scholarly journals Kecepatan dan Hambatan Rekolonisasi Musuh Alami Setelah Aplikasi Insektisida di Pertanaman Padi

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baehaki Suherlan Effendi ◽  
Eko Hari Iswanto ◽  
Dede Munawar ◽  
Nono Sumaryono
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper ◽  
Sweep Net

ABSTRACTRecolonization of Natural Enemies after Insecticide Application in Rice Planting AreaThe study to assess recolonization of natural enemies after insecticide application in rice planting area was carried out in the wet season of 2013 at Karawang Regency. The application of several insecticides of rynaxypyr, fipronil, dinotefuran, pymetrozine, imidacloprid, and BPMC was conducted when brown plant hopper population was rising and yellow stem borer flight was occurring. Observation of natural enemies was carried out on 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 21 days after application (DAA) using sweep net for 4 swings per plot. The results showed that spiders were relatively safe to the rynaxypyr and fipronil insecticides with hampered recolonization index (HRI) of very light and light where recolonization occurred on 1 DAA. All tested insecticides highly affected Telenomus rowani with HRI of heavy to very heavy that this parasitoid recolonized at 7 DAA. On the other hand, all insecticides showed low influence on the recolonization of Tetrastichus schoenobii with HRI from unhampered to light hamper and the recolonization occurred on 1 DAA. The effect of rynaxypyr, fipronil, imidacloprid and BPMC application on Oligosita sp. and Anagus sp. recolonization was categorized to be low with HRI of light hamper that the recolonization happened at 1 DAA and 5 DAA, respectively. The insecticides of fipronil and BPMC were considered to slightly hamper the chironomid with the light value of the HRI and the chironomid recolonized at 1 DAA on fipronil and 3 DAA on BPMC.Keywords: Effect of insecticides, Recolonization of natural enemy, RiceABSTRAKPenelitian rekolonisasi musuh alami setelah aplikasi insektisida di pertanaman padi dilakukan pada musim hujan 2013 di Kabupaten Karawang. Aplikasi insektisida berbahan aktif rinaksipir, fipronil, dinotefuran, pimetrozin, imidakloprid, dan BPMC dilakukan saat populasi hama wereng coklat meningkat, sementara penerbangan penggerek batang padi kuning sedang berlangsung. Pengamatan terhadap musuh alami menggunakan jaring serangga sebanyak 4 ayunan per petak pada 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, dan 21 hari setelah aplikasi (HSA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laba-laba relatif aman terhadap insektisida rinaksipir dan fipronil dengan nilai indeks hambatan rekolonisasi (IHR) kedua insektisida tersebut sangat ringan dan ringan dengan kecepatan rekolonisasi laba-laba pada 1 HSA. Semua insektisida menekan sangat tinggi terhadap Telenomus rowani dengan IHR berat sampai sangat berat dan rekolonisasi parasitoid tersebut dinilai lambat yaitu 7 HSA. Insektisida menekan sangat rendah terhadap Tetrastichus schoenobii dengan IHR dari tidak ada hambatan sampai hambatan ringan dan kecepatan rekolonisasinya terjadi pada 1 HSA. Tekanan insektisida rinaksipir, fipronil, imidakloprid, dan BPMC terhadap Oligosita sp. dan Anagus sp. agak rendah dengan IHR ringan dan kecepatan rekolonisasi Oligosita sp. pada 1 HSA dan Anagrus sp. pada 5 HSA. Insektisida fipronil dan BPMC agak menekan chironomid dengan nilai IHR ringan dan kecepatan rekolonisasi 1 HSA pada fipronil dan 3 HSA pada BPMC.Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Insektisida, Rekolonisasi musuh alami, Padi

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING ON THE TYPE AND POPULATION OF PESTS, NATURAL ENEMIES, AND YIELDS OF THE RICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
N Usyati ◽  
Nia Kurniawati ◽  
Oco Rumasa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
The Impact

Impact of ecological engineering on the type and population of pests, natural enemies, and yields of the rice. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the ecological engineering in the rice field on the crop damage caused by yellow stem borer, including it’s type and population as well as its natural enemies and the yields of the rice. The study was conducted in farmer’s fields in Subang District in the dry and the wet seasons. The research was arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The observation was conducted on the crop damage caused by yellow stem borer, the type and the population of pests insect, its predator, and parasitoid as well as yields of the rice. The planting of flowering plants and crops showed inconsistent effect on the population of brown planthoppers, white-backed planthoppers, and rice black bug. Moreover, it also not significantly impact the yellow stem borer. The planting of flowering plants and crops did not affect the rice yields. The parasitization level of the parasitoid was in ranged of 47.32–50.47% (dry season) and 36.37–53.92% (wet season). The neutral insect population was dominant at the beginning of planting (11–1743), meanwhile at the maximum tillering until the harvest was dominated by predators (9.33–131.33). The parasitoids were relatively contrasted on each stage of the rice plant.

