scholarly journals Tolerance of Citrus Rootstocks to Preemergence Herbicides

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Megh Singh ◽  
Nagi R. Achhireddy
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Seven preemergence herbicides, Lasso (alachlor), Surflan (oryzalin), Devrinol (napropamide), Solicam (norflurazon), Goal (oxyfluorfen), Treflan (trifluralin), and Ronstar (oxadiazon) all at 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha (1.0 and 2.0 lb/A) were evaluated for weed control and phytotoxicity to Carrizo citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and Swingle citrumelo [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus paradisi Macf.] citrus rootstock seedling. Goal (oxyflurofen) was most effective in controlling weeds, but was also phytotoxic to all 3 rootstocks. Surflan (oryzalin) provided satisfactory weed control (about 70%) without any phytotoxicity to citrus rootstocks but Lasso (alachlor) and Devrinol (napropamide) did not effectively control the weeds. Carrizo citrange was most susceptible to Goal (oxyfluorfen), while Swingle citrumelo was more sensitive to Treflan (trifluralin) and Ronstar (oxadiazon). Trifoliate orange was intermediate in tolerance to all herbicides. Some herbicide treatments reduced the plant height but not the trunk diameter of Carrizo citrange and Swingle citrumelo. Trunk diameter of Trifoliate orange was significantly reduced by herbicide treatments, but was unaffected in Carrizo citrange and Swingle citrumelo.

scholarly journals Influence of different levels of aluminum on the development of citrus rootstock swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi mcf. x Poncirus trifoliata raf.) in nutrient solution

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Hélio Grassi Filho ◽  
João Domingos Rodrigues ◽  
Sheila Zambello de Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

This work aimed at evaluating the influence of different levels of aluminum on the physiological parameters of the citrus rootstock Swingle Citrumelo in hydroponic solution. The experiment was carried out with a completely randomized design with three replications, subdivided in several lots. The levels of aluminum used were: 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 mg L-1 in form of AlCl3.6H2O in nutrient solution. Following physiological parameters were evaluated: specific and relative foliar area, relative foliar mass, and the ratio of aerial part dry matter/root system dry matter. The results showed that aluminum did not influence the parameters evaluated except the specific foliar area, which decreased starting at the 7.5 mg L-1 level.

scholarly journals Performance of `Hamlin' Orange on 16 Rootstocks in East-central Florida

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz K. Wutscher ◽  
Laura Lee Hill
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Citrus Blight ◽  
Freeze Damage ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

`Hamlin' orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) was grown on 15 rootstocks: four citrumelos [C. paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], five mandarin × trifoliate orange hybrids (C. reticulata Blanco × P. trifoliata), two pummelo × trifoliate orange hybrids [C. grandis (L.) × P. trifoliata], Vangasay lemon (C. limon Burm. f.), Norton citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), and two Smooth Flat Seville (C. aurantium L. hybrid?) hybrids. These scion–rootstock combinations were compared to trees on Swingle citrumelo, the most widely used citrus rootstock in Florida. One Smooth Flat Seville hybrid was eliminated early because of poor growth and variability in size, and the Vangasay lemon rootstock was eliminated because of severe freeze damage. At age 5, the trees on Norton citrange developed citrus blight and were eliminated. Remaining in the experiment for 7 years, `Hamlin' trees on six of the 13 rootstocks produced more fruit than trees on Swingle citrumelo. Of these six, HRS 852 (Changsha mandarin × English large-flowered trifoliate orange) was the best overall rootstock, with trees on it producing large quantities of high-quality fruit on medium-sized canopies.

scholarly journals Field performance of "marsh seedless" grapefruit on trifoliate orange inoculated with viroids in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi ◽  
Simone Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luiz Carlos Donadio ◽  
Otávio Ricardo Sempionato ◽  
Eduardo Toller Reiff
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid

Some viroids reduce citrus tree growth and may be used for tree size control aiming the establishment of orchards with close tree spacing that may provide higher productivity than conventional ones. To study the effects of citrus viroids inoculation on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of 'Marsh Seedless' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) grafted on trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], an experiment was set up in January 1991, in Bebedouro, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four treatments with two plants per plot: viroid isolates Citrus Exocortis Viroid (CEVd) + Hop stunt viroid (HSVd - CVd-II, a non cachexia variant) + Citrus III viroid (CVd-III) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd - CVd-II, a non cachexia variant) + Citrus III viroid (CVd-III) and controls: two healthy buds (control), and no grafting (absolute control). Inoculation was done in the field, six months after planting by bud grafting. Both isolates reduced tree growth (trunk diameter, plant height, canopy diameter and volume). Trees not inoculated yielded better (average of eleven harvests) than inoculated ones but the productivity was the same after 150 months. Fruit quality was affected by viroids inoculation but not in a restrictive way. The use of such severe dwarfing isolates for high density plantings of grapefruit on trifoliate orange rootstock is not recommended.

