Reliability of Informant Ratings and Spouse Similarity Based on the Temperament and Character Inventory

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Brändström ◽  
Thomas R. Przybeck ◽  
Sören Sigvardsson
Keyword(s):  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Average Correlation ◽  
Informant Ratings ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Character Inventory

A cohort of 136 Swedish spouse pairs rated themselves and each other with the Temperament and Character Inventory. The data allowed assessment of the reliability of ratings by knowledgeable informants compared to self-rating for this personality test. The reliability of the informant rating was in the expected range, with an average correlation of .58. Agreement was slightly higher for the Temperament dimensions than for the Character dimensions. Additionally, the design allowed evaluation of the similarity between husbands and wives across the seven dimensions measured by the TCI. Correlations between spouses in self-reports were very low for Temperament, with only Harm Avoidance having a statistically significant correlation (.22, p <.05). On the other hand, all three Character dimensions were significantly correlated. These results support the conceptualization of Temperament and Character as separate components of personality. The results are consistent with previous reports on the personality of spouse pairs.

Relations between Cloninger's Dimensions of Temperament and Steepness of Delay and Effort Discounting of Monetary Rewards

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Malesza ◽  
Paweł Ostaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Effort Discounting ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between Cloninger's personality dimensions of temperament (Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and Persistence) and the steepness of delay and effort discounting, which refers to a decrease in the subjective value of a reward as its delay, or effort required to obtain the reward, increases. Participants ( N = 112; ages 19 to 29 years, M = 21.80, SD = 1.35) filled out two inventories: the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Discounting Questionnaire. The study revealed that the higher the Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependency, the steeper the effort discounting. On the other hand, the higher one's Persistence, the shallower one's effort discounting. Finally, a positive correlation was observed between delay and effort discounting. The results indicated that effort discounting was related to, but not equivalent to, delay discounting.

Correlations between the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Self-Rating Depression Scale among Japanese Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Tanaka ◽  
Nobuhiko Kijima ◽  
Toshinori Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Character Inventory

The Temperament and Character Inventory measures four dimensions of temperament and three of character. The 125-item short version and the Self-rating Depression Scale were administered to 306 Japanese students. Their scores on the latter were significantly highly correlated with the scores on both temperament and character scales, positively correlated with Harm-Avoidance score, and negatively correlated with Self-directedness and Cooperativeness scores. It is suggested that scores on depression were related to Harm-Avoidance, particularly to fatigability, and immaturity of the autonomous self and cooperative interpersonal relationship.

Temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality profile in metamphetamine abusers: a controlled study

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hosák ◽  
Marek Preiss ◽  
Martin Halíř ◽  
Eva Čermáková ◽  
Ladislav Csémy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

AbstractWe applied the temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality questionnaire in 41 inpatients dependent on metamphetamine, and 35 controls. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance and self-transcendence were significantly higher, and persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness were significantly lower in the patients than in the healthy volunteers. The detected differences may be important for prevention and treatment.

Suicide and Personality: Focus on Old Age

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2018-2018
Author(s):  
D. Rujescu
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
State Anger ◽  
Character Inventory

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, mortality from suicide being approximately 2%. Attempted suicide appears to be a major risk factor for suicide completion. Anger, aggression and impulsivity are personality traits associated with suicide attempt. We analysed anger, impulsivity and temperament/character scales as predictors of aggression and self-aggression in suicide attempters and compared this to anger- and aggression-related traits between impulsive and premeditated suicide attempts as well as between violent and non-violent suicide methods.The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), the Questionnaire for Measuring Factors of Aggression (FAF), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were assessed.Higher aggression scores, as measured by FAF, were predicted by being male, meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder and having higher angry temperament scores as assessed by STAXI. TCI dimensions associated with self-aggression were high harm avoidance, high impulsivity and low selfdirectedness.State anger, inwardly directed anger and inhibition of aggression were also predictors of self-aggression.In conclusion, impulsivity and harm avoidance have emerged as temperament dimensions independently associated with self-aggressive tendencies in personality. Such interactions could explain the correlation between temperament and suicidality but further research is needed. Anger and selfdirectedness appear to have some effects on suicide attempt.

