Hydrochemical analyses for assessment the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes at northeastern part of El-Bahariya oasis, Western desert, Egypt

Research relevance. The study area suffers from lack of surface water and located at no.rtheastern part of El-Bahariya oasis, near from El-Gedida mine, where iron ore is extracted. Therefore groundwater may be contaminated from ElGedida mine, so it’s necessary to study its quality by hydrochemical analyses. Research objectives: assessment the quality of groundwater using different of analyses of quality of groundwater and studying the feasibility of using it for different purposes like drinking, irrigation and domestic purposes. Methodology. Collected groundwater samples were analyzed for determining the concentration of various Anions and Cations, Concentration of Hydrogen Ions pH, Total Dissolved Solids T.D.S, Electrical Conductivity σ, Total Water Hardness C, Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR, Sodium Content SC, Piper diagram, Schoeller Diagram and USSL Diagram for evaluating the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigation purposes Results. Based on the result of the hydrochemical analyses of collected groundwater samples. 1. Water sample no. 4, which is located in the southeastern part of the study area, is classified as a good water for drinking and domestic purposes. 2. Water samples no. 4 and 5, which located at southeastern and southwestern parts of the study area, were classified as good suitability for irrigation of all types of crops, but, water samples no. 7 and 9 aren’t suitable for irrigation, Except crops capable of withstand very high salinity.

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Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Suitability of Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study in the Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2020/6924026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kshitindra Kr. Singh ◽

Geeta Tewari ◽

Suresh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

High Salinity ◽

Polluted Soil ◽

Exchangeable Sodium ◽

Permeability Index ◽

Piper Diagram ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Irrigation Purpose ◽

Ussl Diagram

In the present study, the groundwater quality for suitability in agriculture from Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand, has been evaluated. A total of 50 groundwater samples have been collected and analysed for pH, EC, TH, HCO3−, CO32−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3–, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+. To assess the groundwater quality for irrigation purpose, parameters like sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazards (MHs), permeability index (PI), and chloroalkaline index (CAI) values have been calculated. In USSL diagram, most of the groundwater samples fall in the C2S1 category and were safe for irrigation purpose. Only seven groundwater samples fall in the C3S1 category, indicating medium to high salinity which is safe for irrigation purpose for all types of soils but with limited care of exchangeable sodium. On the basis of RSC, all groundwater samples were observed to be suitable for irrigation purpose. Piper diagram indicated that 50% of the groundwater samples belonged to the Mg2+-Ca2+-HCO3− type and 48% was classified as the Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− type. Durov diagram suggested possibilities of ion mixing and simple dissolution of ions from polluted soil.

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Hydro-geochemical Assessment of Seawater Intrusion in Freshwater Shallow Aquifer in Southeastern Coastal of Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu, India

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.f1216.089620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 56-63

Keyword(s):

Sea Water ◽

Laboratory Method ◽

Shallow Aquifer ◽

Sea Water Intrusion ◽

Monsoon Period ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Piper Diagram ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Spatial Maps

As the coastal line of Tamilnadu is long, it may have been affected due to sea water intrusion by natural (sea level rise) and anthropogenic. Therefore, this study deals with the Hydro chemical assessment of seawater interruption in freshwater aquifer in Parangipettai region. For this assessment, the groundwater samples have been collected in various locations of Parangipettai region for both pre and post-monsoon period. The collected samples were tested by laboratory method for the identification of major cat ions and anions, namely TDS, EC, chloride, magnesium, Bicarbonate, calcium, sodium, potassium, and sulphate. The spatial maps for all the parameters were carried out using the ArcGIS 10.2 version for the purpose of better understanding the quality of groundwater. The results obtained through laboratory method are used to create Salinity and sodium risk of irrigation water in US salinity diagram, Gibbs diagram, permeability index and reconstructed diamond field of piper diagram using the watclast software. From the spatial maps, watclast diagrams and the standards recommended by WHO, BIS, and ISI, the SWI are discussed in detail to recommend the remedial measures to recover and restore the feature of groundwater in the Parangipettai region.

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HYDROGEOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER IN PERUMAL LAKE, KURINJIPADI TALUK, CUDDALORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v13i10.5806 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5962-5966

Author(s):

P. Subramanian ◽

R. Krishnasamy ◽

S. M. Sakthivel ◽

G. Vijayakumar

Keyword(s):

High Salinity ◽

Specific Conductance ◽

Salinity Hazard ◽

Low Sodium ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Irrigation Purpose ◽

Ussl Diagram ◽

Different Parts

A study was carried out to determine the groundwater quality in parts of Perumal Lake, Kurinjipadi Taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu. Totally, 12 groundwater samples were collected at different parts of study area and 16 water samples from surface reservoirs (Perumal lake) and analyzed for physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, TH, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl, SO4 , HCO3- , NO3 ) in order to understand the hydro geochemistry of the water. The results of analysis were interpreted with geology and geomorphology of the area and also by various geochemical diagrams such as Piper trilinear plot and USSL classification diagram. Suitability of this water for its utility was verified using Indian standards. The result indicates irrespective of the seasons that only one well is suitable for drinking purpose, with remaining suitable for domestic and irrigation purpose. Further, from the results, it is pointed out that most of the well water falls in Na-Cl type indicating the influence of seawater in these wells which was confirmed by Piper plot. According to SAR (alkali hazard) and specific conductance (Salinity hazard) is plotted in USSL diagram, classification of water for irrigation purpose can be determined. Majority of groundwater samples fall in C3S1 zone indicating high salinity and low sodium hazard, satisfactory for plants having moderate salt tolerance on soils. In surface water most of the samples fall in C2S1 indicates medium salinity and low sodium hazard.

