Les Caves Du Vatican and Bergson's Le Rire

PMLA ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-335
Author(s):  
John Keith Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Body And Soul

An analysis of Les Caves in terms of Le Rire reveals the nature of Gidian comedy, at the same time establishing an affinity between Bergson and Gide. Bergson's thesis is that comedy springs from the conflict between mechanical and living, body and soul, inanimate and animate. Even wordplay and farce find a place in this context. The presentation of comedy requires detachment on the part of the author, an effect which Gide successfully achieves in this novel. Comedy criticises hypocrisy, whether it be social or individual. Gide criticises forms of hypocrisy arising from inadequate awareness of immediate exigencies. Amédée, central to the theme of comic conflict, is central to the action and structure of Les Caves. Anthime reveals the aspirations of the soul in comic conflict with the limitations of the body. Protos manipulates social groups and individuals mechanically but cannot escape the consequences of the game he has initiated. Lafcadio, desiring spontaneity, in conflict with the logical Julius, lives out an inconsequential dream. For both authors the contradictions of the world of dreams reveal parallels with the world of comedy.

Maurice

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
Finn Fordham
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Homosexual Orientation ◽  
The World ◽  
Resonant Term ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Edward Carpenter

As a queer bildungsroman, Maurice has a particular way of managing the relation between the body and the soul. Forster's exploration of the queer relationship between body and soul took place at a time when there was a battle over the nature of the soul, often defensive against materialism: concepts of identity and selfhood were undergoing radical contestations and the word 'soul' is a resonant term in modernist novels. How did emerging discourses, such as those of Havelock Ellis, Edward Carpenter, and many others, about homosexual orientation relate to these contemporary discourses around the self? The chapter focuses on two passages about body and soul, whose textual genesis reveals problems of phrasing, as Forster’s unprecedented investigation of sexuality takes him to the edge of identity. It then examines how certain spaces, such as windows and thresholds, become symbolic zones of transgressive encounters between inner and outer, soul and body. It concludes by showing how Forster avoids drawing up any consistent ‘doctrine’ of body and soul. As a work of fiction in which different visions of the world come into conflict with each other, Maurice is a unique and vital witness of transforming discourses about homosexuality in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals O CORPO REENCONTRADO

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (129) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Xavier Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Gender Theory ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Philosophical Argumentation

O artigo denuncia a perda do verdadeiro sentido do corpo no dualismo e na falsa valoração do corpo, opondo-lhe a articulação de natureza, espírito e liberdade. O pensamento ocidental que faz vinte séculos se obstina em distinguir e em opor corpo e alma conduz ao intelectualismo de Descartes, reforçado pela relação tecnicista com o mundo, e a cisão sujeito-objeto que domina a modernidade. Mostra quatro exemplos, respectivamente no transumanismo, na gender theory, nas atuais representações da família e em certas formas de religiosidade. Em seguida apresenta uma abordagem filosófica, falando da contribuição da fenomenologia, da pertença a um corpo maior e, depois de resumir a argumentação filosófica, da tarefa de articular natureza e cultura. Apresenta também os argumentos de tipo teológico (criação, encarnação, antropologia ternária de corpo, alma e espírito...), culminando no mistério pascal e no critério ético significativamente corporal da parábola do juízo. ABSTRACT: The article denounces the loss of the true meaning of the body in the dualism and false valuation of the body, opposing his articulation of nature, spirit and freedom. The Western thought that is twenty centuries old is obstinate in distinguishing and in opposing body and soul leading to the intellectualism of Descartes, reinforced by the technical relationship with the world, and the subject-object Division that dominates modernity. The article shows four examples, respectively in the “transhumanism”, on gender theory, in the current representations of the family and in certain forms of religiosity. The article then presentes a philosophical approach, talking about the contribution of Phenomenology, of belonging to a larger body and, after summarizing the philosophical argumentation.

scholarly journals Weaponization of the body and politicization of death

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siamak Movahedi
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Social Event ◽  
Characteristic Mode ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
The World ◽  
Impending Death

