scholarly journals Improvement of the Mechanical Characteristics of Fiber Metal Laminate (FMLs) Used for Aircraft Wing Using Epoxy-Resole

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Saad Theeyab Faris ◽  
Ali Adwan Al-katawy ◽  
Ahmed Mohammad Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Lower Ratio

The Fiber Metal Laminates (FMLs) was studied and improved the mechanical properties were used for aircraft wing. The FMLs are consisting of metal sheets reinforced with fiber bonded by matrix phase. The FMLs consist of seven layers to produce the Hybrid composite materials that made from 2024-T3 Aluminuim sheets with carbon and glass fibers as reinforcement and bonded using adhesion materials that are locally manufactured from resole resin with adding using epoxy resin. By using the FMLs, the mechanical characteristics have been improved and the weight of the aircraft wing has been reduced. The mechanical characteristics have been improved comparing to other FMLs using commercial epoxy. The FMLs with carbon and glass fibers have high tensile strength and elastic modulus but low yield and elongation comparing with the FMLs of carbon fibers as a reinforcement. The flexural modulus and impact toughness is high for the FMLs with glass fiber comparing with jute fibers with adding using carbon fiber as areinforcement.The Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (ARALLs) have low fatigue strength than FMLs using carbon fiber as reinforcement. The FMLs are lower ratio of ultimate to yield strength and density than 2024-T3 Aluminum alloy that commonly used in aircraft wing.

scholarly journals Improvement and Properties of Fiber Metal Laminates Used in Aircraft Wing by Using Graphite-Polyester

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Kadhum ◽  
Saad T. Faris ◽  
Ali A. Al-katawy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 2024 ◽  
Metal Layers

The main objective of this study is to reduce weight and to improve the mechanical properties of aircraft wing by using Hybrid materials known as fiber metal laminates (FMLs). They are new age of engineering materials, which consist of metal layers reinforced with fibers emerged by matrix phase.  In this study, seven layers were used to produce the FMLs, which are consist of aluminum alloy2024-T3 reinforced by carbon and glass fibers bonded with using blend of graphite-polyester as adhesion. The Carbon Glass Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CAGRALLs) is used as FMLs. The results show that the CAGRALLs give better in mechanical properties because of increasing in tensile strength, yield strength, , elastic modulus, elongation at fracture, flexural modulus and impact toughness except flexural strength by comparing with FMLs by using commercial epoxy as adhesion for other researchers. The increasing in layers is led to weaken adhesion force between layers of FMLs that led to decrease almost mechanical properties. The FMLs has good mechanial properties by using carbon and glass fiber by comparing with carbon and jute fibers. The CAGRALLs have the higher numbers of cycles at failure under cyclic loadings than Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (ARALLs). The CAGRALLs have the lower density by comparing with aluminum alloy 2024-T3 and steel that used in manufacturing of aircraft wing.

scholarly journals Improving the Mechanical Properties of Fiber Metal Laminate Composite Used in Aircraft Wing

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammad Kadum ◽  
Ali A. Al-katawy ◽  
Saad T. Faris ◽  
Ehklas E. Kader
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Laminate Composite ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 2024

The purpose of this study is to reduce weight and improve the mechanical properties of aircraft wing using Hybrid materials known as fiber metal laminates (FMLs). In this study, seven layers were used to produce the FMLs that consist of aluminum alloy2024-T3 reinforced by carbon and glass fibers bonded with blend of epoxy-resole. The Carbon Glass Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CAGRALLs) was used as FMLs. The results showed that The CAGRALLs gave good mechanical properties because of increasing in tensile strength, elongation at fracture and impact toughness except flexural strength by comparing with other FMLs using commercial epoxy. The increasing in layers led to weaken adhesion force between layers of FMLs caused decreasing almost mechanical properties. The FMLs has good mechanical properties by using carbon and glass fibers by comparing with carbon and jute fibers. The CAGRALLs have higher numbers of cycles at failure under cyclic loadings than Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (ARALLs). The CAGRALLs have lower density by comparing with aluminum alloy 2024-T3 that used in manufacturing of aircraft wing.

scholarly journals The DESIGN OF FIBER METAL LAMINATE AS A BODY MATERIAL WITH CARBON FIBER METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Oktober) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Muhammad Juliansyah Winarto ◽  
Lalu Saefullah ◽  
Willem Loe Mau
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Vehicle Engine ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Combat Vehicle ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Armored Vehicle

The combat vehicles that Indonesia Army belong to most of the materials are steel, for example the armored vehicle anoa 6x6. Steel material is used as a fire protection on the vehicle, it will greatly affect the performance of the vehicle. It is caused the steel material has a high density, which is around 7750 kg/m3to 8050 kg/m3. So, with a large enough volume of the vehicle body, it will increase the burden of the vehicle. As well as the engine load will increase, and more power is needed to be able to move the vehicle. Seeing these problems, it is necessary to have a research or study on alternative materials to replace the body of a combat vehicle that can withstand fire from opposing weapons that cause personnel to be injured. In this study, experimental and simulation methods were used using the ansys application to analyze the strength of the composite material in the form of an aluminum layer that had been treated to increase the hardness value. Furthermore, it is coated with a composite material using a carbon fiber matrix of epoxy, HGM and polyurethane. The coating material is called Fiber Metal Laminate (FML), so the material used has a lighter density, the load received by the vehicle engine is lighter, and the performance of the vehicle will be more effective and efficient.

