scholarly journals HITUNG KOLONI Candida Albicans DI TINJA ANAK GANGGUAN AUTISM SPECTRUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
R Herawati ◽  
I Parwati ◽  
I Sjahid ◽  
C. Rita
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Subject ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
The Mean

Candida albicans is part of the normal flora of the digestive tract, however in immunocompromised host can cause opportunisticinfection. According to Shaw’s case series study in North Carolina USA, colonization of C. albicans is increased in autism spectrumdisorders (ASD) patients. C. albicans is a dimorphism fungus, the yeast phase is grown at 37 °C and the mould phase is grown at roomtemperature. The aim of this study was to compare C. albicans colony count in stools of ASD patients and normal children, and to findcorrelation between C. albicans colony count and state of ASD. A cross sectional study was conducted from December 2004 to March 2005on 50 ASD patients and 50 normal children as controls. Diagnosis of ASD was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders (DSM) IV criteria. The range of age in both groups was 2 to 6 years old. Stool specimens were collected in Sachs transportmedia. All specimens were examined in the Division of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology RSHS/FKUPBandung. The specimens were examined microscopically and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar incubated at room temperature and37 °C. The colonies were interpreted in colony forming unit (CFU). The C. albicans was identified by colony microscopic examinationand germ tube test. The differences of C. albicans colony count between ASD and normal subject were analyzed by t-test. Correlationbetween colony count C. albicans and ASD state was analyzed using point biserial correlation. Of 50 subjects, 14 (28%) were diagnosedas pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and 36 (72%) were diagnosed as autistic disorders. There wereno significant statistical differences between ASD and normal subjects in age, sex, and nutritional status (p > 0.05). A significantcorrelation between direct microscopy and the result of Candida colony count was found (p = 0.0000). We did not find a significantdifference between the two temperature of incubations (p = 0.390). Mean of C. albicans colony count in normal subjects was 4 CFU.In contrast, the mean of C. albicans colony count in ASD subjects was 39 CFU. The mean C. albicans colony count in ASD subjects wassignificantly higher than normal subject (p = 0.012). There was a significant correlation between C. albicans colony count and the stateof ASD (Rpb0.253372; p = 0.0106) : C. albicans colony count from stool of ASD subjects was significantly higher than normal subjects.We also found a significant correlation between C. albicans colony count and the state of ASD

scholarly journals PARASITIC INFESTATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz Abro ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Bhurgiri ◽  
Ahmed Hussain ◽  
Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah ◽  
Musaib Ali Khero
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Tropics

Parasitic infections lead to burden of morbidity and mortality in developingcountries. Surgeons practicing in the tropics are familiar with the parasitic disorders. Objectives:To determine the role of surgery in parasitic infestations of Echinococcus granulosus and Ascarislumbricoides. Design: Cross sectional case series study. Period: Two years. Setting: LiaquatUniversity Hospital Hyderabad. Patients and methods: All the patients with Echinococcusgranulosus and Ascaris lumbricoides were admitted in the ward and were observed for differentmanifestations and surgical procedures aimed to cure the echinococcosis and ascariasisinfestation. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage wascalculated. Results: During two years study period, total sixty cases of parasitic infestations(50 cases of Echinococcus granulosis and 10 cases of Ascaris Lumbricoides) were detectedat Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. The hydatid cysts was more common inthe age group of 30-39 years while the mean age ± SD in overall patients with Echinococcusgranulosis infestation was 38.74±7.84 whereas it was 35.87±8.64 and 40.43±6.73 in male andfemale population respectively. The Ascaris Lumbricoides was more common in the age groupof 15-20 years while the mean age ± SD in overall patients with Ascaris lumbricoides infestationwas 16.62±5.21 whereas it was 15.42±7.31 and 16.43±5.41 in male and female populationrespectively. Among 47 surgically treated cases of echinococcus, the approach used werecyst evacuation and tube drainage in 40 patients, total cystopericystectomy in 04 patients andlaparoscopically in 03 subjects accordingly. Seven (70%) cases of intestinal obstruction dueto ascariasis underwent surgical intervention like external milking of the obstructing bolus ofworms from the ileum into colon in 03 patients, intestinal resection and end to end anastomosisin 01 case and enterotomy and manual extraction of worms in 03 subjects accordingly.Conclusions: Hydatid disease and Ascaris lumbricoides may cause fatal complications andsurgical intervention has been the valuable option.

