scholarly journals The toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), castor (Ricinus communis), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oil against Spodoptera frugiferda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Danar Dono ◽  
Yusup Hidayat ◽  
Tarkus Suganda ◽  
Syarif Hidayat ◽  
Neneng Sri Widayani
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Oil Exposure

An important pest in corn plantation recently reported in Indonesia was Spodoptera frugiperda, a polyphagous pest that have a fast spread rate and caused high damage on young corn. One control that able to use is botanical insecticide. This experiment aims to determine the toxicity of neem, jatropha, clove, and citronella oil (concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05%) against S. frugiferda in corn. Tests carried out using the feeding assay or residue on corn leaves (size 5 x 5 cm). Then, the leaf treatment was given to 10 larvae of S. frugiferda (instars 2) for 48 hours. After that, the feed replaced with untreated feed. The test results showed that concentration neem oil of 0.1% caused the highest mortality of S. frugiferda. Neem oil exposure is also able to inhibit the time of larval development, reduce the percentage of feed consumption, and the weight of pupa the S. frugiferda. Other vegetable oils exposure gave lower mortality in the test insects and some treatments were not significantly different from the controls on the parameters of larval development, pupae weight, and percentage of feed consumption. Neem oils showed strong toxicity against S. frugiperda larvae with  Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) of 0.079 % (CI (95%) 0.066 – 0.095%) and LC95 of 0.338% (CI (95%) 0.024-0.567%).

scholarly journals Fumigation and repellency of essential oils against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in cowpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Solange Maria de França ◽  
Douglas Rafael e Silva Barbosa ◽  
Kamilla de Andrade Dutra ◽  
Alice Maria Nascimento de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Piper Aduncum

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the fumigant and repellent effects of essential oils on adults of Callosobruchus maculatus and to identify the chemical composition of two of the tested essential oils. For the fumigation test, the oils of Schinus terebinthifolius, Piper aduncum, Syzygium aromaticum, Piper hispidinervum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and the eugenol compound were tested at different concentrations on C. maculatus adults. For the repellency test, the oils of S. terebinthifolius, P. aduncum, P. hispidinervum, S. aromaticum, Jatropha curcas, and Ricinus communis were evaluated. In the fumigation test, it was observed that P. aduncum and eugenol showed the highest and lowest LC50s, of 169.50 and 0.28 μL L-1 air, respectively. In the repellency test, the oils of S. aromaticum and P. hispidinervum were repellent to C. maculatus. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of these two oils identified 42 compounds, of which safrole was the main component of P. hispidinervum and eugenol of S. aromaticum. The essential oils of S. aromaticum, C. zeylanicum, and the eugenol compound are the most promising to control C. maculatus, via fumigation.

scholarly journals PERFORMA ITIK LOKAL JANTAN (Anas plathyrynchos) YANG DIBERI PAKAN SUPLEMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Wara Pratitis Sabar Suprayogi ◽  
Sudibya Sudibya ◽  
Eko Hari Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Feed Cost

<p><em>The research was to know the influence of the supplementation lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine on the local male ducks’ performance. The cattle used were 96 local male ducks aged 10 days. Research materials were corn, bran, concentrate 144, lemuru fish oil, and L-carnitine. The research design used was Complete Random Design with 3 treatments and 8 repetitions; each repetition contained 4 local male ducks. The treatment consisted of ration control P0 = corn, barn, concentrate and mineral; P1 = corn, barn, mineral and 4% lemuru fish oil; P2 = corn, barn, concentrate, mineral, 4% lemuru fish oil and 30 ppm L-carnitine. The investigated modifiers were feed consumption, feed conversion, daily weight increase and Income Over Feed Cost value. Data feed consumption, daily weight increase, feed conversion was analyzed using variance analysis. If there were a concrete influence, further analysis should be conducted using orthogonal contrast. Results showed that the supplementation of lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine had a very significant influence (P&lt;0.01) on feed consumption, daily weight increase and feed conversion. Further test results orthogonal contrast showed that the supplementation of lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine could decrease feed consumption, feed conversion and increase daily weight rate (P&lt;0.01) if compared control. Result Income Over Feed Cost showed that treatment with add lemuru fish oil and L-carnitine produced Income Over Feed Cost value higher if compared control. Based on the results of the research, it could be concluded that the supplementation of 4% lemuru fish oil and 30 ppm L-carnitine in ration could decrease feed consumption and feed conversion, increase daily weight rate, and the IOFC of local male ducks.</em></p>

Biochemical parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) treated with citronella oil (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor) and its influence on reproduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Thalita dos Santos Silva ◽  
Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira​ ◽  
Franklin Magliano da Cunha ◽  
José Vargas de Oliveira ◽  
Kamilla de Andrade Dutra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Cymbopogon Winterianus

scholarly journals Prostaglandin-mediated recovery from bacteremia delays larval development in fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. e21444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Joseph A. Ringbauer ◽  
Cynthia l. Goodman ◽  
Tamra Reall ◽  
Xing-Fu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm

scholarly journals Control Of Epilachna Vigintioctopuntata Fab. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Using Some Indigenous Plant Extracts

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamrul Islam ◽  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Zennat Ferdousi
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Epilachna Vigintioctopunctata

