scholarly journals Induksi Resistensi dengan Rhodotorula minuta untuk Mengendalikan Antraknosa (Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds) Pada Tanaman Cabai

Agrikultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Linda Tarina ◽  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Luciana Djaya
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Rhodotorula Minuta

Antraknosa merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada tanaman cabai yang menyebabkan kerugian cukup besar. Penggunaan khamir sebagai agens penginduksi resistensi tanaman cabai merupakan salah satu alternatif ramah lingkungan untuk pengendalian penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan khamir R. minuta dalam menginduksi resistensi tanaman cabai untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa cabai. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Proteksi Tanaman dan Rumah Kaca Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran di Jatinangor serta Laboratorium Biorin, PAU, Instititut Pertanian Bogor.  Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 9 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Pengaruh induksi resistensi diuji dengan perbedaan waktu inokulasi C. acutatum yaitu 3, 5, 7, dan 10 hari setelah perlakuan induksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa khamir R. minuta memiliki kemampuan menginduksi resistensi tanaman cabai terhadap antraknosa. Luas gejala antraknosa terkecil terjadi pada perlakuan induksi R. minuta dengan waktu inokulasi 7 hari setelah perlakuan yaitu sebesar 0,1125 cm2. Perlakuan R. minuta dengan waktu inokulasi 7 hari setelah perlakuan merupakan respon induksi terbaik dengan tingkat penekanan antraknosa sebesar 47,33%, serta meningkatkan aktivitas enzim peroksidase 1,7 kali yaitu sebesar 0,748 ∆A₄₂₀/menit.μg protein.

scholarly journals Penambahan Gula untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Antagonisme Khamir Rhodotorula minuta terhadap Colletotrichum acutatum Penyebab Antraknosa Cabai secara In-vitro

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena ◽  
Noor Istifadah ◽  
Sri Rosmala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Antagonistic Yeast ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Rhodotorula Minuta ◽  
Relative Inhibition

ABSTRACTThe addition of sugar to increase the growth and antagonism of Rhodotorula minuta against Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of anthracnose on chilli in-vitroBiocontrol can be used as an alternative in controlling anthracnose disease on chilli caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. One of the antagonistic agents that reported to be able to control anthracnose on chilli is Rhodotorula minuta. Some sugars can be utilized by R. minuta for its growth and antagonism. This research was objected to study the effect of addition of some sugars to increase the growth and antagonism of R. minuta. The experiment was arranged in the completely randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were addition of glucose, sucrose, trehalose, D-mannitol, and D-xylose at 1%, 2.5% and 5% each. The results showed that the addition of glucose, sucrose, trehalose, D-mannitol, and D-xylose were able to increase the growth of R. minuta. The addition of glucose, sucrose, trehalose, and D-mannitol increased antagonism of R. minuta. The addition of 1% sucrose was able to stimulate the highest growth rate of R. minuta at the cell density of 3.87 x 107 cells/ml. The addition of trehalosa 2.5% increased the colony growth at 3 and 6 days after treatment. Sucrose 2.5%, D-manitol 5%, and glukosa 2,5% caused the highest relative inhibition of R. minuta against C. acutatum.Key words: antagonistic yeast, glucose, sucrose, trehalose, D-mannitol, D-xyloseABSTRAKPengendalian hayati dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai. Salah satu agens antagonis yang telah dilaporkan mampu mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada cabai yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum acutatum adalah khamir Rhodotorula minuta. Beberapa gula dapat dimanfaatkan oleh R. minuta untuk pertumbuhan dan antagonismenya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan beberapa gula untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan antagonisme R. minuta. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari 16 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari penambahan gula glukosa, sukroa, trehalosa, D-mannitol dan D-xylose dengan konsentrasi masing-masing gula 1%, 2,5% dan 5%. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan gula glukosa, sukrosa, trehalosa, D-mannitol, dan D-xylose dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan R. minuta. Penambahan gula glukosa, sukrosa, trehalosa, dan D-mannitol dapat meningkatkan antagonisme R. minuta. Perlakuan penambahan gula sukrosa 1% merupakan perlakuan yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan R. minuta dengan kerapatan sel tertinggi yaitu sebesar 3,87 x 107 sel/ml. Penambahan trehalosa 2,5% dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan koloni pada 3 HSP dan 6 HSP. Sukrosa 2,5%, D-manitol 5% dan glukosa 2,5% menyebabkan tingkat hambatan relatif R. minuta tertinggi terhadap C. acutatum.Kata kunci : Khamir antagonis, glukosa, sukrosa, trehalosa, D-mannitol, D-xylosa

