scholarly journals Hubungan Karakteristik Topografi dengan Sifat-Sifat Fisika Tanah Studi Kasus: Sub DAS Citarik, DAS Citarum Hulu

SoilREns ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Setiawan ◽  
Mahfud Arifin ◽  
Rachmat Harryanto ◽  
Apong Sandrawati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
Position Index ◽  
Topographic Characteristics

The proper understanding about spatial soil diversity is very important to simulate environmental model and to manage land resources in the landscape scale. Information of soil diversity is also noteworthy for environmental academics, forestry, civil engineering, and land use planner. Until now, most of the soil information are derived from conventional soil maps which are lack of detailed information. This condition can increase the uncertainty of model output and can also be an obstacle to the future development of spatial distribution model. According to this situation, the research was conducted in Sub Watershed of Cikeruh, Citarik, and Citarum Hulu. These areas are located in the 6o53’00”S - 6o53’15” S and 107o45’21”E - 107o45’55”E at 780-1800 m asl, The rainfall is classified as type C according to the Schmidt and Fergusson classification with mean rainfall around 1795.66 mm per year. The soils in the research areas are classified as Inceptisols.  The research aims to analyze and elucidate the relation between topographic characteristics and soil physical properties. Some parameters studied in this research are elevation, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), topographic position index (TPI), and some soil physical properties, such as soil texture (clay, silt, and sand), soil organic carbon, soil bulk density, soil available water capacity, soil porosity and permeability. The results showed that all topographic parameters were related to one or some soil physical properties, except aspect and slope. Topographic variables that are frequently related to soil properties are TPI and TWI. Keywords: topographic characteristics, elevation, aspect, curvature, TWI, TPI, soil physical properties

Forest ecosystem responses to artificially induced soil compaction. I. Soil physical properties and tree diameter growth

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Donnelly ◽  
John B. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Resistance Surface ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Induced Changes

Soil and vegetation responses to artificially imposed surface compaction and the effects of bark mulch on these responses were monitored for a 5-year period within a Quercusalba L. – Quercusvelutina Lam. – Quercusrubra L. forest growing on a loamy sand in northwestern Vermont. Compaction resulted in significant changes in vegetation and soil physical properties. Soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, surface soil moisture, and soil temperature increased following compaction; infiltration capacity and the radial growth of Acerrubrum L. and Q. velutina decreased. Application of bark mulch prior to compaction tended to reduce compaction effects. Postcompaction additions of bark mulch did not result in noticeable amelioration of compaction-induced changes 2 years after application.

scholarly journals Effect of Farming Systems on the Spatial Variability of Soil Physical Properties and Soybean Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ligia Maria Lucas Videira ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Teodoro Silva ◽  
Diego dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Rafael Montanari ◽  
Alan Rodrigo Panosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
High Soil Moisture

In no-tillage (NT) and minimum tillage (MT) areas, spatial variability of soil physical properties may affect crop yield. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial distribution of soil physical properties, as well as the yield components and grain yield of soybean (GY), based on the mapping of areas under soil conservation farming systems. We assessed yield components, GY and the physical properties of an Oxisol, under NT and MT using the t-student test, and geostatistics to assess spatial variability. The largest population of NT plants showed no spatial dependence and did not influence GY, but the components related to plant height and soil properties differed between systems. From a spatial standpoint, the kriging maps demonstrated that mass of one thousand grains (MOG), total porosity (TP) and soil bulk density (BD) influenced GY under NT, whereas TP1 exerted the most influence under high soil moisture conditions and MT. The maps make it possible to assess the spatial distribution of soil physical properties and the influence on GY, making them an important tool for more accurate production planning in soil conservation systems.

scholarly journals Bulk density and porosity of soils influenced by skidding operations in the Nkrankwanta Off-Forest Reserve of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1409-1415
Author(s):  
Ammal Abukari ◽  
Donkor Christian ◽  
Kwame Ochire-Boadu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Increasing Trends

 Heavy forest machinery used in skidding has the capacity to influence the physical properties of soils. These may possibly lead to an upsurge in soil disruption and compaction of the soil surface decreases forest soil fertilities. This study assesses the effects of skidding on some soil physical properties such as the soil bulk density and porosity in the Nkrankwanta off-forest reserve in Ghana. The treatments comprised of four traffic intensity levels (1, 5, 10, and 15 passes) of the Mercedes Benz skidder (MB) Trac 1800 and a slope of two levels (less than 20 % and greater than 20 %) in a completely randomized block design. In addition, porosity and soil bulk density were assessed at varied distances from the MB Trac 1800. Soil bulk density results showed increasing trends with traffic frequency. Soil bulk density measured in the undisturbed area was 0.64 g cm-3 and 0.56 g cm-3 at slopes of less than 20% and greater than 20%, respectively. On the skid trail, soil bulk density significantly increased with traffic frequency (p<0.05). However soil porosity declined. Soil porosity estimated in uninterrupted area was 59.10 % and 57.40 % at < 20% and > 20% slope, respectively. Soil porosity was significantly influenced via different skidder passes (p<0.05). The soil physical properties were not influenced by the steepness of the slope however acted together in the number of passes to influence soil porosity. The impacts of the skidder on soil physical properties were significantly apparent at distances of 2 m to each sideway of the skidding trail. In conclusion, distinct responsiveness ought to be considered throughout the operations of skidding to curtail unfriendly influences on soil physical properties in ground-base skidding.