Hybrid effects of carbon fiber and nanoclay as fillers on the performances of recycled wood-plastic composites

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7671-7686
Author(s):  
Young-Rok Seo ◽  
Sang-U Bae ◽  
Birm-June Kim ◽  
Min Lee ◽  
Qinglin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Impact

Waste wood-plastic composite (WPC) was used in this work as a raw material to produce recycled WPCs reinforced with carbon fiber and nanoclay. To evaluate the synergistic effects of carbon fiber and nanoclay, various performances (i.e., microstrucural, mechanical, thermal, water absorption, and electrical properties) were investigated. Scanning electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction analysis of the fillers (carbon fiber and nanoclay) present in the recycled WPCs showed that the nanoclays were properly intercalated when filled with carbon fibers. According to mechanical property analysis, hybrid incorporation of carbon fibers and nanoclays improved impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. However, further incorporation of nanoclays reduced the impact strength and did not improve the tensile modulus or the flexural modulus. The carbon fibers present in the recycled WPCs improved the electrical conductivity of the composites, despite the various fillers that interfered with their electrical conduction. In addition, carbon fibers and nanoclays were mixed into the recycled WPCs to improve the thermal stability of the composites. Finally, the presence of nanoclays in recycled WPCs led to increased water uptake of the composites.

Feasibility and Characterization of Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing With Long Fiber Reinforced Composites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya R. Thakur ◽  
Ming C. Leu ◽  
Xiangyang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Long Carbon Fibers

Abstract A new additive manufacturing (AM) approach to fabricate long fiber reinforced composites (LFRC) was proposed in this study. A high deposition rate was achieved by the implementation of a single-screw extruder, which directly used thermoplastic pellets and continuous fiber tows as feedstock materials. Thus, the proposed method was also used as a large-scale additive manufacturing (LSAM) method for printing large-volume components. Using polylactic acid (PLA) pellets and continuous carbon fiber tows, the feasibility of the proposed AM method was investigated through printing LFRC samples and further demonstrated by fabricating large-volume components with complex geometries. The printed LFRC samples were compared with pure thermoplastic and continuous fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) counterparts via mechanical tests and microstructural analyses. With comparable flexural modulus, the flexural strength of the LFRC samples was slightly lower than that of the CFRC samples. An average improvement of 28% in flexural strength and 50% in flexural modulus were achieved compared to those of pure PLA parts, respectively. Discontinuous long carbon fibers, with an average fiber length of 20.1 mm, were successfully incorporated into the printed LFRC samples. The carbon fiber orientation, distribution of carbon fiber length, and dispersion of carbon fiber as well as porosity were further studied. The carbon fibers were highly oriented along the printing direction with a relatively uniformly distributed fiber reinforcement across the LFRC cross section. With high deposition rate (up to 0.8 kg/hr) and low material costs (< $10/kg), this study demonstrated the potentials of the proposed printing method in LSAM of high strength polymer composites reinforced with long carbon fibers.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Influence of Fibers on the Formability of Metal Blanks in Manufacturing Processes for Fiber Metal Laminates

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mennecart ◽  
Soeren Gies ◽  
Noomane Ben Khalifa ◽  
A. Erman Tekkaya
Keyword(s):  
Contact Forces ◽  
Starting Time ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
One Step ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
The One ◽  
Metal Blank

In the one-step manufacturing process for fiber metal laminate parts, the so-called in situ hybridization process, the fabrics are interacting with metal blanks. During deep drawing, the liquid matrix is injected between the metal sheets through the woven fiber layers. The metal blanks can be in contact with dry or with infiltrated fibers. The formability of the blanks is influenced by the variation of the starting time of injection. The reason for that is that, due to high contact forces, the fibers are able to deform the metal surface locally, so that movement and the strain of the blanks is inhibited. To investigate the influence of different fibers on the formability of metals, Nakazima tests are performed. In these tests, two metal blanks are formed with an interlayer of fibers. The results are compared with the formability of two blanks without any interlayer. It is shown that in with fibers between sheets, the formability decreases compared to the formability of two metal blanks without interlayers. Based on a simplified numerical model for different types of fibers, the interactions of the fibers with the metal blank are analyzed. It could be shown that the friction due to contact has more influence than the friction due to the form fit caused by the imprints.

