scholarly journals HYDROGEOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER IN PERUMAL LAKE, KURINJIPADI TALUK, CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5962-5966
Author(s):  
P. Subramanian ◽  
R. Krishnasamy ◽  
S. M. Sakthivel ◽  
G. Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Ussl Diagram ◽  
Different Parts

A study was carried out to determine the groundwater quality in parts of Perumal Lake, Kurinjipadi Taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu. Totally, 12 groundwater samples were collected at different parts of study area and 16 water samples from surface reservoirs (Perumal lake) and analyzed for physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, TH, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl, SO4 , HCO3- , NO3 ) in order to understand the hydro geochemistry of the water. The results of analysis were interpreted with geology and geomorphology of the area and also by various geochemical diagrams such as Piper trilinear plot and USSL classification diagram. Suitability of this water for its utility was verified using Indian standards. The result indicates irrespective of the seasons that only one well is suitable for drinking purpose, with remaining suitable for domestic and irrigation purpose. Further, from the results, it is pointed out that most of the well water falls in Na-Cl type indicating the influence of seawater in these wells which was confirmed by Piper plot. According to SAR (alkali hazard) and specific conductance (Salinity hazard) is plotted in USSL diagram, classification of water for irrigation purpose can be determined. Majority of groundwater samples fall in C3S1 zone indicating high salinity and low sodium hazard, satisfactory for plants having moderate salt tolerance on soils. In surface water most of the samples fall in C2S1 indicates medium salinity and low sodium hazard.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Suitability of Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study in the Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitindra Kr. Singh ◽  
Geeta Tewari ◽  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Ussl Diagram

In the present study, the groundwater quality for suitability in agriculture from Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand, has been evaluated. A total of 50 groundwater samples have been collected and analysed for pH, EC, TH, HCO3−, CO32−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3–, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+. To assess the groundwater quality for irrigation purpose, parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazards (MHs), permeability index (PI), and chloroalkaline index (CAI) values have been calculated. In USSL diagram, most of the groundwater samples fall in the C2S1 category and were safe for irrigation purpose. Only seven groundwater samples fall in the C3S1 category, indicating medium to high salinity which is safe for irrigation purpose for all types of soils but with limited care of exchangeable sodium. On the basis of RSC, all groundwater samples were observed to be suitable for irrigation purpose. Piper diagram indicated that 50% of the groundwater samples belonged to the Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3− type and 48% was classified as the Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− type. Durov diagram suggested possibilities of ion mixing and simple dissolution of ions from polluted soil.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical and Quality Assessment of Groundwater Resources in Al-Madinah City, Western Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3106
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz G. Alghamdi ◽  
Anwar A. Aly ◽  
Sami Ali Aldhumri ◽  
Fahad N. Al-Barakaha
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Class V ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Fifty-four groundwater samples were collected from Hamra Alasad in Al-Madinah City. The chemical and microbial characteristics of the samples were analyzed and compared with their respective standards. The results revealed that 90.7% of the samples showed higher amounts of NO3. However, 59.3% of the samples were found unfit for irrigation purposes due to a high salinity hazard. Most of the groundwater samples were highly saline, yet no sodicity hazards were anticipated as predicted by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Generally, the soluble cations and anions, dissolved salts, boron, and NO3− exceeded the maximum permissible limits for drinking water in most of the samples; however, Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, and Cr were within the permissible limits. Furthermore, 42.6%, 24.1%, 18.5%, 14.8%, 1.9%, and 37.0% of the samples were infected by a total coliforms group, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp., and Shigilla sp., respectively. The water quality index revealed that 3.7% of the samples were good for drinking (class II), and 9.3% were very poor (class IV). The remaining samples were unfit for drinking (class V) due to high salinity and/or microbial contamination. Durov and Piper diagrams revealed that the majority of water samples were of the calcium sulfate–chloride type. Overall, 87% of water samples were inappropriate for drinking purposes, while 77.8% were unsuitable for irrigation.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality evaluation for irrigation application in Mandsaur region, Madhya Pradesh, India