scholarly journals Response of Citrus (Citrus spp.) Rootstock Seedlings to Soil-Applied Herbicides

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Abstract A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of Carrizo citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Obs. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), and Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.] citrus rootstock seedlings to multiple applications of Premier (fluometralin), Dual (metolachlor), Devrinol (napropamide), Solicam (norflurazon), Surflan (oryzalin), Prowl (pendimethalin), and Treflan trifluralin). The citrus rootstock responses ranged from a 11% reduction in shoot weight of sour orange with Treflan (trifluralin) to a 19% reduction in fibrous root weight of Swingle citrumelo with Surflan (oryzalin). Cleopatra mandarin was tolerant to all the seven herbicides. Dual (metolachlor), Devrinol (napropamide), Solicam (norflurazon), and Premier (fluometralin) were not phytotoxic to all four rootstocks.

scholarly journals Use of Flying Dragon Trifoliate Orange As Dwarfing Rootstock for Citrus Under Tropical Climatic Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Mademba-Sy ◽  
Zacharie Lemerre-Desprez ◽  
Stéphane Lebegin
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Trunk Diameter

Citrus fruit trees grown under tropical climatic conditions have a high level of vigor and, consequently, late fruit-bearing and low productivity. The use of Flying Dragon trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T.Itô) Swing.] (FD) rootstock could overcome these negative effects by inducing small trees with early production. Trials including eight commercial cultivars began in Dec. 1992 on an irrigated plot on the main island of New Caledonia (South Pacific). Growth of the trees was observed over a 13-year period through twice-yearly measurements of tree height, canopy between and in the rows, and trunk diameter. Fruit production was recorded beginning 2 years after planting. According to the climatic and pedological conditions of the experimental site, trees grafted on FD could, depending on cultivar, be planted in densities from 519 to 1111 trees/ha. Over the 13 years, yields were 0.5 to 2.8 times greater than those of the same cultivar on the standard rootstock. ‘Tahiti’ lime cumulative planting and maintenance costs were only 1.5 times higher for a density five times as great, and the level of productivity per hectare (gross margin/ha) was 3.3 times that of traditional orchards. Grafting citrus cultivars on FD, which is seldom used in the Mediterranean zone as a result of its excessive dwarfing effect in relation with the climatic conditions, could prove, on the other hand, promising in tropical areas.

scholarly journals Horticultural Evaluation of New Citrus latipes Hybrids as Rootstocks for Citrus

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Reforgiato Recupero ◽  
Giuseppe Russo ◽  
Santo Recupero ◽  
Roberto Zurru ◽  
Bruno Deidda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

In 1968, the CRA-Research Center for Citriculture and Mediterranean Crops (CRA-ACM) started a research program aimed at breeding citrus rootstocks. The monoembryonic species C. latipes (Swing.) Tan. was used as the female parent; trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], sour orange, and volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Pasq.) were used as male parents. The behavior of some of these hybrids tested with other standard rootstocks in Sicily and Sardinia was evaluated. The cultivars under comparison included ‘Washington’ navel orange and ‘SRA 92’ clementine in Sardinia and ‘Tarocco’ orange in Sicily. Our results showed the dramatic influence of rootstock on plant growth and yield; only minor effects on fruit quality were observed. Among the standard rootstocks tested, Swingle citrumelo provided the highest yield. Some of the tested hybrids (F5 P12, F6 P12, and F6 P13) may improve plant yield, thus maintaining good fruit quality. Encouraging data obtained with these hybrids may justify the use of monoembryonic species of the Papeda subgenus for breeding citrus rootstocks.

scholarly journals Influence of Winter Rye and Preemergence Herbicides on Weed Control in No-tillage Zucchini Squash Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Scott A. Nolte ◽  
Bryan G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Residue Biomass ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