Status of Insect Pests and Natural Enemies of Direct Seeded and Transplanted Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
K N Ashrith
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Rice Leaf Folder ◽  
The Status ◽  
Direct Seeded

Studies were conducted on the status of insect-pests and natural enemies of direct seeded rice (DSR) in comparison with puddled transplanted rice (PTR) during rabi and kharif in 2013-14. The rice leaf folder and yellow stem required both the seasons. Maximum leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (13.03%) damage and yellow stem borer damage (13.49%) of white ears was recorded during last week of October and second week of November in DSR under unprotected situation respectively. While sucking pests population mainly green leafhopper incidence was comparatively high in PTR (3.29 and 4.92/hill) also plant hoppers incidence (BPH and WBPH) (28.90 and 18.44 adults/hill) under unprotected situation during two seasons respectively. Population of predators at both the season remained high throughout the study period in PTR than the DSR except

scholarly journals Relative abundance of stem borer species and natural enemies in rice ecosystem at Madhupur, Tangail, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahaman ◽  
KS Islam ◽  
M Jahan ◽  
MAA Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Borers ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Mirid Bug

The relative abundance of different stem borer species and their natural enemies with interaction effects were studied at three growth stages of irrigated Boro rice at Madhupur under the district of Tangail, Bangladesh during January to April, 2013. Five stem borer species viz; Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), Pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens), Dark headed stem borer (Chilo polyhcrysus), Stripped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), White stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata), and nine different natural enemies were collected from the rice fields and recorded. The population of stem borers and natural enemies was highest in tillering stage and lowest in seedling stage. The relative abundance of stem borer species under investigation showed ranking order; yellow stem borer >dark headed stem borer>pink borer>white borer>stripped stem borer and natural enemies as ladybird beetle >long jawed spider>wolf spider>damselfly>carabid beetle>green mirid bug>lynx spider>dragon fly>ear wig. Populations of all five stem borers were positively correlated with ladybird beetle, wolf spider, long jawed spider, lynx spider, damsel fly, dragon fly, green mirid bug and negatively correlated with carabid beetle and earwig.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 267-272, December 2014

Significance of the tropical fire ant Solenopsis geminata (hymenoptera: formicidae) as part of the natural enemy complex responsible for successful biological control of many tropical irrigated rice pests

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Way ◽  
K.L. Heong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Apple Snail ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Solenopsis Geminata ◽  
Large Populations

AbstractThe tropical fire ant Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) often nests very abundantly in the earthen banks (bunds) around irrigated rice fields in the tropics. Where some farmers habitually drain fields to the mud for about 3–4 days, the ants can quickly spread up to about 20 m into the fields where they collect food, including pest prey such as the eggs and young of the apple snail Pomacea caniculata (Lamarck) and insects such as lepidopterous larvae and hoppers, notably Nilaparvata lugens (Stäl) the brown planthopper (Bph) and green leafhoppers Nephotettix spp. Even in drained fields, the activity of S. geminata is restricted by rainfall in the wet season. The relatively few ant workers that forage characteristically into drained fields and on to the transplanted clumps of rice plants (hills) kill the normally few immigrant Bph adults but are initially slower acting than other species of the natural enemy complex. However, larger populations of Bph are fiercely attacked and effectively controlled by rapidly recruited ant workers; whereas, in the absence of the ant, the other natural enemies are inadequate. In normal circumstances, there is no ant recruitment in response to initially small populations of immigrant Bph and no evidence of incompatibility between ant foragers and other natural enemies such as spiders. However, when many ants are quickly and aggressively recruited to attack large populations of Bph, they temporarily displace some spiders from infested hills. It is concluded that, in suitable weather conditions and even when insecticides kill natural enemies within the rice field, periodic drainage that enables S. geminata to join the predator complex is valuable for ant-based control of pests such as snails and Lepidoptera, and especially against relatively large populations of Bph. Drainage practices to benefit ants are fully compatible with recent research, which shows that periodic drainage combats problems of ‘yield decline’ in intensively irrigated tropical rice and is also needed in South East Asia to make better use of seriously declining water supplies for irrigation.