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Vinita Kulshreshtha ◽  
Pramendra Dev
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells

The chemical analysis of 22 water samples collected from representative open dug-wells existing in the Mandsaur area of Madhya Pradesh, India, was carried out for evaluating the quality of irrigation water. For this purpose, its colour, odour, taste, pH, total hardness, electrical conductivity, ionic concentrations, and various other parameters were determined. The calculated values of per cent sodium, Kelley's ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate and magnesium hazard indicate that except at a few places, the groundwater, in general, is suitable for irrigation. The sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity values were plotted on the U.S. Salinity Diagram. The plots of these parameters indicate that 8 samples fall in CS type (Medium Salinity and Low Sodium hazards), and 14 samples belong to C type (High Salinity and Low Sodium hazards). In general, the groundwater is favourable for irrigation use. The values of electrical conductivity and sodium percentage determined in respect of groundwater samples of Mandsaur were also plotted on the Wilcox Diagram. Based on this diagram, 4 samples represent Excellent to Good categories, whereas 18 samples indicate Good to Permissible categories. Based on this classification the groundwater of Mandsaur area, in general, is suitable for irrigation application.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical analyses for assessment the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes at northeastern part of El-Bahariya oasis, Western desert, Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Wael Ragab GAWEISH ◽  
◽  
Igor’ Alekseevich MARAEV ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Zaher MOHAMED ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed DARWISH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Ussl Diagram ◽  
Bahariya Oasis

Research relevance. The study area suffers from lack of surface water and located at no.rtheastern part of El-Bahariya oasis, near from El-Gedida mine, where iron ore is extracted. Therefore groundwater may be contaminated from ElGedida mine, so it’s necessary to study its quality by hydrochemical analyses. Research objectives: assessment the quality of groundwater using different of analyses of quality of groundwater and studying the feasibility of using it for different purposes like drinking, irrigation and domestic purposes. Methodology. Collected groundwater samples were analyzed for determining the concentration of various Anions and Cations, Concentration of Hydrogen Ions pH, Total Dissolved Solids T.D.S, Electrical Conductivity σ, Total Water Hardness C, Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR, Sodium Content SC, Piper diagram, Schoeller Diagram and USSL Diagram for evaluating the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes Results. Based on the result of the hydrochemical analyses of collected groundwater samples. 1. Water sample no. 4, which is located in the southeastern part of the study area, is classified as a good water for drinking and domestic purposes. 2. Water samples no. 4 and 5, which located at southeastern and southwestern parts of the study area, were classified as good suitability for irrigation of all types of crops, but, water samples no. 7 and 9 aren’t suitable for irrigation, Except crops capable of withstand very high salinity.

scholarly journals Water quality of Barishal sadar upazila in Bangladesh for drinking, irrigation, aquaculture and livestock consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Md Imdadul Hoque ◽  
Md Aktarul Islam ◽  
Md Niaz Morshed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Hard Limit ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Mg Content

A study was conducted to assess of groundwater and surface water quality of Barisal sadar upazila. Total 22 water samples (11 pond water and 11 groundwater) were collected from January to March, 2017. Samples were slightly acidic in nature and 7 pond water not suitable for aquaculture in respect of pH. Samples of pond were “excellent” and groundwater samples were “good” for irrigation except two high salinity group water for irrigation for EC. Calcium indicates the samples were suitable for aquaculture but 7 samples were not suitable due to higher Mg content. In respect of K, 9 samples were not suitable for aquaculture. Cu concentrations found suitable for all purposes. For Fe and Zn samples are suitable for irrigation and consumption. Chloride showed, samples were not suitable for livestock consumption except 7 ponds sample. Samples are not suitable for aquaculture in respect of Cl, Fe and Zn. For Manganese, samples (except 1) found suitable for consumption. Samples were “excellent” for sensitive, semi-tolerant and tolerant crops in respect of B. Not any samples responded to CO3 test and HCO3 concentrations found normal. All water sources free from Arsenic contamination. Phosphorus concentration in groundwater might not be harmful for multipurpose use. SAR categorized all samples “excellent” class for irrigation except 2 groundwater samples. 15 samples were “suitable”, 3 were “marginal” and 4 were “unsuitable” for irrigation in respect of RSC. For HT, 13 were “moderately hard” and 09 were “hard” limit for irrigation and samples were suitable for drinking and livestock consumption. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2020, 6(1): 44-55

