scholarly journals Pre-forcing Treatments Influence Bud Break and Shoot Elongation in Forced Woody Species

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
Guochen Yang ◽  
Paul E. Read
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Cold Requirement

Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of pre-forcing treatments for the release of bud dormancy of dormant stems of lilac, privet and Vanhoutte spirea. The new softwood growth of these dormant stems was used either as explants for in vitro culture or as cuttings for rooting studies of woody plant species in the off-season. A pre-forcing 15% bleach solution (0.78% NaOCl) soak hastened bud break, enhanced percentage of bud break, and promoted shoot elongation. Pre-forcing wetting agent treatments produced similar results to those of the bleach soak with variation among wetting agents and plant species. Smaller treatment differences were observed in the forcing characteristics when stems were collected later in the winter, probably because the cold requirement of the buds had been completely or partially met. This technique will provide explants for in vitro culture and softwood cuttings for propagation of woody plants over an extended period.

scholarly journals PRE-FORCING TREATMENTS AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE FORCING SOLUTION PROMOTE MACRO- AND MICRO-PROPAGATION OF WOODY PLANT SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1124d-1124
Author(s):  
Gouchen Yang ◽  
Paul E. Read
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Forcing Solution

BA, IBA and GA3 were incorporated into softwood tissues to be cultured in vitro or rooted as cuttings by adding the plant growth regulators (PGR) at various concentrations to a forcing solution containing 200 mg/l 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate and 2% sucrose. BA and GA3 helped break bud dormancy in autumn-collected stems and increased percent bud-break. IBA inhibited bud break and shoot elongation. Rooting of forced softwood cuttings was enhanced by IBA in the forcing solution, while GA3 inhibited the rooting of plant species tested. When dormant stems were forced with periodic additions of BA (10 mg/l) in the forcing solution, in vitro shoot proliferation was enhanced. However, inclusion of GA3 in the forcing solution reduced shoot proliferation. A pre-forcing NaOCl soak and a pre-forcing treatment with wetting agents accelerated bud break, size and number of shoots available for both micro- and macro-propagation of the woody plant species tested. The forcing solution protocol described is an effective PGR delivery system and it can be used by the propagator to extend the season for obtaining softwood growth suitable for use as in vitro explants or softwood cuttings.

scholarly journals PRE-FORCING TREATMENTS HELP BREAK BUD DORMANCY OF FORCED WOODY PLANT SPECIES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 685d-685
Author(s):  
Guochen Yang ◽  
Paul E. Read
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Forcing Solution ◽  
Almost All

A certain period of cold is needed to break bud dormancy for almost all woody species. A pre-forcing bleach soak has been demonstrated to at least partially replace this requirement (Yang and Read, 1989). Therefore, new softwood growth can be produced in the off-season. Such supple softwood growth is excellent material to be used either as explants for in vitro culture, or as cuttings for macropropagation of woody species. Further studies on pre-forcing bleach soaks were conducted to investigate optimum concentration and duration of soak, and to find the most suitable depth of bleach solution soak, in order to maximize the breaking of bud dormancy. Optimum bud break was obtained by soaking the basal 1/3 of dormant stems in 10% bleach solution for 10 minutes prior to forcing. Soaking dormant woody stems in alcohol solutions prior to placing stems in the forcing solution was also studied. The alcohol soak had negative effects on bud break of spirea, although it showed positive effects for lilac and privet.

Overlap and seasonal shifts in use of woody plant species amongst a guild of savanna browsers

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. J. O'Kane ◽  
Kevin J. Duffy ◽  
Bruce R. Page ◽  
David W. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

Abstract:To clarify the potential influence of different browsers in the same guild on woody vegetation, dietary overlap and separation between elephant, giraffe, kudu, nyala and impala was assessed in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa. Woody species browsed, browsing heights, plant-parts browsed and browsing versus grazing were recorded over 2 y by direct observation. We obtained 3068 browse records. Niche breadth (Levins' measure) and overlap (Schoener's index) in species browsed and browsing heights were calculated. Annual and seasonal differences in these measurements, plant-part use and browsing versus grazing were assessed. Elephant utilized the largest number (n = 78) of different woody plant species. Overlap in species browsed was lower between elephant and other browsers than amongst the latter. Seasonal rainfall influenced the range of woody plants utilized, niche breadth in terms of species browsed and browsing versus grazing. Marked resource depletion caused elephant, contrary to theoretical predictions, to narrow niche breadth in terms of species browsed. However, resource depletion rarely had a significant effect on interspecific overlap in species browsed or overlap in browsing heights, on actual browsing heights or plant-parts utilized. A small suite (n = 8) of woody species formed the core diet of all guild members, implying the potential for synergistic impacts by guild members on these species and for competition between populations of different guild members.

scholarly journals Rheological and Microstructural Features of Plant Culture Media Doped with Biopolymers: Influence on the Growth and Physiological Responses of In Vitro-Grown Shoots of Thymus lotocephalus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-553
Author(s):  
Natacha Coelho ◽  
Alexandra Filipe ◽  
Bruno Medronho ◽  
Solange Magalhães ◽  
Carla Vitorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Plant Culture