scholarly journals Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Hospitalized Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: Case Series Study From the First COVID-19 Center in the UAE

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suad Hannawi ◽  
Haifa Hannawi ◽  
Kashif Bin Naeem ◽  
Noha Mousaad Elemam ◽  
Mahmood Y. Hachim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
The Mean

IntroductionCOVID-19 is raising with a second wave threatening many countries. Therefore, it is important to understand COVID-19 characteristics across different countries.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 525 hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients, from the central federal hospital in Dubai-UAE during period of March to August 2020.ResultsUAE’s COVID-19 patients were relatively young; mean (SD) of the age 49(15) years, 130 (25%) were older than 60 and 4 (<1%) were younger than 18 years old. Majority were male(47; 78%). The mean (SD) BMI was 29 (6) kg/m2. While the source of contracting COVID-19 was not known in 369 (70%) of patients, 29 (6%) reported travel to overseas-country and 127 (24%) reported contact with another COVID-19 case/s. At least one comorbidity was present in 284 (54%) of patients and 241 (46%) had none. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (177; 34%) and hypertension (166; 32%). The mean (SD) of symptoms duration was 6 (3) days. The most common symptoms at hospitalization were fever (340; 65%), cough (296; 56%), and shortness of breath (SOB) (243; 46%). Most of the laboratory values were within normal range, but (184; 35%) of patients had lymphopenia, 43 (8%) had neutrophilia, and 116 (22%) had prolong international normalized ratio (INR), and 317 (60%) had high D-dimer. Chest x ray findings of consolidation was present in 334 (64%) of patients and CT scan ground glass appearance was present in 354 (68%). Acute cardiac injury occurred in 124 (24%), acute kidney injury in 111 (21%), liver injury in 101 (19%), ARDS in 155 (30%), acidosis in 118 (22%), and septic shock in 93 (18%). Consequently, 150 (29%) required ICU admission with 103 (20%) needed mechanical ventilation.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated the special profile of COVID-19 in UAE. Patients were young with diabetes and/or hypertension and associated with severe infection as shown by various clinical and laboratory data necessitating ICU admission.

scholarly journals Is Visual Pedagogy Effective in Improving Cooperation towards Oral Hygiene and Dental Care in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Araxi Balian ◽  
Silvia Cirio ◽  
Claudia Salerno ◽  
Thomas Gerhard Wolf ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Pedagogy

Visual pedagogy has emerged as a new approach in improving dental care in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This paper aimed to evaluate and assess the scientific evidence on the use of visual pedagogy in improving oral hygiene skills and cooperation during dental care in children with ASDs. The review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO Register (CRD42020183030). Prospective clinical studies, randomized trials, interruptive case series, before and after comparison studies, and cross-sectional studies following the PRISMA guideline were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar using ad hoc prepared search strings. The search identified 379 papers, of which 342 were excluded after title and abstract evaluation, and 37 full-text papers were analyzed. An additional four papers were added after consulting reference lists. Eighteen papers were disregarded; 23 were finally included, and their potential bias was assessed using ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. The wide heterogenicity of the studies included does not allow for conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of visual pedagogy in oral hygiene skills and dental care. Nevertheless, a significant and unilateral tendency of the overall outcomes was found, suggesting that visual pedagogy supports ASD children in improving both oral hygiene skills and cooperation during dental care.

scholarly journals Who are dying and why? A case series study of maternal deaths in Nepal

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042840
Author(s):  
Rajendra Karkee ◽  
Kirti Man Tumbahangphe ◽  
Nashna Maharjan ◽  
Bharat Budhathoki ◽  
Dharma Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Birth Preparedness ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Social Autopsy ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Series Study