scholarly journals Temperament and Eating Attitudes in an Adolescent Community Sample: A Brief Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Enrica Marzola ◽  
Secondo Fassino ◽  
Federico Amianto ◽  
Giovanni Abbate-Daga
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
School Students ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. Temperament traits like high harm avoidance (HA) have been proposed as putative risk factors for the development of eating disorders (EDs). We aimed at studying the relationship between temperament and eating attitudes on a large community sample of adolescents. Method. We recruited 992 high school students aged 14–18. In addition to measuring body mass index (BMI), participants were asked to complete the temperament and character inventory and the food frequency questionnaire. Results. Sixty-two percent of the sample reported overeating, 22.8% reported normal eating, and 15.2% reported under eating. Under and normal eaters had higher BMI than that of over eaters. Harm avoidance was found to be significantly higher in those participants with lower eating intakes whilst novelty seeking was found to be higher in over eaters. Conclusion. An interesting association between temperament (high HA) and food approach (under eating) emerged. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate whether these traits represent a risk factor for the development of EDs.

No allelic association between harm avoidance and the debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase gene

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Author(s):  
Adriaan H Veefkind ◽  
Theo J M Ingenhoven ◽  
Izaäk W De Groot
Keyword(s):  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Allelic Association ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Personality Disordered ◽  
Very High ◽  
Temperament Dimension

Background:Several reports suggest that variance in personality traits is inherited, but little is known about the genes responsible. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between personality characteristics and the gene responsible for the activity of the enzyme debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (CYP2D6).Objective:To examine the proportion of poor metabolizers in a group of personality disordered patients.Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 23 patients with a high or very high score on the dimension ‘harm avoidance’ of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The samples were genotyped for the null alleles CYP2D6*3 and*4 by performing an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction.Results:The frequencies of genotypes in the sample were very similar to the frequencies found in a general white population.Conclusions:The investigation produced no support for the idea that the CYP2D6 gene is related to personality by means of variations in the temperament dimension of harm avoidance.

New evidence for a pain personality? A critical review of the last 120 years of pain and personality

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke Naylor ◽  
Simon Boag ◽  
Sylvia Maria Gustin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Fear Avoidance ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractBackgroundPersonality traits may influence development and adjustment to ongoing pain. Over the past 120 years, there has been considerable research into the relationship between pain and personality. This paper presents new evidence for common personality traits found amongst chronic pain sufferers. In particular, it evaluates evidence for Cloninger’s biopsychosocial model of personality in distinguishing typical personality features of chronic pain sufferers. It evaluates this evidence in the context of the past 120 years of research including psychodynamic formulations, MMPI studies, personality disorder investigations, and the influence of neuroticism on chronic pain.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, PsyclNFO, SCOPUS and Cochrane library. Search terms included chronic pain, pain, personality, neuroticism, harm avoidance, self-directedness, attachment, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R), MMPI, MMPI-2, NEO-PI, EPI, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Millon Behavioral Health Inventory, Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic, the Personality Assessment Inventory, the Locus of Control Construct and different combinations of these terms.ConclusionsRecent descriptive studies using Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) suggest that higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness may be the most distinguishing personality features of chronic pain sufferers. High harm avoidance refers to a tendency to be fearful, pessimistic, sensitive to criticism, and requiring high levels of re-assurance. Low self-directedness often manifests as difficulty with defining and setting meaningful goals, low motivation, and problems with adaptive coping. Evidence for this personality profile is found across a wide variety of chronic pain conditions including fibromyalgia, headache and migraine, temporomandibular disorder, trigeminal neuropathy, musculo-skeletal disorders and heterogeneous pain groups. Limitations are also discussed. For example, high harm avoidance is also found in those suffering anxiety and depression. While many studies control for such factors, some do not and thus future research should address such confounds carefully. The evidence is also evaluated within the context of past research into the existence of ‘a pain personality’. Psychodynamic formulations are found to be deficient in objective scientific methods. MMPI studies lack sufficient evidence to support ‘a pain personality’ and may be confounded by somatic items in the instrument. More recent neuroticism studies suggest a relationship between neuroticism and pain, particularly for adjustment to chronic pain. Personality disorders are more prevalent in chronic pain populations than non-pain samples.Clinical implicationsBecause harm avoidance reflects a tendency to developed conditioned fear responses, we suggest that higher harm avoidance may create more vulnerability to developing a fear-avoidance response to chronic pain. Furthermore, lower self-directedness may contribute to keeping a sufferer within this vicious cycle of fear, avoidance and suffering. Moreover, we suggest that harm avoidance and self-directedness are broader and more complex constructs than current clinical targets of CBT such as fear-avoidance and self-efficacy. Thus, assessing such personality traits may help to address the complexity of chronic pain presentations. For example, it may help to identify and treat sufferers more resistant to treatment, more prone to comorbidity and more vulnerable to entering the vicious cycle of chronic pain, suffering and disability.