In vitro culture is an important biotechnological tool in plant research and an appropriate culture media is a key for a successful plant development under in vitro conditions. The use of natural compounds to improve culture media has been growing and biopolymers are interesting alternatives to synthetic compounds due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, renewability, and availability. In the present study, different culture media containing one biopolymer (chitosan, gum arabic) or a biopolymer derivative [hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)], at 100 or 1000 mg L−1, were tested regarding their influence on the growth and physiological responses of Thymus lotocephalus in vitro culture. Cellulose-based biopolymers (HEC and CMC) and gum arabic were used for the first time in plant culture media. The results showed that CMC at 100 mg L−1 significantly improved shoot elongation while chitosan, at the highest concentration, was detrimental to T. lotocephalus. Concerning only the evaluated physiological parameters, all tested biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives are safe to plants as there was no evidence of stress-induced changes on T. lotocephalus. The rheological and microstructural features of the culture media were assessed to understand how the biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to the culture medium could influence shoot growth. As expected, all media presented a gel-like behaviour with minor differences in the complex viscosity at the beginning of the culture period. Most media showed increased viscosity overtime. The surface area increased with the addition of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives to the culture media and the average pore size was considerably lower for CMC at 100 mg L−1. The smaller pores of this medium might be related to a more efficient nutrients and water uptake by T. lotocephalus shoots, leading to a significant improvement in shoot elongation. In short, this study demonstrated that the different types of biopolymers and biopolymer derivatives added to culture medium can modify their microstructure and at the right concentrations, are harmless to T. lotocephalus shoots growing in vitro, and that CMC improves shoot length.

scholarly journals Influence of Cytokinins in Combination with GA3on Shoot Multiplication and Elongation of Tea Clone Iran 100 (Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Azadi Gonbad ◽  
Uma Rani Sinniah ◽  
Maheran Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Solid Media

The use ofin vitroculture has been accepted as an efficient technique for clonal propagation of many woody plants. In the present research, we report the results of a number of experiments aimed at optimizing micropropagation protocol for tea (Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze) (clone Iran 100) using nodal segments as the explant. The effect of different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGR) (BAP, TDZ, GA3) on shoot multiplication and elongation was assessed. The influence of exposure to IBA in liquid form prior to transfer to solid media on rooting of tea microshoots was investigated. The results of this study showed that the best treatment for nodal segment multiplication in terms of the number of shoot per explant and shoot elongation was obtained using 3 mg/L BAP in combination with 0.5 mg/L GA3. TDZ was found to be inappropriate for multiplication of tea clone Iran 100 as it resulted in hyperhydricity especially at concentrations higher than 0.05 mg/L. Healthy shoots treated with 300 mg/L IBA for 30 min followed by transfer to 1/2 strength MS medium devoid of PGR resulted in 72.3% of shoots producing roots and upon transferring them to acclimatization chamber 65% survival was obtained prior to field transfer.

Period of harvest, sprouting ability of cuttings, and in vitro plant regeneration in Fraxinus excelsior

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conceição Eneida Silveira ◽  
Alain Cottignies
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Propagation by stem cuttings and in vitro culture of apical bud explants were studied on Fraxinus excelsior L. Stem cuttings from 4- to 7-year-old trees growing under natural conditions sprouted only when cuttings were taken from dormant material. Only 6% of those that had sprouted developed roots by the 7th month of culture. Similarly, only apical bud explants harvested during the dormant period sprouted in vitro. Up to 87% of these sprouts developed two to four branching adventitious roots after 5 months of culture. During the initial phase of in vitro culture, the Quoirin and Lepoivre medium and the woody plant medium favoured sprout lengthening. During the phase of multiplication, up to three sprouts per explant developed with the woody plant medium in the presence of a combination of high 6-benzylaminopurine (3.0–4.0 mg∙L−1) and low indole-3-butyric acid (0.01–0.03 mg∙L−1) concentrations. Rooting was obtained in a medium without any growth regulators. Microscopic analysis showed a direct connection between the vascular elements of adventitious roots and stem of plantlet. Chromosome number in root apices of ash plantlets and ash trees grown under natural conditions was 2n = 46. Key words: chromosome number, Fraxinus excelsior L., in vitro plants, micropropagation, stem cuttings.

Weight–diameter relationships for 22 woody plant species

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1851-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Woody Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Ground Line

Prediction equations are presented for use in estimating total aboveground weight and maximum leaf weight for 22 species of woody plants. Stem diameter at the ground line was found to be closely correlated with both total and leaf weights. This diameter was therefore used in the equations as the measurement from which weights were predicted.

scholarly journals Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Ján Supuka ◽  
Attila Tóth ◽  
Mária Bihuňová ◽  
Martina Verešová ◽  
Karol Šinka
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Acer Campestre

AbstractThe woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.

scholarly journals The resource role of flowering woody plants in increasing the insects biological diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00067
Author(s):  
Tatiana Kuzmina ◽  
Elena Toropova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
High Power ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Northern Forest

The aim of the study was to assess the resource role of flowering woody plants in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region during the flowering period of woody plants from the Oleaceae family of the genus Syringa: S. josikaea J. and S. vulgaris L. Insects were collected by mowing with an entomological net in the crowns and under-crown space. The flowering of plants attracted insects from more than 25 families from 7 orders. The largest number of insects belonged to the order Thysanoptera 79.2%, followed by representatives of the orders Hemiptera (7.1%) and Diptera (6.4%). The entomological faunas of S. josikaea and S. vulgaris differed significantly in their taxonomic composition, insects abundance, and their association with flowering periods. Low coefficients of similarity and high power of the factor “plant species” influence on biological diversity and the insects number were revealed. S. josikaea played a more significant role in maintaining the biological diversity of insects. Research showed that insects are associated with a certain species of woody plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document