The influence of `Elbon', `Maton', and `Wheeler' winter rye (Secale cereale) with or without herbicide treatments on weed control in no-tillage (NT) zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) was determined. `Elbon' or `Maton' produced higher residue biomass, greater soil coverage, and higher weed control compared with `Wheeler'. Although winter rye alone did not provide sufficient weed control (generally <70%), it provided substantially greater redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) control (regardless of cultivar used) compared with no winter rye at both 28 and 56 days after transplanting (DAT). No effect (P > 0.05) of winter rye cultivar on early or total squash yield was detected. Although applying clomazone + ethalfluralin to winter rye residues improved redroot pigweed control compared with no herbicide, the level of control was generally not adequate (<85% control) by 56 DAT. Treatments that included halosulfuron provided greater control of redroot pigweed than clomazone + ethalfluralin, and redroot pigweed control from halosulfuron treatments was similar to the weed-free control. However, regardless of year or cover crop, any treatment with halosulfuron caused unacceptable injury to zucchini squash plants which lead to reduced squash yield (primarily early yields). Insignificant amounts of squash injury (<10% due to stunting) resulted from clomazone + ethalfluralin in no-tillage plots during either year. Treatments with clomazone + ethalfluralin had early and total yields that were similar to those of the weed-free control, although this herbicide combination provided less weed control compared with the weed-free control.

scholarly journals 014 Effects of Preemergence Herbicides on Weeds and Eighteen Containerized Crops

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 390C-390
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps ◽  
Daniel W. McColley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Five preemergence herbicides (prodiamine 0.5 G, prodiamine 65 WDG, dithiopyr 0.27 G, thiazopyr 2.5 G, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin 3 G) were evaluated for weed control and crop safety on 18 plants (Acer rubrum, Agapanthus africanus, Asparagus densiflorus, Camellia sasanqua, × Cupressocyparis leylandii, Cycas revoluta, Galphimia gracillis, Gelsemium sempervirens, Illicium parviflorum, Lantana camara, Loropetalum chinense, Myrtis communis, Ophiopogon jaburan, Plumbago, Quercus virginiana, Rhododendron, Viburnum suspensum, and Zamia floridana. Herbicides were applied at 1.7 kg a.i./ha, except for oxyfluorfern + pendimethalin, which was applied at 3.4 kg a.i./ha. Treatments were applied twice at 4-month intervals. Untreated and weed-free controls were used to determine herbicide effects on weeds and crops, respectively. All herbicide treatments reduced weed growth (dry-weight basis) and weeding times. Major weeds were dogfennel [Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small], southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler], yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.), tasselflower (Emilia spp.), and hairy crabweed [Fatoua villosa (Thumb.) Nakai]. Based on weed dry weights, overall weed control for the first 4 months was higher for diazopyr, thiazopyr, and prodiamine G than for the combination treatment. At 8 months, weed growth was similar for all herbicide treatments. The combination treatment was acutely phytotoxicity to more crops than the other treatments; however, phytotoxicity varied with crop, active ingredient, and formulation.

scholarly journals Trunk Sprouting and Growth of Citrus as Affected by NAA, Aluminum Foil, and Plastic Trunk Wraps

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1612-1615
Author(s):  
Ed Stover ◽  
Scott Ciliento ◽  
Monty Myers
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Sprout Suppression ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo ◽  
Tree Development

In spring 1999, a commercial NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) preparation for trunk sprout inhibition was compared with a corrugated plastic trunk wrap, aluminum foil wrap, bimonthly hand removal of sprouts, use of NAA preparation plus bimonthly hand removal when sprouts appeared, and a nontreated control. Three recently planted groves on three different rootstocks [`Midsweet' orange (Citrus sinensis)] on Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata), `Valencia' orange on Volkamer lemon (Volk, Citrus limon), and `Minneola' tangelo (Citrus paradisi × C. reticulata) on Smooth Flat Seville (SFS, Citrus hybrid) received each of the treatments in a randomized complete block experimental design with trees blocked by initial height and circumference. Every 2 months, sprouts were counted on each tree and removed from the hand removal treatments. After 1 year, all sprouts were removed and counted and height and circumference of trees was determined. Across all experiments, 82% to 100% of nontreated trees produced trunk sprouts and all sprout control methods significantly reduced sprouts per tree. NAA treatments were never significantly less effective at sprout suppression than the wraps at the P = 0.05 level, although in two experiments, wraps were more effective than NAA at P = 0.10. Time of sprout appearance varied between the three experimental blocks. Plastic and foil trunk wraps enhanced development of trunk circumference compared with nontreated controls in `Midsweet'/Swingle and `Valencia'/Volk. Greater trunk circumference resulted from use of wraps versus NAA in all three experiments, which appeared unrelated to differential sprout suppression. In these experiments, it appears that either wraps enhanced tree development beyond the suppression of sprouts or NAA influence on tree metabolism somewhat reduced trunk growth. The economics of the sprout suppression methods are also discussed.

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