scholarly journals Setting time evaluation of injectable carbonate apatite cement using various sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC) concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Arief Cahyanto ◽  
Indah Permatasari ◽  
Renny Febrida
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Standard Requirement ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
Apatite Cement ◽  
Concentration Methods

Introduction: The injectable calcium phosphate cement has the advantage to be used in the bone defect with the limited access which supports a minimally invasive surgical technique. These Injectability properties of calcium phosphate cement can be modified by adding a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC). The aim of this present study is to investigate the setting time of injectable bone cement based on CO3Ap using various Na CMC concentration. Methods: Vaterite (a polymorph of CaCO3) and Dicalcium Phosphate Anhydrous (DCPA) as powder phase mixed with 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4 solution containing 1% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and various concentration of Na CMC as followed 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%, respectively. Each concentration groups was consisting of 5 samples from total 20 samples. Powder and liquid phase was mixed with a spatula at a liquid to powder (L/P) ratio of 0.4. The setting time of CO3Ap cement was evaluated according to the modification method standardized by ISO 1566 for dental zinc phosphate cement using a custom fabricated Vicat needle apparatus. The cement was maintained at 37ºC and 100% relative humidity as a standard requirement. Results: The mean value of setting time cement was as followed 0.5% Na CMC 35:06 minutes, 1% Na CMC 38:48 minutes, 1.5% Na CMC 40:06 minutes, and 2% Na CMC 41:30 minutes. The result is statistically significant (p<0.05) with the group of 0.5% Na CMC compared to others group. Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of Na CMC could prolong the setting time of CO3Ap cement.

The pH-Dependent Properties of the Biphasic Calcium Phosphate for Bone Cements

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuan La Ong Srakaew ◽  
Sirirat Tubsungnoen Rattanachan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Apatite Cement

Self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has been used in bone repair and substitution due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioactive as well as simplicity of preparation and use. The inherent brittleness and slow degradation are the major disadvantages for the use of calcium phosphate cements. To improve the degradation for the traditional CPC, the apatite cement formula incorporated with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with varying concentration were studied and the effect of the pH value of liquid phase on the properties of this new calcium phosphate cement formula was evaluated. The apatite cements containing β-TCP for 10 and 40 wt.% were mixed into the aqueous solution with different pH values and then aging in absolute humidity at 37°C for 7 days. The setting time and phase analysis of the biphasic calcium phosphate were determined as compared to the apatite cement. For proper medical application, the compressive strength, the phase analysis and the degradation of the CPC samples at pH 7.0 and 7.4 were evaluated after soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C for 7 days. The results indicated that the properties of the samples such as the setting time, the compressive strength related to the phase analysis of the set cements. The high degradation of the CPC was found in the cement with increasing β-TCP addition due to the phase after setting. Apatite formation with oriented plate-like morphology was also found to be denser on the surface of the biphasic bone cements after soaking in SBF for 7 days. The obtained results indicated that the cement containing β-TCP mixed with the liquid phase at pH 7.4 could be considered as a highly biodegradable and bioactive bone cement, as compared to the traditional CPC.

scholarly journals A bone replacement-type calcium phosphate cement that becomes more porous in vivo by incorporating a degradable polymer

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Shimatani ◽  
Hiromitsu Toyoda ◽  
Kumi Orita ◽  
Yuta Ibara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yokogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Degradable Polymer ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Bone Replacement

AbstractThis study investigated whether mixing low viscosity alginic acid with calcium phosphate cement (CPC) causes interconnected porosity in the CPC and enhances bone replacement by improving the biological interactions. Furthermore, we hypothesized that low viscosity alginic acid would shorten the setting time of CPC and improve its strength. CPC samples were prepared with 0, 5, 10, and 20% low viscosity alginic acid. After immersion in acetate buffer, possible porosification in CPC was monitored in vitro using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the setting times and compressive strengths were measured. In vivo study was conducted by placing CPC in a hole created on the femur of New Zealand white rabbit. Microcomputed tomography and histological examination were performed 6 weeks after implantation. SEM images confirmed that alginic acid enhanced the porosity of CPC compared to the control, and the setting time and compressive strength also improved. When incorporating a maximum amount of alginic acid, the new bone mass was significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.0153). These biological responses are promising for the translation of these biomaterials and their commercialization for clinic applications.

scholarly journals Polymeric-Calcium Phosphate Cement Composites-Material Properties:In VitroandIn VivoInvestigations

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania M. Khashaba ◽  
Mervet M. Moussa ◽  
Donald J. Mettenburg ◽  
Frederick A. Rueggeberg ◽  
Norman B. Chutkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Tetracalcium Phosphate ◽  
Methyl Vinyl Ether ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Cement

