scholarly journals Soviet Poetic Underground in Critical and Scientific Coverage (First Article)

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-247
Author(s):  
N. S. Chizhov
Keyword(s):  
Moral Foundations ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Active Subject ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cultural Movement ◽  
Poetic Culture ◽  
Creative Forces

The results of a research of literary critical works devoted to the study of Soviet under-ground poetry in the 1960s and 70s are presented in the review article. It is shown how the process of liberation of unofficial poetic culture from the collectivist attitudes of Soviet ideology and the search by its representatives for the spiritual and moral foundations of life and creativity was highlighted in the sam- and tamizdat periodicals. Special attention in the review is payed to the reflection of uncensored criticism in relation to the problems of restoring the connection with the literary tradition of the Silver Age by nonconformist poets and the formation of new principles of artistic writing in their work. In the context of these processes, the value nature of the phenomenon of “Christian Renaissance” in underground poetry, its role in the development of modernist poetic culture in the second half of the 20th century is revealed. In the light of literary-critical reception, the concept of “cultural movement” is considered as a strategy for uniting creative forces in the literary underground, which determines the value horizons of unofficial poetry. It is substantiated that the “cultural movement” was interpreted by uncensored criticism from the standpoint of its ideological and institutional self-sufficiency, the ability to be an active subject of Russian and world culture.

The Emergence of Business Groups: Israel and South Korea Compared

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Maman
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Korean State

This paper examines the emergence of business groups in Israel and South Korea. The paper questions how, in very different institutional contexts, similar economic organizations emerged. In contrast to the political, cultural and market perspectives, the comparative institutional analysis adopted in this research suggests that one factor alone could not explain the emergence of business groups. In Israel and South Korea, business groups emerged during the 1960s and 1970s, and there are common factors underlying their formation: state-society relations, the roles and beliefs of the elites, and the relative absence of multinational corporations in the economy. To a large extent, the chaebol are the result of an intended creation of the South Korean state, whereas the Israeli business groups are the outcome of state policies in the economic realm. In both countries, the state elite held a developmental ideology, did not rely on market forces for economic development, and had a desire for greater economic and military self-sufficiency. In addition, both states were recipients of large grants and loans from other countries, which made them less dependent on direct foreign investments. As a result, the emerging groups were protected from the intense competition of multinational corporations.

scholarly journals V. I. Vernadsky's Concept of Biosphere in the Grip of Ideology

2021 ◽  
pp. 033-046
Author(s):  
G. P. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The 1960S

The concept of V. I. Vernadsky about the geological eternity of life from the very beginning provoked fierce resistance from the official Soviet ideology. As a result of constant pressure from censorship, his work did not receive scientific discussion, recognition and development. The most fundamental and important books were published long after the death of their author. The revival of the concept of the biosphere began only in the 1960s. Today, we are on the verge of recognizing the scientific paradigm of the new geocentrism, resulting from the biosphere cosmology of V. I. Vernadsky.

Ukrainian Samvydav: A Form of Soviet Dissent – Український Самвидав як Форма Радянського Інакомислення

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-458
Author(s):  
Olena A. Shanovs’ka
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Soviet Dissent ◽  
Opposition Movement

Ukrainian samvydav literature served as a potent and popular response to Soviet ideology and its moral-ethical worldview. Samvydav writings illuminate the main ideological trends in the opposition movement in Ukraine in the 1960s to 1980s. Samvydav publications reached a third peak between 1965 and 1972, and gained particular influence and reach with the appearance in 1970 of the Ukrajins’kij visnyk (the Ukrainian Bulletin), a samvydav periodical. This study, based on extensive archival materials, reveals how Ukrainian samvydav served as a vehicle for Ukrainian national self-assertion, and analyzes how the broad appeal and dissemination of this literature displays the continuing struggle by Ukrainians for national self-determination through these turbulent decades.

scholarly journals УПРАВЛІННЯ СІЛЬСЬКИМ ГОСПОДАРСТВОМ ПІВНІЧНОГО РЕГІОНУ В СИСТЕМІ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Валентин Олександрович Іванов
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The 1960S

Agriculture and commercial economy of the Northern zone developed together with the development of the territory, is a way of life of the peoples rooted here. It was based on centuries-old agricultural traditions taking into account the extreme harsh natural conditions and agricultural features. The agro-industrial farm is designed to provide the population with biologically complete local food products, perform a social function. The purpose of the article is the sustainable development of agricultural production, providing an increase in the level of food self-sufficiency of the population of the northern territories on the example of the Komi Republic. The subject of the study is the process of managing the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The research methods used were systematic, comparative analysis, analogies, statistical, generalization of accumulated experience. The hypothesis of the study. The development of local agricultural production will increase food self-sufficiency, which will lead to savings in investments in transport, reduce product losses and improve its quality. Presentation of the main material. The possibilities and limitations of the development of northern agriculture are revealed. The trends in the development of the agricultural sector in the 1960s-1980s and in the conditions of market transformations are considered. The reasons for the decline in agricultural production, the reduction of the coefficient of food self-sufficiency are established. Priorities for the development of agriculture have been determined. Practical significance. Conclusions and recommendations can be taken into account by the Ministry of Agriculture and Consumer Market of the Komi Republic and other government bodies when determining the directions for improving state policy on the development of the agricultural sector. Conclusions of the study. Sustainable development of agriculture and increasing food self-sufficiency will require strengthening innovative modernization, the formation of a multi-layered agrarian economy, improving the economic mechanism, priority development of rural infrastructure, improving the level and quality of life of peasants.

