Efficiency of a rapid assay for diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection in early ages with high levels of bilirubin

Background: The infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) considers one of the common types of viral disease that can infect all ages of the human. Babies and children as an early age of the human life are usually infected by such type of virus with high incidence rates all over the world. An evaluation of a rapid assay (RA) in comparison with ELISA for diagnosis of HBV infection in early ages patients with a high level of bilirubin was investigated in the present study.Methods: A total of 86 early age patients with high bilirubin levels (35 babies and 51 children) were involved in this study. Sandwich ELISA and RA were applied to detect HBsAg of HBV in the patient's blood samples. Results: According to the rapid assay, all of our patients were shown a negative result for HBV infection, while the application of sandwich ELISA showed positive results in two of them (child and baby).Conclusions: The RA could be used as a second chose to detect HBV infection after ELISA. The diagnostic device produce by ABNO company which was used as one of the RA was revealed less effective to detect HBV infection.

Download Full-text

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus among female sex workers in Nigeria

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652008000400006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 219-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. C. Forbi ◽

N. Onyemauwa ◽

S. D. Gyar ◽

A. O. Oyeleye ◽

P. Entonu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Female Sex ◽

B Virus ◽

High Prevalence

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in Nigeria and constitutes a public health menace. The prevalence of HBV infection in many professional groups has been described in Nigeria. However, literature on HBV infection among female sex workers (FSW) in Nigeria is scanty. FSW in Nigeria are not subjected to a preventive control of HBV infection. This study assesses the extent of spread of HBV among FSW in Nigeria. Seven hundred and twenty (n = 720) FSW (mean age = 26.7 years) were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by a double antibody sandwich ELISA method. The overall HBV prevalence among the FSW was 17.1%. FSWs between the ages of 31-35 year (20.5%) and those with 'age-at-first-sex' below 10 years of age (28%) were most affected. This high prevalence of a vaccine preventable disease is unacceptable, therefore, vaccination of this high risk HBV reservoir group should be considered worthwhile.

Download Full-text

Degenerate Immunogenicity of an HLA-A2-Restricted Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsid Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope That Is Also Presented by HLA-B51

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.75.8.3984-3987.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 75 (8) ◽

pp. 3984-3987 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Robert Thimme ◽

Kyong-Mi Chang ◽

Janell Pemberton ◽

Alessandro Sette ◽

Francis V. Chisari

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽

Therapeutic Vaccine ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Target Cells ◽

B Virus ◽

Positive Target

ABSTRACT The recent identification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) epitopes restricted by multiple HLA alleles has greatly expanded the epitope repertoire available for T-cell-mediated therapeutic vaccine development. The HLA-B51-restricted peptide HBc19-27 is particularly interesting because it is located entirely within the HLA-A2-restricted HBc18-27 epitope. Here we show that HLA-B51-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for HBc19-27 from a patient with acute HBV infection were also able to lyse HLA-B51-positive target cells pulsed with HBc18-27 and to produce gamma interferon when stimulated by that peptide, implying that HBc18-27 can be presented by HLA-B51 as well as by HLA-A2. These results demonstrate the concept of degenerate immunogenicity across HLA class supertype boundaries in a human viral disease setting. In addition, they could facilitate the development of an epitope-based therapeutic vaccine to terminate chronic HBV infection that could provide a broad and diverse population coverage with a single peptide.

Download Full-text

How Far we are towards Eradication of HBV Infection

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.244.hbv ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 473-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mihai Voiculescu

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

T Cell ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

T Cell Receptors ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Cell Receptors ◽