Studies of the sampling of Glossina pallidipes Aust.—II. The daily pattern of flies caught on cattle, in Morris traps and on A fly-round

1961 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Smith ◽  
B. D. Rennison
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
East African ◽  
Daily Pattern ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Made In

A series of catches of G. pallidipes Aust. was made in 1½-hr. periods between 0800 and 1830 hr. each day during two experiments carried out in the early wet season (1957) and the late dry season (1958), at Lugala, Uganda, using tethered, small, shorthorned East African Zebu oxen, Morris traps and the standard flyround technique.Flies were attracted to the oxen in greater numbers in the morning and evening than at midday, the evening increase being marked in the wet season. The daily catches of both sexes on oxen, though starting at much the same level in both seasons, fell to lower levels at the hotter times of day during the dry season and rose only slightly in the evening. Traps, on the other hand, in both seasons caught most females between 1230 and 1400 hr. and least in the mornings. Male flies were trapped in greatest numbers between 1400 and 1530 hr. in the wet season, but only in comparatively small numbers at any time in the dry season, though there was a suggestion of maximum availability between 1100 and 1230 hr. during the latter. During the dry season, catches on the fly-round and on oxen showed a similar periodicity in the case of females, but not in that of males, fly-round catches of which declined from a peak at 0930–1100 hr.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Various Pest Management Modules Against Rice Yellow Stemborer, Scirphopaga incertulas (Walker) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sudha Rani ◽  
Ch. Chiranjeevi ◽  
T. Madhumathi ◽  
S. Krishnam Raju ◽  
Sk. Nafeez Umar
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Field Efficacy

Background: Globally, rice yellow stem borer alone causes yield losses of 10 m t accounting for 50 per cent of all insecticides usage in the rice field farmers depend upon a plenty of insecticide applications, even though a lot of insecticide applications are not effectual (Sarwar et al., 2005). The over- reliance on use of chemicals to manage this pest had lead to numerous undesirable consequences like disrupting natural enemy complexes, secondary pest outbreaks, pest resurgence, development of insecticide resistance and environmental pollution. Keeping in view the deleterious effects of chemical pesticides, there is a need to evaluate alternate methods or integrated methods to manage the rice stem borer effectively without any menace to the ecological niche. Hence, a research trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various pest management modules against rice stem borer in comparison to farmers practice and sole chemical control, besides in concern to yield and cost economics. Methods: The field efficacy of various pest management modules viz., non-chemical based, non-chemical + biorational methods, chemical-based, IPM module and farmers practice against rice yellow stem borer were evaluated during the wet season and dry seasons of 2016 and 2017. The experimental was laid in a net area of 10 m x 20 m each plot laid in Randomized Block Design which comprised of five treatments (modules) with four replications. The incidence of rice yellow stem borer (YSB) in various modules in terms of percent dead hearts (% DH) during tillering stage and percent white ears (%WE) during maturing stage were recorded. Result: It was evident from the pooled mean data that among various modules, the least per cent dead hearts (2.68 and 2.56% DH ) and white ears (2.79 and 2.31% WE) were registered in IPM based module followed by farmers practice (2.31 and 2.32% dead hearts and 3.92 and 4.77% white ears) and chemical-l based module (2.90 and 4.24% dead hearts and 5.59 and 5.18% white ears) as against highest incidence in non- chemical (13.78 and 13.7% dead hearts; 18.24 and 17.94% white ears) and non- chemical + bio rational (11.40 and 9.88% dead hearts; 13.09 and 11.25% white ears ) based modules during the wet season and dry season, respectively.

scholarly journals Hatay İli Yonca Üretim Alanlarında Bulunan Böcek Faunasının Tespiti ve Bazı Türlerin Popülasyon Yoğunlukları

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamuran Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Lygus Rugulipennis ◽  
Beneficial Insect ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sweep Net

The current study was conducted to determine insect fauna and population densities of some phytophagous and beneficial insect species at two different alfalfa fields in Narlıca district of Hatay province, Turkey in 2009-2010. In the first year biweekly, and in the second year weekly samplings were carried out by 25 sweep-net samplings taken by walking in diagonal directions. Aphids, thrips and gallery flies were also sampled by counting of 30 alfalfa stalks in every 8-10 steps in each of the sampling fields. As a result, 53 phytophagous species belonging to 14 families of five orders and 30 natural enemy species including 20 predators and 10 parasitoids belonging to nine families of six orders were obtained. With 19 species, Cicadellidae has been the largest number of species-containing family and Asymmetrasca descedens and Empoasca decipiens were the most intensively species in this family. In addition, Lygus rugulipennis was the most dominant species among all phytophagous species obtained. It has been found that populations of all pests species were affected by mowing the alfalfa, and show a decline. Predators were predominant among detected natural enemies, and their populations were persistent in the alfalfa fields despite approximately 7-8 mowing per year.

