Roman Ingarden’s Egology and Cartesianism

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-211
Author(s):  
Wojciech Starzyński
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ethical Experience

"The article focuses on the problem of egology in the thought of Roman Ingarden, a conception that offers a creative and critical response to Husserl’s egology and converges with the historical conception of the ego in Descartes. It analyses the problem in two stages based on two important texts by Ingarden: Controversy over the Existence of the World and Man and Time. Starting with reflections on the status of pure consciousness, Ingarden recognises the pure ego as something solely abstract compared with the worldly and irreducible real ego. From there his reflections on the ego move on to the problem of its substantiality, specific temporality as well as the role and experience of the body to finally produce a philosophy of existence with ethical and personalistic overtones. In this way Ingarden recreates the egological journey in Descartes, who, searching for the foundation of knowledge, identified subjectivity as the union of body and soul and saw its fulfilment in the ethical experience of generosity. Keywords: egology, ego, Cartesianism, Ingarden, Husserl, substantiality, temporality, human existence, realism. "

Diplomatic service of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Okladnaya ◽  
Ivan Yakovyuk ◽  
Victoria Dyadyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
External Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
European Diplomacy

Problem setting. Today the European Union interacts with the whole world and represents the interests and values of the European community far beyond one continent. Carrying out such activities provides for the existence of effective institutions for its implementation, which today are the European External Action Service and the European Uniondelegations around the world. It significantly differs from the classical manifestations of diplomacy, which determines the relevance of research into the establishment and development of the European Union diplomatic service. Moreover, understanding the process of formation and features of European Union diplomacy is interesting for domestic researchers of European Union law given the pro-European aspirations of Ukraine. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Certain aspects of this topic have been studied by suchdomesticscientistsas F. Baranovsky, M. Hnatyuk, O. Grinenko, O. Gladenko, M. Entin, O. Opanasyuk-Radlinska, E. Ryaboshtan, D. Tkachenko, O. Turchenko, Y.Sergienko, V. Streltsova, G. Utko, O. Fisun, V. Tsivaty, V. Shamraeva, O. Shapovalova, etc. Target of research is to research the basic preconditions and features of the establishment and development of the European Union diplomatic service and its functioning in today’s conditions. Article’s main body. The article is devoted to the study of the main prerequisites and features of the establishment and development of the diplomatic service of the European Union. The authors paid attention to the coverage of the status, competence and procedure for sending the first representations of the Communities abroad, in particular the delegations of the European Commission. The changes made by the Maastricht, Amsterdam and Lisbon treaties on foreign policy are analyzed as well. All the reforms implemented by these treaties were aimed primarily at making the European Union more effective and coordinated in the international arena, and finally resolved the issue of the institutionalization of the body that deals with the European Union diplomatic service. So now it has the status of the European External Action Service and successfully performs its functions in the current conditions. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The modern European Union diplomatic service is the result of a long process of formalization and institutionalization of a whole set of its foreign policy bodies. The development of the European Union representation system shows that the spread of its representative activities has become global, as well as the dynamic transformation of the content of its goals to interact with the world in order to implement its foreign policy. However, despite the current and rapid dynamics of development and evolution of this institution, the question remains whether the European External Action Service is the final option for the external design of the European Union diplomatic service, or whether it will be another step in the process of building pan-European diplomacy.

Maurice

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
Finn Fordham
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Homosexual Orientation ◽  
The World ◽  
Resonant Term ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Edward Carpenter

As a queer bildungsroman, Maurice has a particular way of managing the relation between the body and the soul. Forster's exploration of the queer relationship between body and soul took place at a time when there was a battle over the nature of the soul, often defensive against materialism: concepts of identity and selfhood were undergoing radical contestations and the word 'soul' is a resonant term in modernist novels. How did emerging discourses, such as those of Havelock Ellis, Edward Carpenter, and many others, about homosexual orientation relate to these contemporary discourses around the self? The chapter focuses on two passages about body and soul, whose textual genesis reveals problems of phrasing, as Forster’s unprecedented investigation of sexuality takes him to the edge of identity. It then examines how certain spaces, such as windows and thresholds, become symbolic zones of transgressive encounters between inner and outer, soul and body. It concludes by showing how Forster avoids drawing up any consistent ‘doctrine’ of body and soul. As a work of fiction in which different visions of the world come into conflict with each other, Maurice is a unique and vital witness of transforming discourses about homosexuality in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals O CORPO REENCONTRADO