scholarly journals Identifikasi Isolat Khamir Berpotensi sebagai Agens Antagonis dan Uji Produksi Toksin Hemolisin

Agrikultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Suryo Wiyono ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Meity Suradji Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Pseudozyma Aphidis ◽  
Pseudozyma Hubeiensis ◽  
Rhodotorula Minuta ◽  
Blood Agar Base

Identifikasi khamir dapat dilakukan secara konvensional maupun molekuler. Identifikasi secara konvensional membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan interpretasi hasilnya seringkali bersifat subyektif. Sementara identifikasi khamir dengan metode molekuler dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat dan cepat. Khamir yang berperan sebagai agens antagonis harus aman terhadap organisme nontarget agar dapat diaplikasikan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi isolat-isolat khamir berpotensi antagonis dengan metode molekuler dan mengetahui kemampuan khamir dalam menghasilkan hemolisin sebagai salah satu indikator potensi resiko terhadap mamalia. Identifikasi dan pengujian kemampuan khamir dalam menghasilkan hemolisin dilakukan pada 15 isolat khamir berpotensi antagonis terhadap patogen antraknosa cabai (Colletotrichum acutatum). Identifikasi khamir dilakukan secara molekuler dengan PCR menggunakan primer ITS1 dan ITS4. Penyediaan khamir menggunakan mediaYeast Malt Extract Broth (YMB) dan Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Pengujian kemampuan khamir dalam menghasilkan hemolisin menggunakan media blood agar base (Oxoid CM55) ditambah darah domba 5%. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat khamir dapat teramplifikasi dengan primer ITS1 dan ITS4 dengan ukuran  fragmen   produk   antara  500-800 pb. Hasil analisis sekuensing didapatkan 6 spesies khamir yaitu Candida tropicalis, Rhodotorula minuta, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pseudozyma hubeiensis, Pseudozyma aphidis, dan Pseudozyma shanxiensis. Uji kemampuan khamir dalam menghasilkan hemolisin menunjukkan bahwa seluruh khamir yang diuji tidak menghasilkan toksin hemolisin sehingga diduga isolat-isolat tersebut tidak patogenik terhadap manusia.

scholarly journals The Use of Essential Oils from Thyme, Sage and Peppermint against Colletotrichum acutatum

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Armina Morkeliūnė ◽  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Lina Šernaitė ◽  
Alma Valiuškaitė
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Biological Protection

