scholarly journals Land use in a Subcarpathian Depression – Sălătrucel commune, Vâlcea County

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
ANA-MARIA ROANGHEȘ-MUREANU
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Current Structure ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Southern Carpathians

The use of the lands from Sălătrucel Commune located in the Jiblea – Berslăvești Depression, at the contact between the Southern Carpathians – Cozia Massif and the Vâlcea Subcarpathians, bears the characteristics of the physical-geographical particularities, especially those of the relief configuration with the specific lithological structure. The Jiblea – Berislăvești Depression was a favourable geographical area for early settlement, which also attracted important changes in the natural landscape reflected in the current structure of land use

Urbanization and Carbon Emissions in India and China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kala Seetharam Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
India And China

This article understands, from an empirical perspective, the determinants of carbon emissions, using internationally comparable data, and cross-national regressions for India and China. Next, it explores the relationship between urban land use regulations and carbon emissions in India’s cities. Urbanization has no impact on carbon emissions per capita or per unit of geographical area. Electricity consumption in China and electricity produced from coal in India have a positive effect on carbon emissions. GDP per capita has a positive effect in India and not so in China, but per capita GDP squared has a negative impact on emissions in both the countries. Does this imply that urbanization should be ignored in the two countries? The answer is no, because a city’s urban form, to which policy contributes, is correlated with carbon emissions. More suburbanized cities which sprawl more also emit more carbon. India’s land use regulations relating to building height restrictions are conservative, hence Indian cities sprawl, which lead to carbon emissions. Hence, the focus of urban policy has to be on the development of compact cities. The article concludes with caveats of the data.

scholarly journals Woodlot farming by smallholder farmers in Ganderbal district of Kashmir, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 752-759
Author(s):  
Azeem Raja ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
T. H. Masoodi ◽  
P. A. Khan ◽  
A. A. Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Growing Stock

Forest degradation and deforestation are serious threats to resource conservation, subsistence livelihoods and rural income diversification. Woodlot farming on farms has been established as a potential option to increase forest resources from agricultural landscapes and remove human pressure from forests. The study investigated the land-use and landholding pattern, woodlots types and species preference and extent of spatial distribution, land allocation and growing stock of woodlots in the Ganderbal district of Kashmir. Multistage random sampling technique was employed to select 349 farm woodlots from 12 sample villages. Secondary sources were used to collect village-level data on land-use and landholding pattern. Primary data concerning the trees were collected through farm woodlot inventories. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. Results revealed that the total land area in the sample villages is 888.60 ha; 521.60 ha (58.70%) is cultivated land, which is mostly (80.78%) occupied by 1244 marginal farmers. The prevalent woodlots established were plantations of Populus, Salix, Robinia or mixed species. The farm woodlots (61.59 ha) contributed 11.81% of cultivated land and 6.93% of the total geographical area. The average growing stocks of woodlots were estimated to be 204.05 m3/ha for Populus, 191.77 m3/ha for Salix, 109.51 m3/ha for Robinia and 62.31 m3/ha for Mixed. The findings suggested that woodlot farming is the key alternative for forest resource production, livelihood resilience and socioeconomic improvement; hence, the policy must be implicated towards the promotion of woodlot farming by re-orienting the land use through farmer’s motivation and technical, financial and farming input assistance.

scholarly journals Understanding Spatial and Temporal Change Patterns of Population in Urban Areas Using Mobile Phone Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Tianwen Liang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Zheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Eigen Decomposition

The wide application of information computing technology has allowed for the emergence of big data on tracing human activities. Therefore, it provides an opportunity to explore temporal profile of population changes in geographical area subdivisions. In this paper, we present a multi-step method to characterize and approximate temporal changes of population in a geographical area subdivision using eigen decomposition. Datasets in weekday and weekend are decomposed to obtain the principal temporal change profiles in Xiamen, China. The Principal Components are common patterns of temporal population changes shared by most geographical area subdivisions. Its corresponding elements in eigenvectors could be regard as a coefficient to principal components. Then, a measure, which is the similarity of each eigenvector to a basis vector, that could characterize the temporal population change is established. Based on this, the coupling interaction between population changes and land use characteristics is explored using this measure. It shows that it is restricted by land use characteristics and also is a reflection of population changes over time. These results provided an insight on understanding temporal population change patterns and it would help to improve urban planning and establish a job-housing balance.

Predation risk across a dynamic landscape: effects of anthropogenic land use, natural landscape features, and prey distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Lendrum ◽  
Joseph M. Northrup ◽  
Charles R. Anderson ◽  
Glen E. Liston ◽  
Cameron L. Aldridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Prey Distribution ◽  
Landscape Effects ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Anthropogenic Land Use

scholarly journals Land Use Guidelines to Maintain Habitat Diversity of Wood- Pastures in the Southern Carpathians Under Projected Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iona Stoicescu ◽  
Ileana Pătru-Stupariu ◽  
Constantina Alina Hossu ◽  
Alexander Peringer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wood Pasture ◽  
Habitat Mosaics ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Southern Carpathians