The paper examines the psychology of martyrdom through the analysis of death speeches, the final letters, wills, and testaments left behind by men in the Middle East who undertook suicidal missions in war. The author maintains that the human body is as much a social object as it is a biological entity, and death is as much a social event as it is a physical happening. The biologically living body may be symbolically dead, and the physically dead person may be more powerful than the living. A communication that a person makes while he or she is anticipating an impending death is an overloaded message, comparable to the first or the last dream in psychoanalysis. It may provide important clues not only to the person's immediate psychic experience, but also to one's characteristic mode of encounter with the object world. Final letters, near-death or suicide notes have a particularly demanding, commanding, and pleading quality. The author finds several modes of communication and metacommunication in the notes: disengaged, abstract, and intimate, each differently conveying their thoughts, fantasies, and relatedness to the world, God, justice, vengeance, death, immortality, loved ones, and enemies.

PHARMACY FOR THE BODY AND SOUL: DUTCH SONGBOOKS IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 217-286
Author(s):  
Natascha Veldhorst
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Century ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Josquin Des Prez ◽  
Adrian Willaert ◽  
The World ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Body And Soul

Mention sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Dutch vocal music and the knowledgeable music lover usually thinks immediately of the brilliant polyphonic creations of famous Flemish masters like Josquin des Prez, Adrian Willaert and Orlande de Lassus. And they did indeed write compositions that still appeal to the imagination. Take Josquin’s polyphonic, chirping El Grillo, a relatively simple but effective piece that can entice even the most a-musical twenty-first-century student into the world of the Renaissance. Those familiar with the Baroque will recall Jan Pietersz Sweelinck, the organist of the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam and a composer of bewitching instrumental and vocal music, including his four books of polyphonic Pseaumes de David (1604–21) to the texts of Clément Marot and Theodore Bèze, which are still being performed regularly. Perhaps, too, the French, Latin and Italian arias by Constantijn Huygens from his Pathodia sacra et profana (1647). But it is then that the singing seems to stop in the Low Countries. The names of the composers, at least, are barely known beyond our borders.

scholarly journals Brain in a Vat or Body in a World: Brainbound Versus Enactive View of Experience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Thompson ◽  
Diego Cosmelli
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Argument Proceeds ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain In A Vat ◽  
Embodied Agent

We argue that the minimal biological requirements for consciousness include a living body, not just neuronal processes in the skull. Our argument proceeds by reconsidering the brain-in-a-vat thought experiment. Careful examination of this thought experiment indicates that the null hypothesis is that any adequately functional “vat” would be a surrogate body, that is, that the so-called vat would be no vat at all, but rather an embodied agent in the world. Thus, what the thought experiment actually shows is that the brain and body are so deeply entangled, structurally and dynamically, that they are explanatorily inseparable. Such entanglement implies that we cannot understand consciousness by considering only the activity of neurons apart from the body, and hence we have good explanatory grounds for supposing that the minimal realizing system forconsciousness includes the body and not just the brain. In this way, we put the brain-in-a-vat thought experiment to a new use, one that supports the “enactive” view that consciousness is a life-regulation process of the wholeorganism interacting with its environment.

Roman Ingarden’s Egology and Cartesianism

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-211
Author(s):  
Wojciech Starzyński
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Pure Consciousness ◽  
Critical Response ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ethical Experience

"The article focuses on the problem of egology in the thought of Roman Ingarden, a conception that offers a creative and critical response to Husserl’s egology and converges with the historical conception of the ego in Descartes. It analyses the problem in two stages based on two important texts by Ingarden: Controversy over the Existence of the World and Man and Time. Starting with reflections on the status of pure consciousness, Ingarden recognises the pure ego as something solely abstract compared with the worldly and irreducible real ego. From there his reflections on the ego move on to the problem of its substantiality, specific temporality as well as the role and experience of the body to finally produce a philosophy of existence with ethical and personalistic overtones. In this way Ingarden recreates the egological journey in Descartes, who, searching for the foundation of knowledge, identified subjectivity as the union of body and soul and saw its fulfilment in the ethical experience of generosity. Keywords: egology, ego, Cartesianism, Ingarden, Husserl, substantiality, temporality, human existence, realism. "