B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem with an important biological and a significant socio-economic impact all over the world. There is a high pressure to come up with a new and more efficient strategy against HBV infection, especially after the recent success of HCV treatment. Preventing HBV infection through vaccine is currently the most efficient way to decrease HBV-related cirrhosis and liver cancer incidence, as well as the best way to suppress the HBV reservoir. The vaccine is safe and efficient in 80-95% of cases. One of its most important roles is to reduce materno-fetal transmission, by giving the first dose of vaccine in the first 24 hours after birth. Transmission of HBV infection early in life is still frequent, especially in countries with high endemicity.Successful HBV clearance by the host is immune-mediated, with a complex combined innate and adaptive cellular and humoral immune response. Different factors, such as the quantity and the sequence of HBV epitope during processing by dendritic cells and presenting by different HLA molecules or the polymorphism of T cell receptors (TOL) are part of a complex network which influences the final response. A new potential therapeutic strategy is to restore T-cell antiviral function and to improve innate and adaptive immune response by immunotherapeutic manipulation.It appears that HBV eradication is far from being completed in the next decades, and a new strategy against HBV infection must be considered. Abbreviations: ALT: alanine aminotransferase; APC: antigen presenting cells; cccDNA: covalently closed circular DNA; HBIG: hepatitis B immunoglobulin; HbsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; IFN: interferon; NUC: nucleos(t)ide analogues; pg RNA: pre genomic RNA; TLR: toll-like receptors; TOL: T cell receptors.

Download Full-text

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an adult: a case report

Kanzo ◽

10.2957/kanzo.51.615 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 615-619

Author(s):

Yuichi Honma ◽

Masaru Harada ◽

Masaaki Hiura ◽

Ryoichi Narita ◽

Shintaro Abe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

B Virus

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Innate immune responses in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718272283.793522542 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-Michel Pawlotsky

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

B Virus

Download Full-text

Possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host microRNA with potential antiviral activity in patients with hepatitis B virus-related persistent infection: a systematic review

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514002839 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 1751-1768 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Fiorino ◽

L. Bacchi-Reggiani ◽

S. Sabbatani ◽

F. Grizzi ◽

L. di Tommaso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Viral Pathogen ◽

Increased Risk ◽

B Virus ◽

Chronic Hbv

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a serious global health problem and persistent HBV infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Recently, the study of the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of HBV has gained considerable interest as well as new treatments against this pathogen have been approved. A few studies have investigated the antiviral activity of vitamin E (VE) in chronic HBV carriers. Herein, we review the possible role of tocopherols in the modulation of host miRNA with potential anti-HBV activity. A systematic research of the scientific literature was performed by searching the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases. The keywords used were ‘HBV therapy’, ‘HBV treatment’, ‘VE antiviral effects’, ‘tocopherol antiviral activity’, ‘miRNA antiviral activity’ and ‘VE microRNA’. Reports describing the role of miRNA in the regulation of HBV life cycle,in vitroandin vivoavailable studies reporting the effects of VE on miRNA expression profiles and epigenetic networks, and clinical trials reporting the use of VE in patients with HBV-related chronic hepatitis were identified and examined. Based on the clinical results obtained in VE-treated chronic HBV carriers, we provide a reliable hypothesis for the possible role of this vitamin in the modulation of host miRNA profiles perturbed by this viral pathogen and in the regulation of some cellular miRNA with a suggested potential anti-HBV activity. This approach may contribute to the improvement of our understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in HBV infection and increase the possibility of its management and treatment.

Download Full-text

Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnancy: Immunological Response, Natural Course and Pregnancy Outcomes

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2926

Author(s):

Sirinart Sirilert ◽

Theera Tongsong

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Natural Course ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Chronic Hbv Infection ◽

B Virus ◽

Chronic Hbv ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

The Impact

This review aimed to provide an update on the impact of pregnancy on the natural course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and also on the impact of HBV infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). For the literature review, original research articles, review articles, and guidelines were narratively reviewed and comprehensively validated. The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL were carefully searched for articles in English on topics related to HBV infection, pregnancy, and vertical transmission from 1960 to May 2021. Immunological changes during pregnancy such as suppression of Th1 response and induction of Th2 immunity lead to an impaired immune reaction to HBV and stimulate viral activity along with the reduction of CD8 T cells to escape immune detection. The impact of pregnancy on the natural course of chronic HBV infection seems to be minimal, while pregnancy can increase morbidity and mortality in the case of advanced HBV hepatitis or cirrhosis. Importantly, hepatitis flare or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare can occur during pregnancy and is more common during the postpartum period due to the interaction between HBV and the immune response. Interestingly, the impact of HBV infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes is more serious than ever thought. Updated evidence indicates that pregnancies with chronic HBV infection increase the risk of preterm birth and gestational diabetes, especially in cases of positive hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg).