New polymeric calcium phosphate cement composites (CPCs) were developed. Cement powder consisting of 60 wt% tetracalcium phosphate, 30 wt% dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, and 10 wt% tricalcium phosphate was combined with either 35% w/w poly methyl vinyl ether maleic acid or polyacrylic acid to obtain CPC-1 and CPC-2. The setting time and compressive and diametral tensile strength of the CPCs were evaluated and compared with that of a commercial hydroxyapatite cement.In vitrocytotoxicity andin vivobiocompatibility of the two CPCs and hydroxyapatite cement were assessed. The setting time of the cements was 5–15 min. CPC-1 and CPC-2 showed significantly higher compressive and diametral strength values compared to hydroxyapatite cement. CPC-1 and CPC-2 were equivalent to Teflon controls after 1 week. CPC-1, CPC-2, and hydroxyapatite cement elicited a moderate to intense inflammatory reaction at 7 days which decreased over time. CPC-1 and CPC-2 show promise for orthopedic applications.

scholarly journals A New Type of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Cement as a Gentamicin Carrier for Osteomyelitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yu Su ◽  
Yu-Chun Chen ◽  
Feng-Huei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
High Doses

Osteomyelitis therapy is a long-term and inconvenient procedure for a patient. Antibiotic-loaded bone cements are both a complementary and alternative treatment option to intravenous antibiotic therapy for the treatment of osteomyelitis. In the current study, the biphasic calcium phosphate cement (CPC), calledα-TCP/HAP (α-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite) biphasic cement, was prepared as an antibiotics carrier for osteomyelitis. The developed biphasic cement with a microstructure ofα-TCP surrounding the HAP has a fast setting time which will fulfill the clinical demand. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analyses showed the final phase to be HAP, the basic bone mineral, after setting for a period of time. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a porous structure with particle sizes of a few micrometers. The addition of gentamicin inα-TCP/HAP would delay the transition ofα-TCP but would not change the final-phase HAP. The gentamicin-loadedα-TCP/HAP supplies high doses of the antibiotic during the initial 24 hours when they are soaked in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Thereafter, a slower drug release is produced, supplying minimum inhibitory concentration until the end of the experiment (30 days). Studies of growth inhibition ofStaphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosain culture indicated that gentamicin released after 30 days fromα-TCP/HAP biphasic cement retained antibacterial activity.

Effects of the Composition of the Bioactive Composite Calcium Phosphate Cement on Its Behavior in the Solution

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Sheng Liu ◽  
Chien Wen Chen ◽  
Paul Ducheyne
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Phosphate Layer ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Layer

In this paper, the hydration product of calcium phosphate cement with bioactive glass containing Si was used to investigate the effect of chemical composition on its bioactivity. The variation of concentrations of Ca2+, P and Si in TE solution complemented with electrolytes typical for plasma (TEE) and the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate layer on the surface of the materials were investigated by immersing the designed materials in TEE solution in vitro. The results showed that the composition of the bioactive composite CPC greatly affected its behavior in the solution and the formation of bioactive apatite. After immersed in TEE solution, the Ca ions were uptaken for all the samples, showing the decreases of Ca concentration during the entire duration, but the concentration of P ions increased sharply at the initial stage, and then decreased due to the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate layer on the surface of the materials. FTIR revealed that the layer was poorly crystallized Ca-deficient carbonate apatite. The thickness of the layer was more than 12 um, which layer was composed of rod-like apatite with directional arrangement. All the data obtained would be useful for the design and optimization of the orthopedic degradable implant inorganic materials.

In Vivo Behavior of Injectable Fast-Setting Calcium Phosphate Cement

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1625-1627
Author(s):  
Li Min Dong ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Jie Mo Tian ◽  
Qing Feng Zan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
The Right

The in vivo study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenous ability of injectable fast-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC). Eighteen four-week-old New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six groups randomly, three in each group. According to the principle of selfcontrast at the same time, cavities of 5mm in diameter and 6mm in depth were drilled in femoral condyle of rabbits. The materials were implanted into cavities of the left leg, the right leg as the blank control group. Rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks after surgery. The microstructure of specimens was observed using ESEM. The results showed that injectable fast-setting CPC had good fluidity and plasticity; it could be injected into bone defects and fast-set in situ. The start setting time was 5-8 min and the compressive strength was 25-30 MPa. The CPC had good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, and benefited to the repair of bone defects.