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (129) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Xavier Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Gender Theory ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Philosophical Argumentation

O artigo denuncia a perda do verdadeiro sentido do corpo no dualismo e na falsa valoração do corpo, opondo-lhe a articulação de natureza, espírito e liberdade. O pensamento ocidental que faz vinte séculos se obstina em distinguir e em opor corpo e alma conduz ao intelectualismo de Descartes, reforçado pela relação tecnicista com o mundo, e a cisão sujeito-objeto que domina a modernidade. Mostra quatro exemplos, respectivamente no transumanismo, na gender theory, nas atuais representações da família e em certas formas de religiosidade. Em seguida apresenta uma abordagem filosófica, falando da contribuição da fenomenologia, da pertença a um corpo maior e, depois de resumir a argumentação filosófica, da tarefa de articular natureza e cultura. Apresenta também os argumentos de tipo teológico (criação, encarnação, antropologia ternária de corpo, alma e espírito...), culminando no mistério pascal e no critério ético significativamente corporal da parábola do juízo. ABSTRACT: The article denounces the loss of the true meaning of the body in the dualism and false valuation of the body, opposing his articulation of nature, spirit and freedom. The Western thought that is twenty centuries old is obstinate in distinguishing and in opposing body and soul leading to the intellectualism of Descartes, reinforced by the technical relationship with the world, and the subject-object Division that dominates modernity. The article shows four examples, respectively in the “transhumanism”, on gender theory, in the current representations of the family and in certain forms of religiosity. The article then presentes a philosophical approach, talking about the contribution of Phenomenology, of belonging to a larger body and, after summarizing the philosophical argumentation.

scholarly journals THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE CAMBRIDGE LAW JOURNAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (S1) ◽  
pp. S8-S32
Author(s):  
Lionel Bently
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages

This introductory essay reviews the history of the Journal, divided into two stages: the period from 1921 to 1953; and that from 1954 to today. It examines the changing institutional arrangements, personnel, as well as some of the highlights in the content of the Journal. If there is a theme, it is that the Journal was established by and developed its reputation because of the efforts of many of the outstanding scholars at Cambridge who over the decades offered the outputs of their talents to the Journal; and that the Journal has used that reputation more and more to attract the scholars outside Cambridge – indeed from all over the world. Whatever the aims of those who established the Cambridge Law Journal in 1921, and without much self-consciousness, the Journal incrementally acquired the status and practices of a learned journal. Finally, the essay reflects on the future, in particular the challenges of digitisation, open access and inclusivity.

scholarly journals What is Movement?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nikos C. Apostolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Temporal Perception ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatio Temporal

On the basis of their corporeity humans are not only beings of distance but also the beings of proximity, rooted beings, not only inner worldly but also beings in the world (Patocka, 1998)Over the centuries the dialectical confluence of metaphysics and epistemology has been at the forefront in the attempt to define the concept of what it is to be human and ultimately human existence. The union of several aspects conceived from these two opposite elements has been responsible for the genesis of numerous philosophical terms and ideas such as: rationalism, materialism, socialism and idealism. Although these terms reference something different, what is primarily at the core has been the endeavour to analyse and demonstrate that it is through man’s relationship with nature that one garners the understanding of self. Human consciousness in conjunction with a spatio-temporal perception, defined as movement through the time-space continuum, creates the condition where the possibility of defining the essence of existence may blossom. In this commentary, an effort is made to present movement, specifically its relationship to the “body” as the physical construct for the meaning of self.

scholarly journals Gurdjieff’s anthropology: the concept of conscious human evolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Igor Grekov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Spiritual Transformation ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Behavioral Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fourth Way

The main purpose of the article is the disclosure of the ideas of Gurdzhiyev’s anthropological doctrine in which the possibility of spiritual transformation of the person and his conscious evolution are emphasized. The author claims that in the conditions of dissociation of approaches and positions in the anthropological thought there is a need of appeal to the anthroposophic systems designed to fill onesidedness of such directions as psychoanalysis (in many respects absolutizing a role of unconscious processes), the behaviorism (concentrating on behavioral aspect of human existence), the existentialism (emphasizing hopelessness “abandonment of life in the world”). According to the author one of such systems is Gurdzhiyev’s system of conscious evolution of the person, the so-called “The Fourth Way” which is eligible for the status of the translater of the experience of Gnostic tradition in the 20th century.

