scholarly journals “GLOBLIZATION TO GLOCALIZATION OF MNFEs IN INDIA” WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOFOOD ENTERPRISES IN LUCKNOW

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 904-911
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Singh ◽  
Dr. Shailendra Kumar Chaturvedi ◽  
Karan veer Singh
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Political Environment

The concept of Glocalization is derived from that of globalization and localization and signifies that companies should not only think globally but also act locally while addressing business functionalities including branding, marketing, advertising and product promotion. Food industry, of India and World is witnessing unprecedented increase in the number of multinational enterprises. These multinational enterprises, when deciding to expand their operations to a new country, have to make a choice between following uniform business strategies as in their home country or modify their strategies to suit the host country socio-economic and political environment. Recently, many multinational food giants have successfully penetrated into emerging markets due to their product or service quality but there are cases where companies have failed to earn profits due to lack of Glocalization strategies. This paper focuses on multinational food Enterprises (MNFEs) and identifies suitable Glocalized strategies in marketing, product development, advertisement etc. establishing themselves and gaining market share in a diverse country like India.

scholarly journals From the Host to the Home Country, the International Upgradation of EMNEs in Sustainability Industries—The Case of a Chinese PV Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jin ◽  
Zhengyi Zhang ◽  
Liying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Trigger Time ◽  
Depth Analysis

With the internationalization of firms from emerging-markets, the upgradation along the global value chain of emerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) has attracted the attention of academics and industries. However, the role of upgradation of EMNEs in a host country to the transition of EMNEs in the home country is ignored. This study explored how EMNEs from emerging-markets could upgrade their operations in their home countries driven by the transformation of subsidiaries in host countries. An in-depth analysis of Company S was conducted to elaborate on the resources and trigger time a firm needs to transform the function of a subsidiary in the host country, and the upgradation of the firm in the home country during the internationalization process. Research on the internationalization of Company S suggested that with the complementary capabilities and markets as the fundamental basic resources, the industrial crisis triggers the firm’s upgrading in the host country. In addition, the intrafirm (internal) market mechanism makes it possible to sustain the upgrading process without conflicts between subsidiaries. Moreover, synergies will develop through interactions with subsidiaries, owing to complementary capabilities and the internal market. The synergetic development promotes the transition of firms in the home country and emphasizes the complementarity of the manufacturing and engineering service. Finally, this study demonstrates the two-stage international upgrading process, in which the international upgrading of firms in the home country is driven by the development and transition of the subsidiary in the host country, which provides contributions to the internationalization upgrading strategy and process of firms from emerging-markets.

Country-of-origin and CSR initiatives: a social dominance perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-515
Author(s):  
Leyla Orudzheva ◽  
Nolan Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Context

Purpose Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to proliferate, but why and how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from different parts of the world engage in CSR is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in behavior based on the status of the MNE’s home country relative to the host country. Design/methodology/approach Applying a social dominance theory (SDT) framework, the authors explain variations in MNE behavior because of perceived hierarchical differences between a MNE’s home country and that of the host country. It is posited that these hierarchical differences trigger a country-of-origin bias that affects stakeholders’ expectations for the MNE, as well as that firm’s response to those expectations. In this integrative conceptual paper, we propose a testable framework derived from a deductive approach that applies the tenets of SDT to predict outcomes of CSR implementation by MNE’s subsidiaries. Findings MNEs from less developed countries are subject to lower expectations and engage in self-debilitating behavior, which may hinder their attempts to implement CSR initiatives in more developed countries. Paradoxically, engaging in CSR initiatives could help reduce liability of foreignness and increase chances for competitive advantage. Practical implications MNEs from developing countries should be aware of a potential country-of-origin bias affecting decisions on CSR implementation and that could also be detrimental to their competitive advantage when operating in more developed countries. Conversely, MNEs from developed countries should be ready for higher expectations of their CSR initiatives in less developed countries. Originality/value This paper strives to contribute to two extant literatures. First, it contributes to the social dominance literature by applying the perspective in the international business context, specifically research on MNE liability of origin. Second, this perspective offers testable propositions on how perceived hierarchies and liability of origin affect firm decision-making, specifically in the context of developing country MNEs. Third, this paper seeks to expand the discussion of MNE subsidiary CSR behavior to account for the relative context of the home and host country.