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ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUND WATER UNDER SOME URBAN AREAS WITHIN SANA’A SECRETERIAT

Eclética Química Journal ◽

10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v35.1.2010.p77-84 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wadie S.T AL- Ariqi ◽

Abduljalil A.D.S Ghaleb

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Ground Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Base Exchange ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Almost All

Groundwater from nine wells of three different districts, located at Sana’a secretariat was analyzed for hydrochemical quality assessment. Measurements of water quality parameters including pH, EC, CO32-, HCO3-,Cl-,NO3-,SO4 2-,Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, K+, and Na+ were carried out . Classification of the groundwater samples according to Cl, SO4 2-, CO32- and HCO3-, hardness(H), total dissolved solids (TDS), base-exchange, and meteoric genesis was demonstrated. Suitability of ground water samples for irrigation and industrial uses according to sodium adsorption ration (SAR), ratio of dissolved sodium (RDS), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and saturation index (SI) was also investigated. The results of this study showed that almost all ground water samples were of good quality that makes them suitable for drinking and domestic uses. Results also indicated that even though some of the ground water samples were suitable for irrigation purposes, almost all of them were found not be good for industrial uses. Despite all drawbacks of the sewerage system built around Sana’a secretariat at the beginning of the first decade of the third millennium, the results of this study indicate that there is scope of significant improvement in Sana’a secretariat ground water quality.

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Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and the Suitability of Groundwater in the Alluvial-Diluvial Plain of Southwest Shandong Province, China

Water ◽

10.3390/w11081577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1577 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zongjun Gao ◽

Jiutan Liu ◽

Jianguo Feng ◽

Min Wang ◽

Guangwei Wu

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Social Economy ◽

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Mixed Types ◽

Better Than

The alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province is an important agricultural economic zone and energy base in Shandong Province. Groundwater plays an extremely significant role in the development of the regional social economy. In this study, 50 sets of water samples, collected from 25 wells during October 2016 and June 2017, were utilized to determine the hydrogeochemistry and the suitability of groundwater in the alluvial-diluvial plain of southwest Shandong Province for different applications, such as drinking and irrigation. Most of the water samples could be classified as hard-fresh water or hard-brackish water, and the dominant water types were HCO3-Na and mixed types. Water-rock interactions and evaporation were the dominant controlling factors in the formation of the hydrochemical components in the groundwater. Dissolutions of silicate, calcite, dolomite, and gypsum are the major reactions contributing and defining the groundwater chemistry in this plain. Moreover, cation exchange is a non-negligible hydrogeochemical process in this plain. Calculated saturation index (SI) values indicate that aragonite, calcite and dolomite are saturated, while the SI values for gypsum and halite are unsaturated. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the groundwater quality ranges from excellent to very poor. More than 50% of all groundwater samples from 2016 are categorized as poor or very poor, suggesting that the water from these wells is not suitable for drinking. According to the sodium adsorption ratio and percentage sodium, most of the samples are suitable for agricultural irrigation. Overall, the quality of the groundwater in 2017 was found to be better than in 2016.

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Enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from surface water concentrates by laser-scanning cytometry

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0133 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 197-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. Zanelli ◽

B. Compagnon ◽

J. C. Joret ◽

M. R. de Roubin

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Immunomagnetic Separation ◽

Entire Surface ◽

Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽

Different Types ◽

Laser Scanning Cytometry ◽

Direct Microscopic Observation

The utilization of the ChemScan® RDI was tested for different types of water concentrates. Concentrates were prepared by cartridge filtration or flocculation, and analysed either without purification, or after Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) or flotation on percoll-sucrose gradients. Theenumeration of the oocysts was subsequently performed using the ChemScan® RDI Cryptosporidium application. Enumeration by direct microscopic observation of the entire surface of the membrane was carried out as a control, and recoveries were calculated as a ratio between the ChemScan® RDI result and the result obtained with direct microscopic enumeration. The Chemscan enumeration technique proved reliable, with recoveries yielding close to 100% in most cases (average 125%, range from 86 to 467%) for all the concentration/purification techniques tested. The quality of the antibodies was shown to be critical, with antibodies from some suppliers yielding recoveries a low as 10% in some cases. This difficulty could, however, be overcome by the utilization of the antibody provided by Chemunex. These data conclusively prove that laser scanning cytometry, which greatly facilitates the microscopic enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water samples and decreases the time of observation by four to six times, can be successfully applied to water concentrates prepared from a variety of concentration/purification techniques.