scholarly journals Influence of microfillers addition on the flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110316
Author(s):  
IA Abdulganiyu ◽  
INA Oguocha ◽  
AG Odeshi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Cfrp Composites ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Flexural Loading

The effects of microfiller addition on the flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic (CFRP) matrix composites were investigated. The CFRP was produced using colloidal silica and silicon carbide (SiC) microfillers, 2 D woven carbon fibers, and two variants of phenolic resole (HRJ-15881 and SP-6877). The resins have the same phenol and solid content but differ in their viscosities and HCHO (formaldehyde) content. The weight fractions of microfillers incorporated into the phenolic matrix are 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2 wt.%. Flexural properties were determined using a three-point bending test and the damage evolution under flexural loading was investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the reinforcement of phenolic resins with carbon fibers increased the flexural strength of the HRJ-15881 and SP-6877 by 508% and 909%, respectively. The flexural strength of the CFRP composites further increased with the addition of SiC particles up to 1 wt.% SiC but decreased with further increase in the amount of SiC particles. On the other hand, the flexural modulus of the CFRP composites generally decreased with the addition of SiC microfiller. Both the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the CFRP did not improve with the addition of colloidal silica particles. The decrease in flexural properties is caused by the agglomeration of the microfillers, with colloidal silica exhibiting more tendency for agglomeration than SiC. The fractured surfaces revealed fiber breakage, matrix cracking, and delamination under flexural loading. The tendency for failure worsened at microfiller addition of ≥1.5 wt.%.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Composites Made of Commingled Carbon Fiber / Nylon Fiber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuki Ono ◽  
Masachika Yamane ◽  
Shuichi Tanoue ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamashita ◽  
Hideyuki Uematsu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Molding Pressure ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resin Impregnation ◽  
Commingled Yarns

Fiber-opening treatment of commingled yarns consisting of thermoplastic nylon fibers and carbon fibers could produce superior CFRTP, but few studies toward that end have been conducted. In this study, we investigated whether an open weave fabric consisting of commingled yarns made of carbon and nylon fibers could shorten the impregnation distance of resin to carbon fibers, and there are few reports on the design of fabrics by opening carbon fiber bundles consisting of commingled yarns. From this study, following are cleared. The impregnation speed of the nylon resin on the carbon fiber was very fast, less than 1 minute. As the molding time increased, the tensile strength and tensile fracture strain slightly decreased and the nylon resin deteriorated. The effects of molding time on flexural strength, flexural modulus, and flexural fracture strain were negligible. From the cross-sectional observation conducted to confirm the impregnation state of the matrix resin, no voids were observed in the molded products regardless of molding time or molding pressure, indicating that resin impregnation into the carbon fiber bundle of the open-fiber mixed yarn fabric was completed at a molding pressure of 5 MPa and a molding time of 5 min.

scholarly journals Springback Behavior of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Laminates With Metal Cover Layers in V-Die Bending

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Hahn ◽  
Nooman Ben Khalifa ◽  
Christian Weddeling ◽  
Arash Shabaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Metal Layers ◽  
Springback Behavior ◽  
Suitable Process

The V-die bending of a carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminate bonded to thin cover layers made of microalloyed steel was investigated. Such hybrid semifinished products are gaining importance in transport-related lightweight designs. Experiments were conducted for different forming temperatures and dwell times to determine suitable process parameters. The punch radius was varied to evaluate its influence on the springback/negative springback of the fiber–metal laminate (FML). The results, which are in good accordance with a simple analytical model, showed that the solidification of the composite core can compensate for the springback of the metal layers. Micrographs further revealed that the fiber orientation can affect the thickness distribution in the bend area.

A Pull-Shear Test for Debonding of FRP- Laminates for Concrete Structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 399 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Lluís Gil ◽  
Juan José Cruz ◽  
Marco Antonio Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Shear Test ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Near Future

The reinforcement of concrete structures with laminates of carbon fibers CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) began in the 1970’s but laminates were not used extensively until the 1990’s.Nowadays it is one of the most promising technologies due to the good mechanical characteristics of the laminates and their easy manipulation. In the near future, laminates will play a fundamental role in the rehabilitation projects of buildings. Laminates bond to the concrete by means of resins of epoxy type. The capability of the reinforcement depends directly on the proper behavior of the interface laminate-concrete. The laminate helps to bear loads while the concrete is able to transfer stresses to the laminate. The safety factor of the reinforcement can be guaranteed if we can predict the behavior at the interface between both materials. In this work a test of pure shear has been developed to better understand the behavior at the interface between the laminate and the concrete.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document