scholarly journals How to Attract Talented Expatriates: The Key Role of Sustainable HRM

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gahye Hong ◽  
Eunmi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Country Image ◽  
The Us

Retaining talented expatriates is important for multinational enterprises (MNEs) to maintain knowledge sustainability between their headquarters (HQ) and subsidiaries. However, depending on the host country image of a subsidiary, the attractiveness of the subsidiary may make it challenging to recruit prospective expatriates. Based on the sustainable human resource management (HRM) perspective, this study examines the direct effect of the host country image of a subsidiary and the moderating effect of family support policies on a subsidiary’s attractiveness, by comparing subsidiaries in the US and Vietnam. The results are based on data from 434 Korean potential expatriate applicants and show that the host country image of a subsidiary has a direct effect on the subsidiary’s attractiveness. Specifically, expatriate applicants are less attracted to a Vietnam-based subsidiary than to a US-based one. Further, the positive moderating effect of family support policies on subsidiary attractiveness is more relevant for the Vietnam-based subsidiary. This result suggests that family support policies can be a key strategy for overcoming the less preferred host country images of subsidiaries in emerging markets, thus improving subsidiary sustainability in the long term. The implications of these findings are provided in the context of sustainable HRM and the existing expatriate literature.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corruption Distance on Ownership Strategies of Spanish and Portuguese MNEs

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Mariana Pedrosa Faria ◽  
Fernando Carvalho ◽  
Nuno Rosa Reis
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Foreign Subsidiaries ◽  
Ownership Strategy ◽  
Important Decision ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The ownership strategy of foreign subsidiaries is an important decision for multinational enterprises (MNEs). Previous research has analyzed the effect of country dimensions on this strategy, both from the home and the host country. In this paper we delve into the effect of differences between home and host country on the MNEs’ ownership strategies. Empirically, we analyze the influence of corruption distance on the ownership strategies of Spanish and Portuguese MNEs, using data from 3,941 foreign subsidiaries. We found that the higher the absolute corruption distance between Spain (or Portugal) and the host country, the higher the ownership controlled by MNEs. However, when the host is more corrupt than the home country, MNEs have a lower ownership level in the local subsidiaries.  

scholarly journals FDI and Exports in Developing Countries: Theory and Evidence

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq Majeed ◽  
Eatzaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
The Relationship

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) not only generate global flows of foreign direct investment, but are also extremely for global trade flows. UNCTAD (2004) estimates that MNEs account for around two-thirds of world exports. Since MNEs are responsible for a large proportion of world trade, one may infer that there is a close relationship between flows of FDI and trade. An MNE network, consisting of a parent and a network of affiliates, generates simultaneous flows of goods and investments. In this context the pool of knowledge and associated models, which explain international trade, has grown substantially in the recent past, but there is less theoretical consensus about the relationship between trade flows and FDI. The fact that exporting and local production are alternative ways for an MNE to serve the demand in a foreign market suggests a substitutability relationship between FDI and trade. MNE production in the host country implies that local production is a substitute for exports from the home country. On the other hand, MNE affiliates’ production in a host country can generate a demand for intermediate goods from the parent, resulting in a complementary relationship between flows of FDI and trade (exports). Theoretical reasoning therefore supports both these possibilities, providing a strong incentive for empirical analysis

scholarly journals Why Localization Is Necessary as a Business Strategy in Emerging Markets: The Case Comparison of Hyundai and Volkswagen

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Jungyoun Lee ◽  
Jungyeon Kim ◽  
Jiwoo Kim ◽  
Seungho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Institutional Voids ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Multinational Businesses

