multiple benefits, its implementation also presents challenges. The literature has considered multiple tools for improving learning processes. The results of such tools vary and are difficult to measure in terms of quality. In this document, we analyze the issues surrounding educational technology in higher education.

scholarly journals The impact of inflation in the human levels of poverty and its impact on the performance of human capital In Iraq, for the period 2010- 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rebar Fatah Mohammed ◽  
Ismail Aziz Asad ◽  
Abduallah Al-Dabash
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poor People ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrates the concept of poverty to deny the poor access to basic basket of goods consisting of food, clothing and housing, in addition to a minimum of other needs, such as health care, transportation and education .and human capital in Iraq suffers from poverty capacity that qualify to contribute to economic development. Research has adopted a hypothesis: that inflation lowers the value of the currency and thus raise the poverty line, which contributes to the increase in the number of poor in the country, which contributes to reducing the skills and abilities of young people to contribute to economic development . The research aims to study the effect of inflation in increasing the number of poor people in Iraq through the study of the impact of inflation and its impact on the poverty line on human capital in Iraq. The research has come to conclusions which: : The poverty line in Iraq, equivalent to about $ 100 a month, less than the rate of $ 2 per day, and this means that Iraq's poor live in deprivation and extreme poverty compared to poor African countries, non-oil, which constitutes the poverty line, up to $ 30-60 per month. The reasons for the high rates of inflation in Iraq due to the absence of a clearly . The spread of financial and administrative corruption, according to a report in the governance of the international organization which ranked Iraq the last state in transparency. Some styles of gatekeepers and decision-makers to adopt Gatekeepers  currency and pumped into the market or hard currency smuggling to neighboring countries . The research was presented proposals including: the development of macroeconomic policy include the ways and methods of reducing poverty in Iraq, and to benefit from the experiences of other countries such as Malaysia, Turkey and Singapore. Reduce the financial and administrative corruption through the dimensions of the corrupt and thieves for managerial positions and refer them to the courts . Open foreign direct investment in all areas of economic and service sectors to provide job opportunities contribute to the reduction of unemployment and poverty reduction.

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