scholarly journals Task sharing and performance of Caesarean section by the Assistant Medical Officers in Tanzania: What have we learned?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Nathanael Sirili ◽  
Lilian Mselle ◽  
Amani Anaeli ◽  
Siriel Massawe
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Task Sharing ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Sharing Strategy ◽  
Training Schools ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The 1960S

Background: Since the 1960s, Tanzania adopted the task shifting which was later termed task-sharing strategy in efforts to address the critical shortage of health workforce. However, poor maternal health indicators have remained a big challenge despite this strategy having introduced mid-level cadres (Assistant Medical Officers) capable of performing roles that otherwise were performed by doctors at the district level. Objective: To analyse lessons from the performance of Caesarean section by Assistant Medical Officers (AMOs) in Tanzania as part of the task sharing strategy. Methods: An exploratory qualitative case study was carried out where 10 key informant interviews with AMOs and 4 focused group discussions with AMO trainees were conducted in 4 selected districts and 2 AMO training schools in Tanzania. With the aid of Nvivo10 qualitative software, content analysis was performed to the gathered data. Results: Performance of the Caesarean section by the AMOs is motivated by the support from various stakeholders towards improving the performance of Caesarean section. Frustrating work environment and poor incentive system are major demotivators to the performance of the Caesarean section by the AMOs. Conclusions: More than 5 decades since the introduction of AMOs through task sharing, the performance of caesarean section by these cadres face more demotivators than the motivators. Efforts should be focused on improving the work environment and provision of appropriate incentives to the AMOs. Also, more stakeholders should be engaged to support the performance of caesarean section by the AMOs for realisation of the objectives of task sharing strategy.

Roles of Interpersonal Relationships in Improving Organizational Performances in the Case of Hospital Nurses

2010 ◽  
pp. 172-189
Author(s):  
Murako Saito
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Work Demand ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Organizational Performances

In this chapter, a comparison of organizational performances representing team reciprocity, communication accuracy, and performance reliability was made with participants’ competence of emotional regulation, communication type, and also with the appreciation level of professional work based on our empirical studies on healthcare organization. The results in case study 1 suggest that team reciprocity is significantly influenced by the type of communication, face–to–face (FTF) and computer mediating communication (CMC). The results in case study 2 suggest that interpersonal relationship management played important roles in giving critical effects on organizational performance of team reciprocity, communication accuracy, and performance reliability. The results in case study 3 suggest that appreciation degree of team and organization goals gave significant effects on team reciprocity and performance reliability. Causal relationships among structural variables on work environment, communication, and organizational performances in case study 1, and causal relationships among work demand, organizational environment, and fairness in case study 3, were discussed. Quality of healthcare evaluated by organizational performance is influenced by the condition of how interpersonal relationship plays a role in managing emotional regulation, communication, and appreciation of the work environment. Most of the organizational issues are related with loss of con- fidence and trust among the participants of the organization, which stems largely from inappropriate alignment of interpersonal relationships.

scholarly journals An overview of in situ digital canopy photography in forestry

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Chianucci
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Leaf Inclination ◽  
Normal Lens ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
Phenological Monitoring

Since the 1960s, canopy photography has been widely used in forestry. Hemispherical photography has been the most widely used technique, but a great drawback of this method is its perceived sensitivity to hemispherical image acquisition and processing. Over the last decade, several alternative photographic approaches using restricted view angle have been proposed. Cover photography acquired via a normal lens was the first of the recently introduced photographic techniques. Use of a restricted view (often fixed) lens has subsequently contributed to the extension of canopy photography to new sensors and platforms, which ultimately have provided answers to some previous challenges regarding within-crown clumping correction, isolated and urban tree measurements, understory assessment, operational leaf inclination angle measurements, and phenological monitoring. This study provides a comprehensive review of the use of canopy photography in forestry and describes the theory and definitions of the variables used to quantify canopy structure. A case study is presented to illustrate and compare the different features and performance of the existing overstory photographic techniques; the results make it possible to suggest sampling strategies for consistent overstory canopy photographic measurements. Emerging operational fields of canopy photography are also described and discussed.