scholarly journals Arthropods Associated with Corn Planted in the Marginal Uplands of Inopacan, Leyte

2014 ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Maria Juliet Ceniza ◽  
Rosalyn Borines
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insect Group ◽  
Sweep Net

A study was conducted to assess and identify the arthropods associated with corn planted in the marginal uplands of Inopacan, Leyte, using pan trap and sweep net methods, done biweekly during the two cropping periods. Two major groups of arthropods were recorded which included the Arachnids and the insect group, consisting of nine (11) orders of insects represented by 59 insects species and 20 spiders. These arthropods belonged to phytophagous groups (chewing and sucking arthropods); natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) and the innocuous groups or considered “others” (scavengers and saprophagous) The most abundant insect pest species in corn were the Chrysomelidae and Scarabaeidae beetles, while leafhoppers (Homoptera) were moderately abundant in the crop. The predators were mostly ants (Hymenoptera), the spiders (Arachnids), and coccinellid beetles. The parasitoids included the braconid, ichneumonid, and chalcid wasps. The most abundant non-pest and innocuous species are the Dipterans which are potential hosts or prey of the biotic agents in the corn ecosystem. The abundance of pest species in corn is not yet alarming, which indicates that the pests are not attracted to the crops which were marginal in growth. The natural enemies were also occurring in moderate numbers adequate to suppress abundance of pest species. However, from the results, the corn planted in the marginal upland with chicken dung was observed to have the higher number of insect associations than the other treatments.

The mosquitos of Zaria Province, Northern Nigeria

1960 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Hanney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Exit Trap

A general survey of the species of Anopheles in Zaria Province, Northern Nigeria, carried out between June 1957 and December 1958, was designed primarily to ascertain the bionomics of actual and potential vectors of malaria there. The studies, which were centred upon the four principal domestic Anophelines, A. gambiae Giles, A. funestus Giles, A. nili (Theo.) and A. wellcomei Theo., were carried out by making regular floor-sheet collections and entranceand exit-trap catches in native huts, together with biting catches inside and outside huts. Data on other Anophelines and Culicines, taken at the same time, were also recorded.The studies show that in this region, where malaria is holoendemic, all four species are endophagous to a greater or lesser extent although both A. gambiae and A. nili prefer to feed outside if a host is available. Only two species have been incriminated as vectors, A. gambiae, which had a sporozoite rate of between 4 and 7 per cent., and A. funestus with between 3 and 8 per cent., according to the season.Collections by floor-sheets and by catches at human bait showed that A. gambiae, A funestus and A. nili were predominantly wet-season species, although in one village area studied A. funestus also occurred in fairly high numbers throughout the dry season. A. wellcomei, on the other hand, was shown to be a predominantly dry-season species.By using traps and making collections with human bait, the entrance, exit and biting times of A. gambiae, A. funestus and A. nili were ascertained. The largest numbers of A. gambiae and A. funestus entered huts between 9.0 and 11.0 p.m. and left between 3.0 and 5.0 a.m., the maximum biting activity for A. gambiae being between midnight and 5.0 a.m., and for A. funestus between 11.0 p.m. and dawn. A. nili differed considerably from the other two species, having two peaks of maximum entry, between 9.0 and 11.0 p.m. and 1.0 and 3.0 a.m., the period of maximum exodus being between 1.0 and 5.0 a.m., with a peak of biting activity between 10.0 p.m. and 1.0 a.m. It was found that a very high proportion of the mosquitos caught leaving the huts was unfed; between 1.0 and 5.0 a.m., 64 per cent, of A. gambiae leaving, 63 per cent, of A. funestus and 30 per cent, of A. nili were unfed.Apart from the four domestic species of Anopheles mentioned above, the only other anthropophilous species which could be described as common in the vicinity of Kaduna were A. coustani Lav., A. theileri Edw., A. flavicosta Edw. and A. rufipes (Gough). A. implexus (Theo.) is recorded from Nigeria for the first time.The commonest species of Culicines taken at human bait during outside night collections were Mansonia africana (Theo.), M. uniformis (Theo.), M. cristata (Theo.), Aëdes lineatopennis (Ludl.) and Culex poicilipes (Theo.). Of these, M. uniformis was by far the most regular and persistent biter throughout the year. M. africana, on the other hand, was only taken in any numbers during October.In an appendix, a list of 17 species of Anopheles (including 3 varieties), 65 of the CUlicinae and two of the TOxorhynchitinae known to occur in Zaria Province is given, with notes on their distribution and bionomics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document