The biodiversity of wood-pastures depends on a balance between human interference and natural vegetation succession, which however is undergoing changes driven by socio-economic factors and climate change. Widely spread throughout Europe, wood-pastures were subject to either intensification or abandonment, leading to habitat segregation and loss. This is currently the fate of large Romanian remnant woodpastures and climate warming further complicates management adaptation.In a series of simulation experiments, we compared the long-term effects of different land use and climate change scenarios on the habitat diversity of a wood-pasture in the Southern Carpathians (Fundata village, Romania). We tested livestock densities according to management guidelines, complemented with shrub-cutting in order to maintain a structurally-diverse landscape with high habitat values in the light of climate change. We found that significant losses of open pastureland and inclusion into forest, as well as landscape structural simplification and loss of complex habitats can be expected from climate warming, with more severe consequences in a hotter climate perspective. We arguefor the re-establishment of the traditional multi-use of wood-pastures at optimum livestock densities in combination with low-intensity shrubcutting, because our study demonstrated that traditional practices offer a balanced compromise between agricultural use and maintaining habitat mosaics that are robust to climate change.

scholarly journals Główne kierunki oraz historyczne i krajobrazowe uwarunkowania przemian pokrycia terenu okolic Pińczowa w latach 1839–2000

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Maria Zachwatowicz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Use Patterns

The transformations of cultural landscapes are related to and result from environmental conditions and human impacts. The article describes the main directions of land cover changes in the vicinity of Pińczów in the years 1839–2000. The identified land use patterns were shown and discussed against the background of natural landscape characteristics, and anthropogenic influences associated with socio-political and economic situation of the region in the analyzed period.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing and GIS based Land Use Land Cover Analysis in Chandel District, Manipur, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 889 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
Ashangbam Inaoba Singh ◽  
Kanwarpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Barren Area ◽  
Landsat 7

Abstract Rapid urbanization has dramatically altered land use and land cover (LULC). The focus of this research is on the examination of the last two decades. The research was conducted in the Chandel district of Manipur, India. The LULC of Chandel (encompassing a 3313 km2 geographical area) was mapped using remotely sensed images from LANDSAT4-5, LANDSAT 7 ETM+, and LANDSAT 8 (OLI) to focus on spatial and temporal trends between years 2000 and 2021. The LULC maps with six major classifications viz., Thickly Vegetated Area (TVA), Sparsely Vegetated Area (SVA), Agriculture Area (AA), Population Area (PA), Water Bodies (WB), and Barren Area (BA) of the were generated using supervised classification approach. For the image classification procedure, interactive supervised classification is adopted to calculate the area percentage. The results interpreted that the TVA covers approximately 65% of the total mapped area in year 2002, which has been decreased up to 60% in 2007, 56% in 2011, 55 % in 2017, and 52% in 2021. The populated area also increases significantly in these two decades. The change and increase in the PA has been observed from year 2000 (8%) to 2021 (11%). Water Bodies remain same throughout the study period. Deforestation occurs as a result of the rapid rise of the population and the extension of the territory.

scholarly journals Size-class structure of the forests of Finland during 1921–2013: a recovery from centuries of exploitation, guided by forest policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-293
Author(s):  
Helena M. Henttonen ◽  
Pekka Nöjd ◽  
Susanne Suvanto ◽  
Juha Heikkinen ◽  
Harri Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Large Trees

AbstractFrequency distributions of tree diameters are a powerful tool for analyzing changes of tree populations in large areas. We analyzed the densities and mean volume estimates of trees in different size classes for the Finnish forests over the time-span of the National Forest Inventories (1921–2013). The results display a general increase in trees in all size classes, species group and geographical area, mainly after the 1970s. The densities of medium- and large-sized conifers showed large increases in the southern boreal subzone, spruces even more than pines. Small- to medium-sized pines have increased in the middle and northern boreal subzones. The shifts in growing stock are related to changing land use, resulting from the development of the society. The low quantities of both growing stock and large trees during the 1920s reflect a poor initial state of forests. Several land use forms of the former agriculture-based society were detrimental to forests, including slash and burn agriculture, cattle grazing and tar production. The pressure from alternative land use forms was stronger in southern Finland, where the population density (people per km2) is much higher. Between 1971 and 2013, the changes in size-class structure can be attributed mainly to intensified silviculture boosted by actions of the Finnish governments, including both legislation and financial support for management activities. Not only the development of growing stock has exceeded expectations, but the increase has also concentrated in the economically valuable trees in the large size classes.

scholarly journals Genus-Physiognomy-Ecosystem (GPE) System for Satellite-Based Classification of Plant Communities

Ecologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Ram C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Vegetation Mapping ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Area Of Interest

Vegetation mapping and monitoring is important as the composition and distribution of vegetation has been greatly influenced by land use change and the interaction of land use change and climate change. The purpose of vegetation mapping is to discover the extent and distribution of plant communities within a geographical area of interest. The paper introduces the Genus-Physiognomy-Ecosystem (GPE) system for the organization of plant communities from the perspective of satellite remote sensing. It was conceived for broadscale operational vegetation mapping by organizing plant communities according to shared genus and physiognomy/ecosystem inferences, and it offers an intermediate level between the physiognomy/ecosystem and dominant species for the organization of plant communities. A machine learning and cross-validation approach was employed by utilizing multi-temporal Landsat 8 satellite images on a regional scale for the classification of plant communities at three hierarchical levels: (i) physiognomy, (ii) GPE, and (iii) dominant species. The classification at the dominant species level showed many misclassifications and undermined its application for broadscale operational mapping, whereas the GPE system was able to lessen the complexities associated with the dominant species level classification while still being capable of distinguishing a wider variety of plant communities. The GPE system therefore provides an easy-to-understand approach for the operational mapping of plant communities, particularly on a broad scale.

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