Folk Beliefs about Soul and Mind: Cross-Cultural Comparison of Folk Intuitions about the Ontology of the Person

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 346-369
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Gut ◽  
Andrew Lambert ◽  
Oleg Gorbaniuk ◽  
Robert Mirski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
The Status ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Folk Intuitions

Abstract The present study addressed two related problems: The status of the concept of the soul in folk psychological conceptualizations across cultures, and the nature of mind-body dualism within Chinese folk psychology. We compared folk intuitions about three concepts – mind, body, and soul – among adults from China (N=257) and Poland (N=225). The questionnaire study comprised of questions about the functional and ontological nature of the three entities. The results show that the mind and soul are conceptualized differently in the two countries: The Chinese appear to think of the soul similarly to how they view the mind (importantly, they still seem to see it as separate from the body), while Poles differentiate it both in ontological and functional respects. The study provides important insights into cross-cultural differences in conceptualizing the soul as well as into the nature of Chinese mind-body dualism.

THE Theology of the Body

2018 ◽  
pp. 862-876
Author(s):  
José Granados
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Core ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Theology Of The Body ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Vision Of God

This chapter outlines and defends the theology of the body that has been developed following the famous series of Wednesday catecheses offered by Pope St John Paul II. The chapter emphasizes three themes at the heart of the Theology of the Body. First, a vision, following Gaudium et Spes 22 that places Christ and the Incarnation at the core of the interpretation of humanity and society. Second, a vision of the human body that makes it possible to describe human existence in the light of love and to recover the theological significance of the notion of ‘experience’. Third, a corresponding anthropology of love that offers the key to the Christian vision of God, humanity, and the world; this anthropology of love is centred in the family relationships, as the privileged place where God reveals himself.

PHARMACY FOR THE BODY AND SOUL: DUTCH SONGBOOKS IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 217-286
Author(s):  
Natascha Veldhorst
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Century ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Josquin Des Prez ◽  
Adrian Willaert ◽  
The World ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Body And Soul

Mention sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Dutch vocal music and the knowledgeable music lover usually thinks immediately of the brilliant polyphonic creations of famous Flemish masters like Josquin des Prez, Adrian Willaert and Orlande de Lassus. And they did indeed write compositions that still appeal to the imagination. Take Josquin’s polyphonic, chirping El Grillo, a relatively simple but effective piece that can entice even the most a-musical twenty-first-century student into the world of the Renaissance. Those familiar with the Baroque will recall Jan Pietersz Sweelinck, the organist of the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam and a composer of bewitching instrumental and vocal music, including his four books of polyphonic Pseaumes de David (1604–21) to the texts of Clément Marot and Theodore Bèze, which are still being performed regularly. Perhaps, too, the French, Latin and Italian arias by Constantijn Huygens from his Pathodia sacra et profana (1647). But it is then that the singing seems to stop in the Low Countries. The names of the composers, at least, are barely known beyond our borders.

Les Caves Du Vatican and Bergson's Le Rire

PMLA ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-335
Author(s):  
John Keith Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Body And Soul

An analysis of Les Caves in terms of Le Rire reveals the nature of Gidian comedy, at the same time establishing an affinity between Bergson and Gide. Bergson's thesis is that comedy springs from the conflict between mechanical and living, body and soul, inanimate and animate. Even wordplay and farce find a place in this context. The presentation of comedy requires detachment on the part of the author, an effect which Gide successfully achieves in this novel. Comedy criticises hypocrisy, whether it be social or individual. Gide criticises forms of hypocrisy arising from inadequate awareness of immediate exigencies. Amédée, central to the theme of comic conflict, is central to the action and structure of Les Caves. Anthime reveals the aspirations of the soul in comic conflict with the limitations of the body. Protos manipulates social groups and individuals mechanically but cannot escape the consequences of the game he has initiated. Lafcadio, desiring spontaneity, in conflict with the logical Julius, lives out an inconsequential dream. For both authors the contradictions of the world of dreams reveal parallels with the world of comedy.

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