Time

2018 ◽  
pp. 388-396
Author(s):  
Federico Leoni
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

The idea of time plays a central role in modern philosophy. Modern philosophy doesn’t want to investigate Being, but a particular kind of Being, namely the Being of the subject which investigates Being. Then it identifies the subject with its capacity of thinking, perceiving, sensing, judging, and isolates the condition of this capacity in an operation of all further operations. Time is this transcendental operation. In other terms, time is synthesis, namely the capacity a subject has to be present to himself in order to be present to the world. This presence to presence which is time is the most profound structure of the subject, and when time becomes bodily synthesis, namely the operation of a living body which feels itself living, then psychopathological experience becomes the intermittence, the fragmentation, the impossibility of the body itself. An entire landscape of profoundly innovating readings of what we call madness becomes possible.

scholarly journals Ethos, Embodiment, Psychosis: Losing One’s Home-Identity Stakes

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Michèle Gennart
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Family Home

AbstractIn reference to phenomenology, the living body, feeling and acting, is approached as having an essential mediating function: at the same time, it brings us into the world and supports our identity. In “Tania Z’” story, she falls into a serious crisis following her parents’ decision to sell the shared family home. She experiences this not only as a betrayal but also as a loss of the “envelope” that previously allowed her to move safely in the world. She feels hurt even in her own body space and loses her ability to continue living.Tania Z speaks to us in a revealing way of the singular status of the home: a cultural work that can be possessed, transmitted, or destroyed according to certain social rules. But it is also, like the body, a privileged space of the “self,” with the loss of which the subject may be threatened in her or his ability to survive. This is at least what happens in situations of vulnerability where the person needs to rely on a stable physical space to gather as one’s self and feel safe in the world.

scholarly journals Bodies in motion and image recomposition in the early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Angela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Living Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Motion ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Live Action

The question of the appearance of the body surges in a play of overwhelming forces, and its register in artworks assumes different shapes as their representation spreads towards other mediums. Firstly, following Aby Warburg’s thought, this article will analyse the process of the survival of bodies as potential motion in images. Warburg proposed an Iconological approach where the analysis of potential movement in the image yielded a formula for its analytic recomposition. Furthermore, he captured the transition at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the body representation moved to media that allowed movement reproduction, such as animation and cinema. The bodies' survival or capture contained an animist belief that gained propulsion with the first apparatuses and optical toys that allowed movement and live-action recording. This movement allowed for the production of a simulacrum of the living body and the power to recompose it in space. Therefore, this article will focus on the evolution of body representation and its survival to understand how images from the early twentieth century shaped and traveled around the world.

Spread the Hem of Your Cloak over Me (Ruth 3:9)

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-46
Author(s):  
Laura Quick
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Physical Body ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
Complex Boundary ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The Relationship

In the world of the biblical authors, there was no semiotic distinction between body and soul according to Western philosophical conceptions. Instead, the body was thought to index personhood. The physical body, encompassing skin, nails, and hair, functioned as a complex boundary of the self. Since clothing was worn directly upon the physical body, it was understood as a manifestation of that boundary, and as such it was thought to take on or encode the personhood of the wearer. Clothing’s potential to index personhood meant that it could be utilized in order to transfer ethnicity or royal status from one individual to another, or even to sever the relationship between an individual from his or her family group. After exploring clothing and the body in ancient Near Eastern literature, I turn to the Hebrew Bible, where we will see that these insights are essential in order to properly comprehend and unpack the function of clothing in certain biblical texts. Clothing’s potential to index abstract conceptions of the self animates and informs these texts, with implications for understanding the complex relationship between the body and the self in the biblical world.

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