Preparation of Calcium Phosphate Cement Utilizing Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate and Calcium Carbonate

2014 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
Nudthakarn Kosachan ◽  
Angkhana Jaroenworaluck ◽  
Sirithan Jiemsirilers ◽  
Supatra Jinawath ◽  
Ron Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Setting Times ◽  
Phosphate Dihydrate

Calcium phosphate cement has been widely used as a bone substitute because of its chemical similarity to natural bone. In this study, calcium phosphate cement was prepared using dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as starting raw materials. The cement pastes were mixed and the chemistry adjusted with two different aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4). Concentrations of the solution were varied in the range 0.5 to 5.0 mol/L with the ratio of solid/liquid = 2 g/ml. The cement paste was then poured into a silicone mold having a diameter of 10 mm and a height 15 mm. Setting times for the cement were measured using a Vicat apparatus. XRD, FT-IR, and SEM techniques were used to characterize properties and microstructure of the cement. From the experimental results, it is clear that different concentrations of Na2HPO4 and NaOH have affected the setting times of the cement. The relationship between concentration of NaOH and Na2HPO4 and setting time, including final properties of the cement, is discussed.

Improving the anti-washout property of calcium phosphate cement by introducing konjac glucomannan/κ-carrageenan blend

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowen Qian ◽  
Xingmei Li ◽  
Fupo He ◽  
Jiandong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Human Cancellous Bone ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Anti-washout calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was prepared by dissolving water-soluble konjac glucomannan (KGM) and κ-carrageenan (KC) blend in the cement liquid. The anti-washout property, setting time, compressive strength and in vitro cytocompatibility of the CPC modified with KGM/KC blend were evaluated. The results indicated that the CPC pastes modified with KGM/KC blend exhibited excellent anti-washout property. The addition of KGM/KC blend shortened the setting time and increased the injectability of CPC. Although the introduction of KGM/KC blend reduced the compressive strength of CPC, the compressive strength still surpassed that of human cancellous bone. The optimal KGM/KC mass ratio was 2:8, with which the modified cement exhibited the most efficient washout resistance and the highest compressive strength. The introduction of KGM/KC blend obviously promoted the proliferation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This anti-washout CPC modified by KGM/KC blend with excellent in vitro cytocompatibility will have good prospects for application in bone defect repair.

Study on Fast-Releasing Calcium Phosphate Cement for Accelerating the Release of Antibiotic

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Mao Hong Li ◽  
Shu Xin Qu ◽  
Ning Yao ◽  
Yu Suo Wang ◽  
Ju Mei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Soluble Component ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Soluble Components

The long-retention of antibiotics in Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC) may induce the development of drug resistance. Fast-releasing CPC containing antibiotics (FRCPC) was proposed as a solution to this problem and studied in this work. The FRCPC containing different proportions of soluble component were prepared and characterized. The setting time, compressive strength, degree of the conversion, in vitro antibiotic release and fracture surface morphology of FRCPC were studied. The results showed that the setting time increased, the compressive strength decreased, the in vitro antibiotic release accelerated with increasing fraction of soluble component in FRCPC. The setting time and compressive strength of FRCPC containing 20 wt% soluble components were close to the requirements of clinical applications, and the in vitro release was completed within 7 d. These results mentioned above showed that the FRCPC with suitable proportions of soluble components may prevent the development of drug resistance and may find applications in clinics.

scholarly journals In VivoEvaluation of an Injectable Premixed Radiopaque Calcium Phosphate Cement

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Åberg ◽  
Eszter Pankotai ◽  
Gry Hulsart Billström ◽  
Miklós Weszl ◽  
Sune Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Bone Ingrowth ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Osteoblast Activity ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Time Strength

In this work a radiopaque premixed calcium phosphate cement (pCPC) has been developed and evaluatedin vivo. Radiopacity was obtained by adding 0–40 % zirconia to the cement paste. The effects of zirconia on setting time, strength and radiopacity were evaluated. In thein vivostudy a 2 by 3.5 mm cylindrical defect in a rat vertebrae was filled with either the pCPC, PMMA or bone chips. Nano-SPECT CT analysis was used to monitor osteoblast activity during bone regeneration. The study showed that by adding zirconia to the cement the setting time becomes longer and the compressive strength is reduced. All materials evaluated in thein vivostudy filled the bone defect and there was a strong osteoblast activity at the injury site. In spite of the osteoblast activity, PMMA blocked bone healing and the bone chips group showed minimal new bone formation. At 12 weeks the pCPC was partially resorbed and replaced by new bone with good bone ingrowth. The radiopaque pCPC may be considered to be used for minimal invasive treatment of vertebral fractures since it has good handling, radiopacity and allows healing of cancellous bone in parallel with the resorption of the cement.

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