ObjectivesTo identify delays and associated factors for maternal deaths in Nepal.DesignA cross-sectional case series study of maternal deaths. An integrated verbal and social autopsy tool was used to collect quantitative and qualitative information regarding three delays. We recorded death accounts and conducted social autopsy by means of community Focus Group Discussions for each maternal death; and analysed data by framework analysis.SettingSixty-two maternal deaths in six districts in three provinces of Nepal.ResultsNearly half of the deceased women (45.2%) were primiparous and one-third had no formal education. About 40% were from Terai/Madhesi and 30.6% from lower caste. The most common place of death was private hospitals (41.9%), followed by public hospitals (29.1%). Nearly three-fourth cases were referred to higher health facilities and median time (IQR) of stay at the lower health facility was 120 (60–180) hours. Nearly half of deaths (43.5%) were attributable to more than one delay while first and third delay each contributed equally (25.8%). Lack of perceived need; perceived cost and low status; traditional beliefs and practices; physically inaccessible facilities and lack of service readiness and quality care were important factors in maternal deaths.ConclusionsThe first and third delays were the equal contributors of maternal deaths. Interventions related to birth preparedness, economic support and family planning need to be focused on poor and marginalised communities. Community management of quick transportation, early diagnosis of pregnancy risks, accommodation facilities near the referral hospitals and dedicated skilled manpower with adequate medicines, equipment and blood supplies in referral hospitals are needed for further reduction of maternal deaths in Nepal.

scholarly journals Aphakia Correction by Injection of Foldable Intra Ocular Lens in the Anterior Chamber

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. OED.S12672
Author(s):  
Kagmeni Giles ◽  
Moukouri Ernest ◽  
Domngang Christelle ◽  
Nguefack-Tsague Georges ◽  
Cheuteu Raoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Case Series ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

We assessed the outcomes of the use of anterior chamber foldable lens for unilateral aphakia correction at the University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde. In this retrospective, non-comparative, consecutive case series study, we reviewed the records of patients who underwent an operation for aphakia correction by the means of injection of an angular supported foldable lens between January 2009 and December 2011 in the University Teaching Hospital Yaounde. Student's paired t-test was carried out to compare preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure (TOP). P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Twenty-one patients were included in the study; twelve were male (57.1%) and nine were female (42.9%). The mean age was 55.38 ± 17.67 years (range 9–75 years). The mean follow-up duration was 5.95 ± 3.14 months (range 2–12 months). The mean logMAR visual acuity was 1.26 ± 0.46 pre-operatively and 0.78 ± 0.57 post-operatively ( P = 0.003). The change in intraocular pressure was not statistically significant. Complications included intraocular hypertension (over 21 mmHg) in 3 patients (14.3%) and macular edema, pupillar ovalization, and retinal detachment in one patient each. The results indicate that injection of an angular support foldable lens in the anterior chamber is a useful technique for the correction of aphakia in eyes without capsular support. More extended follow-up, however, and a larger series of patients are needed to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of this procedure.

scholarly journals Anatomical and Visual Effects of Implantable Phakic Contact Lens on Correction of Myopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ekram ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Kamal Elshafei ◽  
Asmaa Anwar Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Farouk Sayed Othman Abdelkader
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical effects of implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL) (Care Group, India) on anterior segment and its visual outcomes .Patients and methods: In a prospective interventional case series study, 60 highly myopic eyes of 32 patients were subjected to IPCL implantation in the Ophthalmology Department of Minia University Hospital, Egypt from January 2019 to June 2021. All patients had complete ophthalmic examination and were followed up for 1 year. Pentacam was used for preoperative and postoperative estimation of anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and IPCL vault in the 1st, 3rd, and 12th months. Assessment of corneal endothelium was done using specular microscope preoperatively and after 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative refraction and visual acuity were measured. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in ACD, ACA, and ACV. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean intraocular pressure (IOP) by the 12th month (P=0.163). The mean preoperative endothelial cell count (ECD) was significantly reduced from 2929.3±248 cells/mm2 to 2737.9±303 cells/mm2 at the 12th month (P<0.001). with a statistically highly significant improvement of mean Log Mar uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) from 1.48±0.19 preoperatively to 0.46±0.11 by the end of follow up (P<0.001) with insignificant difference between preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative UCVA (P=0.209). In the 12th month, the mean vault was 240±540 μm. No sight threatening complications occurred.Conclusion: Although IPCL induced anatomical changes, it was safe and effective for correction of high myopia.

scholarly journals Early and long-term complications following transanal pull through Soave technique in infants with Hirschsprung's diseaseric infants with Hirschsprung's disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoochehr Ghorbanpour ◽  
Mohammad Ali Seyfrabie ◽  
Babak Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Case Series ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
The Mean