Epilachna vigintioctopunctata is an important pest that causes considerable economic losses to many crops including egg-plants. The crude aqueous extracts of leaves from three indigenous plants namely Ricinus communis, Calotropis procera and Datura metel were used against this beetle aiming at its control under laboratory conditions. Larvicidal bioassays of the extracts showed the following order of toxicity: R. communis (LC50=18.40%) > C. procera (LC50=23.70%) > D. metel (LC50=29.61%). Subsequent data on some vital life-history traits were promising because the extracts significantly reduced both oviposition and egg-hatch, prolonged larval duration (P<0.001), and inhibited pupae formation and adult emergence (P<0.05). However, female ratio was not significantly affected by the treatments. Relevance of these findings on the control of this phytophagous species has been discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9725 JLES 2011 6: 75-80

Studies on the Bionomics of the Case-bearing Clothes Moth, Tinea pellionella (L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Orange G ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Tinea pellionella (L.), commonly known as the Case-bearing Clothes Moth or Fur Moth, is of world-wide distribution and is of considerable economic importance. It has been recorded on a variety of substances, particularly those of a keratinous nature. In India, it has been found as an important pest of woollen textiles. Its life-history and habits have been systematically investigated at different levels of temperature and humidity.The incubation period is 4 to 5, 5, 6 to 7 and 6 to 7 days at 21·5, 25, 30 and 32·5°C., respectively. Temperatures higher than 32·5°C. have been found lethal to eggs. Humidity has no effect on the incubation period. Percentage viability of eggs is greater at lower than at higher temperatures.Both temperature and humidity have been found to influence the larval development and the number of larval instars. Irrespective of temperature, higher humidities favour shorter larval development and the shortest larval period is at 25°C. and 90 per cent. R.H.Woollen materials impregnated with yeast are more suited for the larval development than those not so treated. Larvae do not exhibit colour preference. Woollen fabrics dyed with Cloth fast orange G 4 per cent, manufactured by “ Ciba ”, however, inhibit the growth of freshly hatched larvae.The behaviour of the larvae to direct sunlight has been studied. The rôle of (a) diffused light alternated with darkness, (b) darkness, (c) temperature and (d) humidity on the extent of damage caused by the larvae has been investigated. Under the conditions of the experiments, the amount of damage in continuous darkness was significantly greater than in alternating light and darkness, and that at 90 per cent. R.H. significantly greater than at 30 per cent., but there was no significant difference in the amount of damage at 27·5° and 32·5°C., respectively, and 90 per cent. R.H.The mode of pupation has been described. The pupal period has been studied and found.to occupy 18 ± 0·4, 10·3 ± 0·16 and 10·3 ± 0·33 days at 21·5, 25 and 30°C. and 90 per cent. R.H., respectively. Humidity has no effect on this period.The effect of temperature and humidity on (a) the preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods and (b) number of eggs laid by a female has been studied. The life-span of the male and female, the relationship between the weight of the female at emergence and fecundity (which was highly significant) on the one hand and length of life (which was not significant) on the other has also been investigated. Sex ratio between females and males has been found to be 2·6:1. Three to four generations in a year have been recorded at 26 ± 8·0°C. and 82 ± 10 per cent. R.H. when the larvae are fed on woollen fabrics impregnated with yeast.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Insektisida Campuran Ekstrak Air Buah Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) dan Batang Cymbopogon ciratrus (Dc.) Stapf (Poaceae) Terhadap Larva Crocidolomia pavonana F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Eka Candra Lina ◽  
Adventus Supriadi ◽  
Yunisman Yunisman ◽  
Martinius Martinius
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Piper Aduncum

Crocidolomia pavonana is an important pest in Brassicaceae. Botanical insecticides is pest control alternative  which meet to eco-friendly manajement. This study aims to determine lethal concentration of single  and mixture of water extract of Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) fruit and Cymbopogon cirtatus (Poaceae) stem against Crocidolomia pavonana larvae. The study was conducted in laboratory experiment through preliminary test and advance test using a completely randomized design (CRD). Observations were included to larval mortality, antifeedant effect, and duration of larval development. Bioassay was done against second instar larvae of C. pavonana using leaves immersion method during 48 hours. The results show that LC50 and LC95 value of mixture extract are 2.83% and 5.79% respectively. Based on index combination analysis, P. aduncum and C. citratus mixture extract  were antagonistic at LC50  and additive  at LC95 . Water extract of   P. aduncum and C. citratus were relatively weak to influence feeding activity of C. pavonana larvae (41%). Mixture extract  also extend larval development from second instar to third instar  around 0.24 days and third instar to fourth instar around 0.97 days.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Bio-Insecticidal Effect of Ricinus communis (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) on the Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Cheikh Atab Diédhiou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Since chemical insecticides favor the emergence of resistance and have disastrous consequences for the environment, we became interested in an alternative control method against Spodoptera frugiperda, more respectful for the environment. We therefore evaluated the effectiveness of the bio-insecticidal effects of plants extracts and oil of castor against the fall armyworm in the laboratory. The laboratory bioassays consisted of evaluating the toxicity of the castor plants extracts and oil by contact and ingestion on fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda using a leaf dipping method. It emerges from this study that the mortality of the larvae treated with the bio-insecticide and the control solution varies significantly and that the mortality rate was 100% for dose 1; 85% for dose 2 and 70% for dose 3. The mortality rate for the control solution is 10%. These results testify to the good larvicidal activity of the organic insecticide based on oil, leaves and unripe seeds of castor bean on the fall armyworm.

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