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical characterisation and appraisal of groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigational purposes in a semi-arid region, Karnataka state, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mohammed-Aslam ◽  
Syed Shams Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Semi Arid Region

AbstractHydrogeochemical investigations have been carried out in a semi-arid region of Aland taluk of Karnataka State, India. The analysis has been done to examine the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigational purposes. In this concern, thirty-two groundwater samples were collected in pre-monsoon (April 2016) and post-monsoon season (November 2016), from the different location within the study area. These samples have been further analysed for different ions such as CO32−, HCO3−, NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ Fe2+, SO42−, Clˉ and F− to evaluate the hydrochemical behaviour with SSP (sodium soluble percentage), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), % Na (percentage sodium), RSC (residual sodium carbonate), KR (Kelly’s ratio), PI (permeability index) and MH (magnesium hazards). These positive and negative ions have been further correlated with the maximum annual rainfall within the study area to find out the variations between these ions for the precipitation. Suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes around the catchment was not suitable except in a few places. Irrigational suitability of groundwater showed that the water is within the limit for irrigation except in a few locations. Wilcox diagram depicts that 90% of the pre-monsoon samples and 65% of the post-monsoon samples fell into excellent to good category zone. US salinity diagram explains that 71% of pre-monsoon samples belong to medium-salinity-hazard to low-sodium-content zones, whereas 50% of post-monsoon samples fall into high-salinity-hazard to low-sodium-content zone. Gibbs’s plot showed that the water–rock processes control the geochemistry of the Aland region in both monsoon seasons. Chadha’s diagram depicts that 56.25% of the groundwater samples fall under the subfield of Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl− water type with permanent hardness during pre-monsoon season, whereas 50% of groundwater samples falls under the subfield of Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3− water type with temporary hardness during post-monsoon season.

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Quality of Water Treatment Plants Effluent of Basrah City for Irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The study included the assessment of the quality of the effluent of water treatment plants for irrigation uses. Eleven water treatment plants were selected in Basrah city center and surrounding areas which are Al-bradaiah1, Al-bradaiah2, Al-Ribat, R-Zero, Garmma1, Garmma2, Al Maqil, Al Jubila, Shatt Al_Arab, Al Hartha, and Al Basrah unified. One sample monthly were taken from these stations' effluent during January to December 2013, and the water samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO4), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), potassium (K), bicarbonate(HCO3), and carbonate (CO3-2). Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were calculated by using standard equations, but EC and SAR were plotted on Richard diagram it is illustrated that water samples of R- Zero and Al- Maqil  located in the class of C3-S1 representing high salinity with low sodium, which can be used for irrigation to all soil types with a minimum risk of exchangeable sodium, water samples of Al- Bradaiah1, Al- Bradaiah2, Garmma1 , Garmma2, Al Jubaila and Shatt Al-Arab located in the class of C4-S2, of very high salinity and medium sodium which is considered poor. Al- Basrah unified, Al Hartha and Al Ribat located in the class of C3-S2, of high salinity and medium sodium, which is considered as Marginal. The results of the study revealed that R- Zero, Al Maqil has a good water quality for irrigation and the rest need a more interesting in treatment, or reduce the rate of mixing with Shatt Al–Arab River.

scholarly journals HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY OF SPRINGS ON ANDROS: AN ISLAND OF THE CYCLADES COMPLEX, GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
F. Filippidis ◽  
G. Stamatis ◽  
I. Mantaloufa
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Solute Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Processes