scholarly journals Response of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafafa) Growth, Yield Parameters and Soil Physical Properties of Ultisol at Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Iroegbu, Chidinma S ◽  
Asawalam, Damian O ◽  
O. A. Dada ◽  
J. E. Orji
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Aim: To determine the effect of different rates of sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM) applied on some soil physical properties of acid sandy Ultisol, and some growth parameters and yield of cocoyam. Study Design: 2 x 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design replicated three times.  Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Eastern farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons. Methodology: The treatments comprised of two manure sources at five levels each: sawdust (0, 2, 10, 15 and 20t/ha) and poultry manure (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8t/ha). The treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, corms, cormels and total yield. Soil samples were collected with core samplers for physical properties such as Soil Bulk density and Total Porosity. All the data collected were subjected to ANOVA for factorial experiment in RCBD at 5% probability level. Results: The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) improved soil bulk density and total porosity with the lowest value obtained with 0t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) increased the leaf area with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. Also, only the increasing rates of treatment applied significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area and cocoyam yield with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Also, the various rates of treatment application significantly (p<0.05) increased the cocoyam yield (weight of corms and cormels) with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Conclusion: Improvement in growth and yield of cocoyam resulted from the improved nutrient status of the soil as a result of the amendments applied.

scholarly journals The Effects of Enclosing Cultivated Land on the Physical Properties of Soil in the Loess Hill Region of Ordos

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Fengna Xue ◽  
Wenbang Gao ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Shanshan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Abstract Protection of the environment by returning farmland to forest and grassland through enclosing areas of land to permit regeneration of native flora is being implemented in the Loess hill region of China. Soil physical properties are important components of ecological systems, as comparisons between cultivated and enclosed areas demonstrate. The results showed: the soil moisture content in the enclosed area was 14.6% and that in the cultivated area was 14%; the soil bulk density and soil porosity were respectively 1.45 g/cm3 and 45.28% in the enclosed areas, and respectively 1.46 g/cm3 and 44.79% in cultivated land. The alteration of soil physical properties was not big between cultivated areas and enclosed areas in the short term.

Soil compaction and recovery cycle on a Southland dairy farm: implications for soil monitoring

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Drewry ◽  
R. J. Paton ◽  
R. M. Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Routine Monitoring

This paper quantifies soil compaction and natural recovery of soil physical properties during a 3-year trial on a dairy farm in Southland, New Zealand. The study investigated the magnitude of soil compaction over spring, and natural recovery of soil physical properties over summer and autumn. Changes in soil physical condition were measured while pastures were intermittently grazed by lactating dairy cows, and also over winter when cows were removed from pasture. Soil bulk density at 0–5 cm increased (P < 0.001) during spring by up to 0.20 Mg/m3. During spring 2000, macroporosity (volumetric % of pores >30 μm) at 0–5 cm decreased (P < 0.001) from 13.5 to 7.5%, with similar trends in spring 2002. Many of the soil physical properties showed significant recovery over summer and autumn. Bulk density decreased (P < 0.001) by 0.09 Mg/m3, from December 2001 to May 2002. Soil macroporosity also recovered markedly during summer and autumn. Macroporosity increased (P < 0.001) from 12.5% in December 2001 to 18% in May 2002. Significant changes in soil compaction and recovery were also measured at 5–10 cm depth. For many soil physical properties, recovery over winter was much less than over summer and autumn. Implications of the compaction and recovery cycle are discussed in terms of measurement protocols appropriate to routine monitoring of soil physical condition.

scholarly journals The Spatial Variability of Soil Physical Properties of Different Sized-gap in a Subtropical Forest, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Supaporn Buajan ◽  
Jinfu Liu ◽  
Zhongsheng He
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Reserve Forest