scholarly journals Antarctica Crossing World Record: A Case Study on the Use of Functional Nutrition and Its Effect on Nutrient Demand, Body Composition and Selected Biomarkers of Performance (P12-052-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Kern ◽  
Kristine Polley ◽  
Meghan Hamrock ◽  
Weston Bussler ◽  
Karma James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Standard Process ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Chronic high-intensity exercise in extreme conditions requires high nutrient demand and places high strain on an athlete's body. Without balanced nutrition, these challenges will result in caloric deficit, loss of muscle mass and have associated negative physiological effects. Optimal nutrition can help manage and mitigate limits of extreme human performance and support recovery. Methods Purpose: To assess the impact of a high caloric, nutrient dense sport bar (52% fat, 13% protein, 35% carbohydrate) (Standard Process Inc, Palmyra, WI) on select health indicators of a male elite adventure athlete before and after a 932 mi trek across Antarctica. The subject performed the excursion solo and unsupported, with no replenishment of food/drink, using his own physical strength to trek 932 mi. Estimated daily caloric needs were ∼10,000 kcal/d. 4908 kcals of this demand was consumed in the form of a sport bar (4 bars, 1187 kcal/bar) including nutrient- and phytonutrient-dense ingredients, as well as a protein powder supplement (1 serving, 160 kcal). Post-event dietary review indicated ∼8000 kcal/d were consumed over the 54-d prolonged hours (10 + h/d) of constant activity. Results Pre- to post- trek body weight decreased by 6.8 kg. Total fat mass and body fat % decreased, 0.81 kg and 1%, respectively, and total lean muscle mass decreased by 0.21 kg (DXA, Discovery A; Hologic Inc.). Post-trek blood analysis revealed normal hsCRP (<1.0 mg/L), and increases in vitamins such as B12 (by 293pg/ml) and vitamin D (by 80 ng/dl). Increases in lactate dehydrogenase (by 197 U/L), and two liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT, by 213 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 28 U/L) were also observed. Cortisol levels were moderately elevated (increase by 3.2 ug/dL) while testosterone (364.3 ng/dL) and estradiol (20 pg/nL) levels were in low normal range. Conclusions This case study suggests optimizing nutrition with a nutrient-dense proprietary bar formula can effectively minimize weight loss and support muscle mass, compared to average weight losses of 18 kg reported in studies of similar activity using less than optimized diet plans. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm health benefits of Standard Process sports bars on the nutritional status and performance of athletes participating in frequent organized training and performance challenges. Funding Sources This research was funded by Standard Process, Inc.

scholarly journals Literatura Comparada e Estudos de Performance: tendências, diálogos e desafios no limiar da transdiciplinaridade

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Maurício Bragança
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The 1960S

Resumo: O artigo pretende problematizar o diálogo entre literatura e estudos de performance no que tange ao questionamento do próprio conceito de literatura a partir da emergência de novas teorias da cultura após a década de 1960. De feição transdisciplinar, os estudos de performance convocam, na sua interface com o texto literário, um novo tipo de leitor a partir de um movimento que transforma o texto em ato. Como estudo de caso, convocamos um texto-manifesto de Guillermo Gómez-Peña que performatiza seu discurso através da transgressão às convenções literárias, sem deixar de dialogar com uma tradição de construção deste tipo de narrativa.Palavras-Chave: Literatura comparada; estudos de performance; transdisciplinaridade.Abstract: This article aims to present a dialogue between literature and performance studies based on the new concepts of literature from the emergence of new theories of culture after the 1960s. Marked by transdisciplinarity, the performance studies need a new type of reader at its interface with the literary text, from a movement that transforms the text into action. As a case study, we call a manifest text by Guillermo Gómez-Peña who performs his speech by transgression of literary conventions, while dialogues with a tradition of this kind of narrative.Keywords: Comparative literature; performance studies; transdisciplinarity.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Theoretizing A New Sustainable Business Event: Extension of Mair and Jago Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Norol Hamiza Zamzuri ◽  
Khairil Wahidin Awang ◽  
Yuhanis Abdul Aziz ◽  
Zaiton Samdin
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Business Events ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Event Based