The paper presents the results of the physicochemical parameters of the springs of Andros which were studied to evaluate the chemistry of the major ions and solute acquisition processes, which control the chemical composition and the suitability of the quality of water for drinking use. Forty two samples were taken for physicochemical analysis almost at the end of the summer period, in September 2014. The Piper plot was used for the hydrogeochemical classification of groundwater which also indicated that the majority of groundwater samples belong to the Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl type. According to the Durov plot the majority of samples, can be positioned in field 2 in which a process of cation exchange is in progress. Also, the HCO3 /(HCO3 +SO4) ratio indicates a weathering process from carbonic acid. In general, the majority of samples can be characterized as potable.

scholarly journals Characteristics and quality of gray water and the possibility of reuse for irrigation purposes from the houses of some areas of the left side of the city of Mosul

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2209-2215
Author(s):  
Safa Arshed Saadoon ◽  
Ayad Fadeel Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Gray Water ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
The City

The research dealt with assessing the quality of gray water generated from houses in some areas of the left side of the city of Mosul and determining the suitability of reusing it for irrigation; for this purpose, 90 samples of gray water were collected from fifteen neighborhoods of the left side for a period of six months during the period from November 2020 to April 2021. The research aims to conduct a monthly study to assess the quality and suitability of gray water for irrigation by conducting physical, chemical, and biological tests for gray water generated from houses Where the values of E.C. ranged (751-1621) μS/cm and T.D.S. (483-684) mg/L, and pH ranged (6.3-8.2), and the concentration of sodium ions ranged between (7.8-147) mg/L as for the concentration of C.O.D. (Chemical Oxygen Demand) ranged between (69-200) mg/L While the C.O.D. values ranged between (69-200) mg /L , The S.A.R. values were between (0.18-2.98) meq/L, and the phosphate ions values ranged between (0.25-3.7) mg/L; finally, the average of fecal coliform bacteria was (0.0-4) x 105/100 ml. The study concluded that the water was classified under the category (C3-S1) high salinity - low sodium, which is suitable for irrigation of plants that are well tolerant to salinity and is suitable for use in soils that do not contain complex layers that prevent leaching because these soils will need to be washed when irrigated with this water. This study recommended diluting gray water by mixing it with fresh water and using it for irrigation.

scholarly journals Assessment of water quality in drainage canals of Çarşamba Plain, Turkey, through water quality indexes and graphical methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
Langelier Saturation Index ◽  
Ussl Diagram

<p>In this study, the seasonal variation on drainage water quality of Çarşamba Plain, Turkey has been evaluated from June 2012 to January 2013 and determined the suitability of water for irrigation purpose. Water samples collected from 21 drainage canals during July and January were analysed for 12 water quality parameters including physico-chemical analyses<strong>. </strong>Piper diagram and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram were prepared to investigate water quality. Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Percent Sodium (Na%), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Kelly Index (KI), Magnesium Ratio (MR), Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Permeability Index (PI) and Potential Salinity (PS) were also used to assess suitability of waters for irrigation.</p> <p>In July 2012, EC values varied between 0.45-4.23 dS/m. Waters of 7 drainage canals were found to be unsuitable for irrigation with regard to KI, 3 canals with regard to RSC and 13 canals with regard to MR. According to USSL diagram, 24% of drainage waters were classified in C<sub>2</sub>S<sub>1</sub>, 62% in C<sub>3</sub>S<sub>1</sub>, 4% in C<sub>4</sub>S<sub>2</sub> and 10% in C<sub>4</sub>S<sub>4</sub> class. In January 2013, EC values varied between 0.16-1.44 dS/m. Waters of one canal was found to be unsuitable for irrigation with regard to KI and 8 canals with regard to MR values.</p> <div> <p>The result obtained from paired sample <em>t</em>-test revealed that the drainage canal water quality varies significantly between June 2012 and January 2013 except for Ca, Mg and SO<sub>4</sub>. &nbsp;According to analysed parameters, some of&nbsp; the drainage canals were considered unsuitable for irrigation in june 2012. The water properties of all canals were observed as unsuitable to be used for drip irrigation in accordance to the LSI index. Classification of drainage water by USSL diagrams indicates a low sodium and high salinity hazard.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

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