Download Full-text

Epitope–Paratope Interaction of a Neutralizing Human Anti-Hepatitis B Virus PreS1 Antibody That Recognizes the Receptor-Binding Motif

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9070754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 754

Author(s):

Jisu Hong ◽

Youngjin Choi ◽

Yoonjoo Choi ◽

Jiwoo Lee ◽

Hyo Jeong Hong

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Receptor Binding ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Binding Motif ◽

Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis ◽

B Virus ◽

Complementarity Determining Regions

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health burden that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. To develop an HBV-neutralizing antibody that effectively prevents HBV infection, we previously generated a human anti-preS1 monoclonal antibody (1A8) that binds to genotypes A–D and validated its HBV-neutralizing activity in vitro. In the present study, we aimed to determine the fine epitope and paratope of 1A8 to understand the mechanism of HBV neutralization. We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis on the preS1 (aa 19–34, genotype C) and the heavy (HCDR) and light (LCDR) chain complementarity-determining regions. The 1A8 recognized the three residues (Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25) within the highly conserved receptor-binding motif (NPLGFFP) of the preS1, while four CDR residues of 1A8 were critical in antigen binding. Structural analysis of the epitope–paratope interaction by molecular modeling revealed that Leu100 in the HCDR3, Ala50 in the HCDR2, and Tyr96 in the LCDR3 closely interacted with Leu22, Gly23, and Phe25 of the preS1. Additionally, we found that 1A8 also binds to the receptor-binding motif (NPLGFLP) of infrequently occurring HBV. The results suggest that 1A8 may broadly and effectively block HBV entry and thus have potential as a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.

Download Full-text

SAT0140 SAFETY OF TOFACITINIB THERAPY IN HBSAG CARRIERS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1008.2-1008

Author(s):

L. Fang ◽

Z. Lin ◽

Z. Liao ◽

O. Jin ◽

Y. Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Viral Load ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Hbsag Carriers ◽

B Virus ◽

Group 2 ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Group 1

Background:Targeted synthetic DMARDs (ts-DMARDs) are becoming more available and affordable in developing countries, where the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still an important public health issue. The safety of ts-DMARDs therapy in terms of the reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection need more concern. Rare data from a prospective study focus on the use of ts-DMARDs in patients with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and HBV infection were available by now.Objectives:To evaluate the influence of tofacitinib on reactivation of HBV infection in HBsAg carriers with RA.Methods:In this 52 weeks observation, HBsAg carriers with active RA (DAS28>5.1) despite failed combined treatment with MTX and other non-biological DMARDs were enrolled. Patients must have normal liver function prior to study. All patients received therapy with tofacitinib (5mg twice daily) and concomitant MTX (10-12.5mg/w). Entecavir was prescribed preventively for patients who had a baseline HBV load >2000 copy/ml (group 1), and Lamivudin for patients with HBV load ≤ 2000 copy/ml (group 2). Liver enzymes (AST/ALT) and HBV viral load were monitored every 4 weeks. Increased viral load and abnormal liver function were managed according to expert opinion.Results:Thirteen patients (10 female) were recruited. Nine patients had a baseline viral load >2000 copy/ml (group 1, with preventive Entecavir), and the other 4 patients had a viral load ≤ 2000 copy/ml (group 2, with preventive Lamivudin). Two patients from group 1 discontinued tofacitinib at week 12 due to ineffectiveness, and both continued taking Entecavir for another 3 months after the discontinuation of tofacitinib.No reactivation of hepatitis B was observed in patients from group 1. One patients (female, 54 years old) from group 2 underwent a mild increase of both ALT and AST (67 and 56 IU/L, respectively) at week 16. An elevated viral load (4.9e6 copies/ml, baseline 1.4e3) and a HBV YMDD mutant was also found. The tofacitinib treatment continued. After prescription of Adefovir (combined with the pre-existing Lamivudin), both liver enzyme and viral load decreased to normal range in 8 weeks and remained normal throughout the study.Conclusion:An aggressive Tofacitinib + MTX therapy may be a safe option for HBsAg carriers with cs-DMARDs refractory RA. More active and effective prophylaxis strategy may be recommended to reduce the risk of HBV reactivation during the treatment.References:[1]Chen YM, Huang WN, Wu YD, et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving tofacitinib: a real-world study. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:780-2.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared

Download Full-text