Gap areas create heterogeneity in the spatial environment, which is important to plant regeneration and diversity. Soil physical properties (SPP) are factors that affect plant growth. This study aims to assess the spatial variability of SPP in different gap sizes and to determine the effect of gap size on SPP. We used geostatistical analysis to illustrate the spatial patterns of SPP variability within 9 gaps, classified into three sizes (small, medium, and large) and under the canopy at the Castanopsis kawakamii natural reserve forest, the soil samples were collected entire gap area at 20 cm depth with the grid system (resolution: 3 m × 3 m). The following SPPs were determined using soil cores: soil bulk density (SBD), soil water mass content (SWMC), soil volumetric moisture content (SVMC), maximum moisture capacity (MMC), capillary water capacity (CWC), minimum water-holding capacity (MWHC), soil capillary porosity (SCP), and soil total porosity (STP). We found that every SPP, except SCP and STP, significantly differed with gap size. Gap sizes generally improved the SPPs, especially in the small and large gaps, indicating that the soil there was more suitable for plant growth than the soil under the canopy. The highest spatial variability of SPPs was observed in the large gaps. Gap size affected SPP and its spatial variability. The results from this study will be useful for work on forest gap regeneration and conservation, especially around the study site.

scholarly journals Spatial variability in the physical properties of an Oxisol under coffee cultivation in the Brazilian Cerrado

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Cinara Xavier de Almeida ◽  
Danilo Ferreira Mendes ◽  
Ricardo Falqueto Jorge ◽  
Juliano Marques Pinto ◽  
George Deroco Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
The City

The physical properties of the soil are limiting factors for coffee cultivation and yields.  Therefore, we analyzed spatial variability in the physical properties of a clayey Oxisol under coffee cultivation. The experiment was carried out on 14-hectares of a coffee (Coffea arabica) plantation in the city of Monte Carmelo, in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Soil samples were collected from two layers (0 - 0.1 m and 0.1 - 0.2 m) at 61 grid-points spaced at 50 x 50 meters.  These samples were saturated to determine total porosity and soil bulk density. Soil resistance readings were also taken from the same grid points and layers using an impact penetrometer. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate all variables. Additionally, geostatistics were used to model spatial variability within the soil physical properties. Variographic analysis was performed using semivariograms. We found that density, total porosity and soil resistance to penetration varied throughout the study area, which demonstrates that management type can alter soil physical properties and that maps generated by geostatistics can help coffee growers make decisions related to soil management.

scholarly journals USE OF SCALED SEMIVARIOGRAMS IN THE PLANNING SAMPLE OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN SOUTHERN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Eleotério de Aquino ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
José Marques Junior ◽  
Ivanildo Amorim de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The State ◽  
Sample Density

There is a great lack of information from soil surveys in the southern part of the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The use of tools such as geostatistics may improve environmental planning, use and management. In this study, we aimed to use scaled semivariograms in sample design of soil physical properties of some environments in Amazonas. We selected five areas located in the south of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, with varied soil uses, such as forest, archaeological dark earth (ADE), pasture, sugarcane cropping, and agroforestry. Regular mesh grids were set up in these areas with 64 sample points spaced at 10 m from each other. At these points, we determined the particle size composition, soil resistance to penetration, moisture, soil bulk density and particle density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, and aggregate stability in water at a depth of 0.00-0.20 m. Descriptive and geostatistical analyses were performed. The sample density requirements were lower in the pasture area but higher in the forest. We concluded that managed-environments had differences in their soil physical properties compared to the natural forest; notably, the soil in the ADE environment is physically improved in relation to the others. The physical properties evaluated showed a structure of spatial dependence with a slight variability of the forest compared to the others. The use of the range parameter of the semivariogram analysis proved to be effective in determining an ideal sample density.

Changes in soil physical properties after one pass of a sugarcane haulout unit

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Braunack ◽  
T. C. Peatey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Cone Resistance ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Control Traffic

Summary. Field trials were established at different locations within the Herbert River area near Ingham in North Queensland to assess the ratooning ability and yield of sugarcane after a wet harvest. Treatments consisted of harvesting under dry conditions and then applying 50 mm of irrigation, followed by no traffic (control), traffic of a haulout unit directly over the harvested row (traffic treatment), and traffic as above with the application of further irrigation to maintain wet soil conditions (traffic + water treatment). Undisturbed soil cores were collected from the row before harvest and after treatment imposition to assess the change in soil physical properties due to traffic. Soil cone resistance was also measured. Soil physical properties changed significantly after traffic with increases in soil bulk density and soil cone resistance and decreases in saturated hydraulic conductivity. The greatest change occurred in the top 20 cm of the profile. Yield at one site was significantly reduced after traffic and the effect was enhanced in the presence of water after traffic. It is suggested that to maintain good soil conditions in the row all traffic should be restricted to the central part of the inter-row. One way to achieve this is to match crop row spacing with equipment track widths.

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