Greening the Mainstream, 1968–1980

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venus Bivar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cultural Movement

The success of the productivity drive led to surplus problems by the end of the 1960s. French and European policy makers demanded even greater efficiencies, largely by way of farming less land and moving into high-value low-output niche production. The simultaneous rise of environmentalism justified the removal of land from production. By the 1970s, the SAFER was overseeing the creation of nature reserves and recreational areas, while new guidelines for remembrement required environmental planning. High-value low-output production was not only adopted by the mainstream. As part of the growing counter-cultural movement, urban youth moved to the countryside to farm. As niche markets grew, thanks to a growing demand from consumers for a greener world, the Ministry of Agriculture took notice. Along with the new Fédération nationale d'agriculture biologique (FNAB), the Ministry created official standards for organic production, institutionalizing a movement that had spent several decades at the margins.

Sea Change

Coastal Sage ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Local Management ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Cultural Movement

In the 1960s and early 1970s a profound shift in the Golden State’s history was taking place. The convergence of California’s counter-cultural movement, a Bay Area conservation effort, public insistence on beach access at the Sea Ranch development along the Sonoma coast, the Santa Barbara oil spill, and the struggle to pass environmental legislation in Sacramento catalyzed a robust, grass roots ecological consciousness. This consciousness, which spread nationwide, was resident in Douglas. The sea change in public thinking about the importance of protecting the environment that was taking place paved the way for statewide, as opposed to merely local, management of California’s shore.

Arno Babajanian: “Radicalisms” of the 1960s

10.34690/212 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 202-211
Author(s):  
Мария Викторовна Шатрашанова
Keyword(s):  
Avant Garde ◽  
Soviet Art ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
Soviet Music

Пришедшие в отечественную музыку в 1960-е годы западные новации были встречены бурной критикой со стороны хранителей «чистоты» советского искусства. Композиторы и их сочинения, созданные с применением новых техник, рассматривались как идеологически опасные. Однако творческие эксперименты некоторых авторов получили официальное одобрение. Среди них был А. Бабаджанян, который в равной степени уловил модные тенденции времени как в сфере академической музыки (додекафония в «Шести картинах»), так и в сфере массовой эстрадной песни (твисты «Королева красоты» и «Лучший город земли»). В статье анализируются его новации в обеих областях. Western innovations that came to Soviet music in 1960s were met with harsh criticism from the guardians of the “purity” of Soviet art. Composers and their works, which were created using avant-garde techniques, were considered as dangerous for soviet ideoLogy. However, creative experiments of some authors have received approval Among them was A. Babajanian, who picked up the modern tendencies both in the academic music (dodecaphony in “Six Pictures”) and mass pop song (twists “KoroLeva krasoty” and “Luchshiy gorod zemLi”). His innovations in these two areas are anaLyzed in the articLe.

Cinema of Attractions versus Narrative Cinema: Leonid Gaidai’s Comedies and El'dar Riazanov’s Satires of the 1960s

Slavic Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Still Image ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
Narrative Cinema ◽  
Visual Style ◽  
Visual Attraction ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The 1960S

Leonid Gaidai’s comedies of the 1960s owed their phenomenal success to Gaidai’s visual style of humor, which starkly contrasted to verbal instantiations of official Soviet ideology within narrative-driven Soviet cinema. An attentive comparison between Gaidai’s comedies and the satirical films of El'dar Riazanov accounts for the outstanding popularity of the former and the more modest success of the latter. What makes Gaidai unique is his interest in visual, especially physical, humor. Gaidai privileged key elements of physical comedy, such as the primacy of visual over verbal humor, an exhibitionistic enlargement of the human body as a comic attraction, the transition from a still image to a moving picture as a visual attraction, and, most important, a chain of loosely connected sight gags (which became his signature structure) over a coherent and cohesive narrative. By contrast, Riazanov’s satires tended to mock social vices and therefore relied heavily on a goal-oriented ideological narrative.

Food supply and agricultural self-sufficiency in contemporary Iran

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
National Income ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Iran was preeminently and agricultural country until recent times. Growth of oil production, exports and revenues during the course of the twentieth century led increasingly to it playing an expanded but rather geographically and economically restricted role in the structures of both employment and national income. As late as the 1960s, more than half of all Iranians in gainful employment were to be found in agriculture or related activities and most Iranians were essentially rural dwellers. Only with the advent of land reform and other upheavals in the countryside from 1961 was there a marked change in the situation. Whatever its other merits, land reform overthrew a form of equilibrium in rural areas that had previously fostered conservatism, isolation and immobility. Among the changes brought in the train of reforms enforced by the central authorities beginning in the early 1960s were displacement of population at an accelerating rate. Rural People left agricultural employment and, as soon as opportunity presented itself, moved from the villages to the towns.

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