Localization, the process of establishing the most adequate system in the target market according to the given environment to produce the most viable product in the market, can help multinational enterprises (MNE) to better understand the market, and take the most appropriate actions needed. Business strategies in emerging markets must account for the environment’s distinctive characteristics because emerging markets are characterized by underdeveloped institutions, also known as institutional voids. What would be the best strategy to respond to these voids? The primary focus of this article is to investigate how multinational businesses deal with the institutional voids of emerging markets such as the Indian automobile market, and how the different strategies affect the players’ performances. By comparing Hyundai Motors Company and Volkswagen Auto Group’s different strategical approaches, this research demonstrates that better creation of a local value chain and ecosystem leads to better performance in emerging markets. Survival within emerging markets requires thorough market analysis in an institutional context, and rapid response to environmental shifts resulting from institutional voids. Localization can help in both aspects.

scholarly journals Business Strategies in HR in Times of Crisis: The Case of Agri-Food Industry in Central Greece

Businesses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Konstantina Ragazou
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Mobility Training ◽  
A Company ◽  
Depth Interviews

Crisis, in whatever form it takes, is a challenge for modern business. The challenge lies in the fact that a company is prepared to balance the difficult conditions that are created, while preserving their business interest and efficiency. Thus, companies focus only on their perceived fixed bases, those that are in the internal environment such as the human capital. The need for better human resource management is more urgent than ever, and the burden on the business department is particularly great. The aim of this qualitative research is to highlight the strategies that were developed by agri-food companies in Greece and contribute to the maintenance and motivation of employees in the context of economic crisis. The methodology of this study is based on in depth interviews that were conducted in focus group discussion. Eleven companies from the agri-food sector in the region of Central Greece participated in the research. The executives highlighted three different strategies that were developed by agri-food companies in Greece, which focused on internal mobility, training and appraisal performance. Companies had to face different difficulties to use these strategies, but most of them proved that they can face their weaknesses and apply these strategies in a turbulent period like a financial crisis.

scholarly journals Chinese Service Multinationals: The Degree of Internationalization and Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Wei ◽  
Quyen T. K. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Degree Of Internationalization

AbstractWe investigate the degree of internationalization of Chinese service multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their performance relative to global peers operating in the same industries, using the benchmarking method with the industry financial data. Our theoretical development is based upon Verbeke and Forootan (2012)’s framework, grounded in “new” internalization theory, arguing that an MNE’s financial performance is fundamentally determined by its firm-specific advantages (FSAs). Here FSAs include not only conventional strengths in R&D and brand names, but also the recombination capabilities, which is a higher-order FSA. We theorize that Chinese service MNEs develop FSAs, which are built upon home country-specific advantages (CSAs) and thus their FSAs are home country-bound in nature. They have not yet been able to develop advanced management capabilities through recombination with host CSAs. We empirically examine the largest 500 Chinese service firms. We find that only 23 Chinese service firms are true MNEs, whereas the majority of them are purely domestic firms. The financial performance of Chinese service MNEs is poor relative to global peers. They internationalize mainly through acquisitions of foreign firms, which help them increase their foreign sales, but they are not able to achieve superior performance in overseas operations. We discuss the strategic implications of our findings for managers, public policy makers, and academic research.

Too Old to Forget: The Dynamics of Political Trust among Immigrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172098089
Author(s):  
Chiara Superti ◽  
Noam Gidron
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Institutional Interaction ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Age At Migration ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Point Of Reference

Scholars have argued that immigrants’ trust in institutions is the result of the exposure to host-country institutions but also shaped by past experiences in the country of origin. These experiences create a “home-country point of reference,” a political/institutional memory that becomes the relevant comparison for any political/institutional interaction in the host country. We develop further this concept and unpack its key determinants—the age at migration and the historical conditions of the home country at the specific time of migration. Only those immigrants who were too old to forget the historical and contextual features of the country-of-origin institutions at the time of migration will rely on this comparison when interacting with institutions in the host country. Across time, there is both a continuous positive/negative accumulation of trust for the host-country institutions among those with less/more democratic points of reference. We examine immigrants’ political trust using survey evidence from Israel.

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