The Colletotrichum spp. is a significant strawberry pathogen causing yield losses of up to 50%. The most common method to control plant diseases is through the use of chemical fungicides. The findings of plants antimicrobial activities, low toxicity, and biodegradability of essential oils (EO), make them suitable for biological protection against fungal pathogens. The aim is to evaluate the inhibition of Colletotrichum acutatum by thyme, sage, and peppermint EO in vitro on detached strawberry leaves and determine EO chemical composition. Our results revealed that the dominant compound of thyme was thymol 41.35%, peppermint: menthone 44.56%, sage: α,β-thujone 34.45%, and camphor: 20.46%. Thyme EO inhibited C. acutatum completely above 200 μL L−1 concentration in vitro. Peppermint and sage EO reduced mycelial growth of C. acutatum. In addition, in vitro, results are promising for biological control. The detached strawberry leaves experiments showed that disease reduction 4 days after inoculation was 15.8% at 1000 μL L−1 of peppermint EO and 5.3% at 800 μL L−1 of thyme compared with control. Our findings could potentially help to manage C. acutatum; however, the detached strawberry leaves assay showed that EO efficacy was relatively low on tested concentrations and should be increased.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Propyl Disulfide from Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Vapor and Agar Diffusion Assays against Anthracnose Pathogens (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum) in Mango Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rafiullah Khan ◽  
Vanee Chonhenchob ◽  
Chongxing Huang ◽  
Panitee Suwanamornlert
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Microorganisms causing anthracnose diseases have a medium to a high level of resistance to the existing fungicides. This study aimed to investigate neem plant extract (propyl disulfide, PD) as an alternative to the current fungicides against mango’s anthracnose. Microorganisms were isolated from decayed mango and identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum. Next, a pathogenicity test was conducted and after fulfilling Koch’s postulates, fungi were reisolated from these symptomatic fruits and we thus obtained pure cultures. Then, different concentrations of PD were used against these fungi in vapor and agar diffusion assays. Ethanol and distilled water were served as control treatments. PD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) inhibited more of the mycelial growth of these fungi than both controls. The antifungal activity of PD increased with increasing concentrations. The vapor diffusion assay was more effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of these fungi than the agar diffusion assay. A good fit (R2, 0.950) of the experimental data in the Gompertz growth model and a significant difference in the model parameters, i.e., lag phase (λ), stationary phase (A) and mycelial growth rate, further showed the antifungal efficacy of PD. Therefore, PD could be the best antimicrobial compound against a wide range of microorganisms.

Purification and Characterization of Cytochrome P450 from an Isobutene-forming Microorganism,Rhodotorula minuta

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1599-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Fukuda ◽  
Takao Fujii ◽  
Hironori Daimon ◽  
Makoto Iwata ◽  
Takahira Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Rhodotorula Minuta

scholarly journals Protective Antifungal Activity of Plantago major Extract Against the Phytopathogenic Fungi Phytophthora cinnamomi, Diplodia corticola and Colletotrichum Species

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Cláudia Ferreira ◽  
Rui Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Plantago Major

Synthetic fungicides for crops protection raise environmental and human concerns due to accumulation in edible vegetables, showing significant toxicity to humans, and in soil, groundwater and rivers, affecting ecological balance. In addition, they are prone to the development of resistant strains because of the single target-based mechanism of action. Plant extracts provide attractive alternatives, as they constitute a rich source of biodegradable secondary metabolites, such as phenols, flavonoids and saponins, which have multiple modes of antifungal action and a lower probability of the development of resistant fungi. This work has the objective of identifying plant extracts with antifungal activity, aiming to contribute to food safety and sustainable agricultural practices. We selected a saponin-containing plant, Plantago major, and extracted secondary metabolites with 50% (v/v) ethanol, dried by evaporation, and dissolved in water. For antifungal activity, the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum godetiae, Colletotrichum nymphaeae, Diplodia corticola and Phytophthora cinnamomi were selected because they affect fruits and vegetables, such as strawberry, almond, apple, avocado, blueberry and chestnut trees. The aqueous extract was incorporated into PDA medium at different concentrations and mycelial discs were placed in the center of each Petri dish. Growth was measured as the radial mycelial growth at 3, 6, and 9 days incubation at 25 °C in the dark. The maximum growth inhibition (32.2%) was obtained against P. cinnamomi with 2000 µg/mL extract followed by C. gloeosporioides (25.7%) on the sixth day and by C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae (21.1%) on the ninth day. Results show that P. major presents antifungal activity in all phytopathogenic fungi tested and the extract can be used to protect important crops, by inhibiting the development of fungal infections and promoting food security and a sustainable agriculture.

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