scholarly journals Modeling Asymmetry in the Time–Distance Relation of Ordinal Personality Items

2021 ◽  
pp. 014662162199075
Author(s):  
Dylan Molenaar ◽  
Sandor Rózsa ◽  
Natasa Kõ
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Distance Relation

In analyzing responses and response times to personality questionnaire items, models have been proposed which include the so-called “inverted-U effect.” These models predict that response times to personality test items decrease as the latent trait value of a given person gets closer to the attractiveness of an item. Initial studies into these models have focused on dichotomous personality items, and more recently, models for Likert-type scale items have been proposed. In all these models, it is assumed that the inverted-U effect is symmetrical around 0, while, as will be explained in this article, there are substantive and statistical reasons to study this assumption. Therefore, in this article, a general inverted-U model is proposed which accommodates two sources of asymmetry between the response times and the attractiveness of the items. The viability of this model is demonstrated in a simulation study, and the model is applied to the responses and response times of the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised, covering a broad range of personality dimensions.

scholarly journals Personality, mental health and demographic correlates of hoarding behaviours in a midlife sample

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet K. Spittlehouse ◽  
Esther Vierck ◽  
John F. Pearson ◽  
Peter R. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Character Inventory

We describe the Temperament and Character Inventory personality traits, demographic features, physical and mental health variables associated with hoarding behaviour in a random community sample of midlife participants in New Zealand. A sample of 404 midlife participants was recruited to a study of ageing. To assess hoarding behaviours participants completed the Savings Inventory-Revised (SI-R), personality was assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory and self-reported health was measured by the Short Form-36v2 (SF-36v2). Other measures were used to assess socio-demographic variables and current mental disorders. Participants were split into four groups by SI-R total score (scores: 0–4, 5–30, 31–41 and >41). Those who scored >41 on the SI-R were classified as having pathological hoarding. Trend tests were calculated across the four hoarding groups for socio-demographic, personality, mental and physical health variables. SI-R scores ranged from 0 to 58. The prevalence of pathological hoarding was 2.5% and a further 4% reported sub-clinical symptoms of hoarding. Higher hoarding behaviour scores were related to higher Temperament and Character Inventory scores for Harm Avoidance and lower scores for Self-directedness. Persistence and Cooperativeness scores were lower too but to a lesser extent. Trend analysis revealed that those with higher hoarding behaviour scores were more likely to be single, female, unemployed, receive income support, have a lower socio-economic status, lower household income and have poorer self-reported mental health scores. Current depression rates were considerably higher in the pathological hoarding group. Increasing SI-R hoarding behaviour scores were associated with higher scores of negative affect (Harm Avoidance) and lower scores of autonomy (Self-directedness). Those with pathological hoarding or sub-clinical symptoms of hoarding also reported widespread mental and socio-economic problems. In this study it is clear to see the physical, mental and socio-economic problems experienced by those achieving the highest hoarding scores. The prevalence of pathological hoarding was 2.5%, similar to the prevalence reported by other studies. The personality traits associated with hoarding behaviours are discussed.

Belgian Normative Data of the Temperament and Character Inventory* * The original data upon which this paper is based are available at www.hhpub.com/journals/ejpa

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Hansenne ◽  
Olivier Le Bon ◽  
Anne Gauthier ◽  
Marc Ansseau
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Original Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Self Transcendence

Summary: The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a 226-item self-questionnaire developed to assess the seven dimensions of personality described by Cloninger and his colleagues. Normative data from 322 representative French-speaking subjects from Belgium are presented and the psychometric properties are discussed. Mean scores of temperament dimensions were appreciably different from those published by Cloninger . In our sample, novelty seeking and self-transcendence scores were lower and harm avoidance scores were higher compared to US norms. The other dimensions were almost identical. The factorial analysis showed that the hypothesized factor structure of temperament and character dimensions was almost confirmed. The present study also confirmed that the TCI scales were weakly related among themselves. The relationships were consistent with those reported by previous reports. Gender differences were also found for different dimensions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document