Objective. Patients undergoing Soave surgery for Hirschsprung's disease are at risk for some complications. The aim of this study was to investigate such short-term and long-term complications and evaluate the outcome of the operation in these patients. Methods. A case series study was carried out during the last 12 years, during 2007 to 2018 in Besat hospital of Hamadan. Data collection conducted using a checklist includes questions about demographic information, clinical features, and short-term and long-term complications, and consequences of post-operative surgery. The findings of the study were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and appropriate statistical tests. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 55 children underwent Soave surgery during the last 12 years in Besat Hospital Hamadan, Iran. The mean age of the patients was 38±10 days during surgery, of which 56.4% were female. The mean hospital stay was 7.3 days. Also, the mean weight of children at birth was 2970±447 gr. Most of the patients were born as NVD (52.7%) and term (74.5%). The most common comorbidity was congenital heart disease. The most common short-term complication was intestinal obstruction in 14 patients (25.5%) and the most frequent long-term complication was intestinal obstruction and constipation (27.3% each cases). The mortality rate of patients in this study was 14.5% in total. Conclusions. One stage surgical procedure in Hirschsprung's disease is a safe and effective method, but care should be taken in choosing patients and patients should be monitored for possible complications, so that they can be considered and implemented for proper treatment.

scholarly journals Triple Procedure for Dense Cataractous Neovascular Glaucoma Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hossam M. Moharram ◽  
Shaaban Abd-Elhamid Mehany Elwan ◽  
Mahmoud M. Nassar ◽  
Mohamed F. Abdelkader
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Neovascular Glaucoma ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Triple Procedure ◽  
Distant Visual Acuity ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Series Study

Purpose. One of the most difficult refractory glaucomas is the neovascular type (NVG), and its association with dense cataract adds to this difficulty. This study aimed to provide results of the triple surgical procedure for such conditions. Methods. 12 eyes of 12 patients with NVG and dense cataract were included in this case series study. The mean age of patients was 57.25 ± 5.9 years. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 47.25 ± 4.04 mmHg with maximum antiglaucoma therapy. The mean best corrected distant visual acuity (BCDVA) in LogMAR was 2.13 ± 0.38. All patients received intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg (0.05 ml) bevacizumab followed by phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) including panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC). Mean IOP and BCDVA changes were the main outcome results of this study. Results. The follow-up period was 2 years. The mean BCDVA was improved to 1.22 ± 0.35, 1.13 ± 0.34, 1.12 ± 0.37, 1.06 ± 0.38, and 1.01 ± 0.37 at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, after this procedure. This improvement was statistically significant when compared with preoperative BCDVA (P<0.0001). The mean postoperative IOP was dropped to 20.08 ± 4.1, 17.08 ± 2.1, 17.17 ± 5, 15.75 ± 4.7, and 16.17 ± 6.1 mmHg, respectively. At the last follow-up, the mean IOP was statistically significantly lower than preoperative IOP (P<0.0001) at the previously mentioned time points. The success rate was complete in 90.9% of eyes and qualified in 100% of eyes. Iris and angle neovascularization had regressed significantly in all patients, and no serious complications occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusions. This triple surgery can safely improve patients with NVG and dense cataract regarding BCDVA and IOP control. This trial is registered with NCT04143620.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder among Rural, Urban, and Tribal Children (1–10 Years of Age)

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Raina ◽  
Vishav Chander ◽  
Ashok K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Seema Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Tribal Populations

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies on autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have largely focused on children in specific settings. The current scenario of research in ASDs is limited largely to clinic-based case reports, case series, and retrospective chart reviews. The present study is the first population-based prevalence study conducted across rural, urban, and tribal populations in India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional two-phase study was conducted cring children in the age group of 1–10 years of age across geographical regions representing rural, urban, and tribal populations. The first phase (screening phase) involved administration of the Hindi version of the Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism. Those identified as suspected of ASD and 10% of all classified as nonsuspects for autism were also evaluated by the clinical team in second phase (evaluation phase). Results: Forty-three children out of a total of 28,070 children in rural, urban, and tribal area in the age group of 1–10 years were diagnosed as cases of ASD yielding a prevalence of 0.15% (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.15–0.25). Logistic regression analysis showed a two times significantly higher risk of diagnosing ASD in rural area as compared to tribal (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI = 2.17 [1.04–4.52], P = 0.04). Male sex and upper socioeconomic group of head of family/father had a higher risk of getting diagnosed as autism as compared to lower socioeconomic group (OR; 95% CI - 3.23; 0.24–44.28, P = 0.38). Conclusions: Estimation of true prevalence of ASD in India is going to improve policies on developmental disabilities.

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