The growth of the event sector is underpinned by the demand of organizing a business event.  Thus, it leads to an increase in economic and social impact. However, the problems from the growth of this sector potentially results from the use of several event materials, transportation and infrastructure development.  Organizing a green event is seen as one of the strategies to reduce the environmental impact.  Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the issues involved throughout the process of greening an event by applying Mair and Jago Model.  Semi-structured interviews were conducted with event managers from six Malaysia business event companies that encourage green practices during their event.  Findings suggest that impact, initiative, support and performance motivates event organizers in organizing a green event.  It has also been found that knowledge, resources and behaviour are the barriers faced by event organizers throughout the process of organizing a green event.  Based on the findings it appears that two important factors have emerged from the data collection and analysis that showed a deviation from the Mair and Jago Model, namely “impact” for the motivation element and “support” for the barrier element.  The main limitation of this study was the scope of the study; as it only focuses on business events.  However, as the main purpose of this study is to explore the issues of organizing a green event, it has been found that there are other issues need to be explored in other contexts and geographical area.  Apart from this, as this is a case study, it can only replicate according to the circumstances of this case study. However, this study can be generalized in terms of the theory that has emerged from it.  It is suggested that further research should explore more issues in other contexts and geographical areas. 

When Culturally Significant Songs are Decontextualised: The Initiation Song Somagwaza, A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dowling ◽  
Somikazi Deyi ◽  
Anele Gobodwana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Ritual Music ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Small Focus ◽  
Over Time

While there have been a number of studies on the decontextualisation and secularisation of traditional ritual music in America, Taiwan and other parts of the globe, very little has been written on the processes and transformations that South Africa’s indigenous ceremonial songs go through over time. This study was prompted by the authors’ interest in, and engagement with the Xhosa initiation song Somagwaza, which has been re-imagined as a popular song, but has also purportedly found its way into other religious spaces. In this article, we attempted to investigate the extent to which the song Somagwaza is still associated with the Xhosa initiation ritual and to analyse evidence of it being decontextualised and secularised in contemporary South Africa. Our methodology included an examination of the various academic treatments of the song, an analysis of the lyrics of a popular song, bearing the same name, holding small focus group discussions, and distributing questionnaires to speakers of isiXhosa on the topic of the song. The data gathered were analysed using the constant comparative method of analysing qualitative research.

GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AMONGST WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF MWENEZI DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Rugoho ◽  
France Maphosa
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Women With Disabilities ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Disabled Women ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact

This article is based on a study of gender-based violence against women with disabilities. The study sought to examine the factors that make such women vulnerable, to investigate the community’s responses to gender-based violence against women with disabilities, and to determine the impact of gender-based violence on the wellbeing and health of women with disabilities. The study adopted a qualitative research design so as to arrive at an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The study sample consisted of 48 disabled women living in marital or common law unions, selected using purposive sampling. Of the 48 women in the sample, 16 were visually impaired while the remaining 32 had other physical disabilities. Focus group discussions were used for data collection. The data were analysed using the thematic approach. The finding was that women with disabilities also experience gender-based violence. The study makes recommendations whose thrust is to change community perceptions on disability as the only guarantee towards eradicating gender-based violence against women with disabilities.

Organizational Intervention Plan For Automation Of SMEs: Case Study Gisitca

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas- Hernández ◽  
Ángel Daniel Rodríguez Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Situational Leadership ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Organizational Intervention ◽  
Job Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Intervention Plan

This study has aim to identify the main causes of a bad work environment with a high rate of turnover. The objective is to propose an intervention plan to increase the participation, commitment and employees proactivity. This job is performed with a case study with the quantitative paradigm, transversal and exploratory; the selected sample is from a PYME dedicated to automation power services. For it is based on the model of situational leadership Hersey and Blanchard, in addition to job satisfaction survey NTP213.

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