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Effect of NaCl Replacement by other Salts on the Quality of Bísaro Pork Sausages (PGI Chouriça de Vinhais)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10050961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 961

Author(s):

Alfredo Teixeira ◽

Rubén Domínguez ◽

Iasmin Ferreira ◽

Etelvina Pereira ◽

Leticia Estevinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Important Goal ◽

Salt Consumption ◽

Oxidation Index ◽

Pork Sausages

Concerned about the trend to reduce salt consumption, the meat industry has been increasing the strategies to produce and commercialize products where the reduction or even the replacement of NaCl is an important goal. The aim of this study was to test the effect of partial NaCl replacement by KCl and Sub4Salt® on the quality of pork sausages. Three different formulations (NaCl + KCl, NaCl + Sub4Salt®, and KCl + Sub4Salt®) were considered and compared to the control (2% NaCl). Physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and microbiological and sensory characteristics were evaluated. The replacement of NaCl did not affect pH, water activity (aw) or its chemical composition after eight or 16 days ripening time, while a significant sodium reduction was achieved. The oxidation index expressed in TBARS was also not affected by the NaCl substitution and varied between 0.01 to 0.04 of malonaldehyde (MDA) per kg of sample. Similarly, the NaCl replacement did not change the microbiological quality of the sausages, and the production of healthier meat sausages had also no significant effect on their sensory characteristics. Therefore, according to the results obtained, it is viable and a good strategy for the meat industry to produce “reduced sodium content” sausages without affecting their traditional quality.

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Assessment of Quality of Groundwater in Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi Areas of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu, India

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2009/628719 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 898-904

Author(s):

D. Ilangeswaran ◽

R. Kumar ◽

D. Kannan

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Water Quality Standards ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Groundwater Samples

Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas of Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi of Pudukkottai District, Tamilnadu and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results of this analysis were compared with the water quality standards of ISI, WHO and CPHEEO. In this analysis the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-, NO2-, CN-, Nas+, K+, NH3, Mn, Fe, Ca & Mg hardnessetc., were determined using standard procedures. The quality of groundwater samples were discussed with respect to these parameters and thus an attempt were made to ascertain the quality of groundwater used for drinking and cooking purposes in and around Kandarvakottai and Karambakudi areas.

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PROBLEMS OF QUALITY AND SAFETY OF BOTTLED DRINKING WATER

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2018.4.26 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Л.И. АМБАРЦУМЯН ◽

Е.Н. ГУБА ◽

М.В. ГУСЕВА ◽

С.Н. ДИЯНОВА ◽

В.В. ИЛЛАРИОНОВА

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Water Samples ◽

Quality And Safety ◽

Testing Laboratory ◽

Bottled Drinking Water ◽

Microelement Composition ◽

Microbiological Indicators

Проведены исследования качества 12 образцов питьевой бутилированной воды в условиях аккредитованной испытательной лаборатории. Исследование информативности маркировки образцов воды выявило, что не все производители выполняют требования ТР ТС 022/2011. Дана оценка органолептических, физико-химических и микробиологических показателей питьевой воды. Определены критерии безвредности химического состава образцов. Исследован макро- и микроэлементный состав. Выявлена необходимость повышения степени ответственности производителей при формировании качества. The quality of 12 samples of bottled drinking water was studied in an accredited testing laboratory. The study of informative labeling of water samples revealed that not all manufacturers fulfill the requirements of TR TS 022/2011. The evaluation of organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators of drinking water is given. Criteria of harmlessness of the chemical composition of samples are defined. It is investigated macro- and microelement composition of drinking water. The necessity to increase the degree of responsibility of producers in the formation of quality is revealed.

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The impact of the partial replacement of sodium chloride in the development of starter cultures during Italian salami production

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.1590/1981-6723.03615 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudia Fieira ◽

João Francisco Marchi ◽

Daiana Marafão ◽

Alexandre da Trindade Alfaro

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Starter Culture ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Starter Cultures ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

High Sodium ◽

Cured Meat ◽

The Impact

Abstract Italian salami is a cured meat with high sodium contents which is easy, fast and convenient to consume. Starter cultures are used to improve its sensory characteristics and refine its technological manufacturing process. The goal of this study was to reduce the sodium content in Italian salami through the partial replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and evaluate the viability of the Lactobacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. cells found in the starter culture. Four formulations were elaborated: one with, and one without the starter culture, but both with the addition of sodium chloride; and two with the partial replacement of 60% of the sodium chloride: the first with KCl, and the other with a mixture of KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. Physicochemical and microbiological evaluations were carried out to monitor the ripening and the quality of the final product. The partial replacement of NaCl by other salts (MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl) did not interfere in the growth of the starter culture in the Italian salami, neither did it affect the majority of the physicochemical parameters of the Italian salami nor the microbiological quality of the final product.

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