scholarly journals Personality Characteristics in the Mid-Forties Predict Women's Smoking Cessation in Their Mid-Sixties

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Brook ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
E. B. Balka ◽  
N. Seltzer ◽  
D. W. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Low Self Control

This study examined whether personality characteristics measured when a woman is in her mid-40s can predict success in sustained smoking cessation 22 years later, when the woman is in her mid-60s. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on data from a sample of 195 women ( M ages 43 and 65, respectively), who were regular smokers and participated in a longitudinal study from 1983 to 2009. The results suggest that women who exhibited low self-control, high resistance to rules, impulsivity, and sensation seeking in their mid-40s were significantly less likely to succeed in quitting smoking for a period of 5 years or more by the time they reached their mid-60s. Addressing some personal characteristics in smoking cessation programs might enhance their effectiveness and success.

scholarly journals Personality characteristics of patients with fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. V Gurova ◽  
T. Yu Udalova ◽  
A. V Mordyk ◽  
Natalia V. Bagisheva ◽  
S. A Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Self Control

There is represented to be relevant to clarify what personal characteristics contribute to the formation of fibro-cavernous tuberculosis, to prevent its formation in the course of treatment. The aim is to identify the personal features ofpatients with fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis to develop psychological support in the subsequent treatment of newly diagnosed patients, preventing the formation of chronic specific process. Material and methods. 96 patients participated in a study: 48 cases with fibro-cavernous tuberculosis and 48 healthy volunteers. To study the personality characteristics there was used «Combined Personality Inventory (CPI)» based on the Raymond Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors (adaptation by G.A. Leevik). Results. In comparison with the control group patients with fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis had higher averages in scales A (reserved demeanor - openness), F (poverty - wealth of emotional reactions), Н (reservedness - activity in communication), L (credulity - suspicion), M (practical - dreamy style of thinking), N (easy - the sophistication of behavior), O (confidence - lack of confidence), Q1 (conservatism - the desire for new), Q2 (conformity - non-conforming), Q4 (relaxed - alertness), P (plasticity - rigidity) and Tr (anxiety). They have reduced the level of logical intelligence, they are both less balanced and easier to subjugate, not disciplined, have low self-control, low level of claims, a less favorable climate in the family, coupled with introversion. Conclusion. Thus, patients with fibro-cavernous tuberculosis are distinguished by reservedness in communications, reserved demeanor, suspicion, alertness, anxiety, lack of discipline, poor self-control. Creation of a special social and psychological support services for this group ofpatients can elevate the efficiency of the complex treatment and improve prognosis.

Low Self-Control of Emotions as an Antecedent of Self-Reported Physical Symptoms: A Longitudinal Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Kokkonen ◽  
Lea Pulkkinen ◽  
Taru Kinnunen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Low Self Control

The study was part of the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, underway since 1968, in which children's low self-control of emotions was studied using teacher ratings at age 8 in terms of inattentiveness, shifting moods, aggression, and anxiety. The study was based on data from 112 women and 112 men who participated in the previous data collections at ages 8, 27, and 36. At age 27, the participants had been assessed in Neuroticism (N) using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire , and at age 36 they filled in several inventories measuring, among others, conscious and active attempts to repair negative emotions in a more positive direction as well as physical symptoms. The present study used structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that personality characteristics indicating low self-control of emotions at ages 8 and 27 are antecedents of self-reported physical symptoms at age 36; and that this relationship is indirect, mediated by attempts to repair negative emotions in a more positive direction. The findings showed, albeit for men only, that inattentiveness at age 8 was positively related to self-reported physical symptoms at age 36 via high N at age 27 and low attempts to repair negative emotions at age 36. Additionally, N at age 27 was directly linked to self-reported physical symptoms at age 36. The mediation of an active attempt to repair negative emotions was not found for women. Correlations revealed, however, that shifting moods and aggression in girls were antecedents of self-reported physical symptoms in adulthood, particularly, pain and fatigue.

Predictors of thermal increase in magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound treatment for essential tremor: histogram analysis of skull density ratio values for 1024 elements

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ken Iijima ◽  
Hajime Yokota ◽  
Toshio Yamaguchi ◽  
Masayuki Nakano ◽  
Takahiro Ouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve

OBJECTIVE Sufficient thermal increase capable of generating thermocoagulation is indispensable for an effective clinical outcome in patients undergoing magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS). The skull density ratio (SDR) is one of the most dominant predictors of thermal increase prior to treatment. However, users currently rely only on the average SDR value (SDRmean) as a screening criterion, although some patients with low SDRmean values can achieve sufficient thermal increase. The present study aimed to examine the numerical distribution of SDR values across 1024 elements to identify more precise predictors of thermal increase during MRgFUS. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed the correlations between the skull parameters and the maximum temperature achieved during unilateral ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy with MRgFUS in a cohort of 55 patients. In addition, the numerical distribution of SDR values was quantified across 1024 elements by using the skewness, kurtosis, entropy, and uniformity of the SDR histogram. Next, the authors evaluated the correlation between the aforementioned indices and a peak temperature > 55°C by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to compare the predictive ability of the indices. The diagnostic performance of significant factors was also assessed. RESULTS The SDR skewness (SDRskewness) was identified as a significant predictor of thermal increase in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (p < 0.001, p = 0.013). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the SDRskewness exhibited a better predictive ability than the SDRmean, with area under the curve values of 0.847 and 0.784, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SDRskewness is a more accurate predictor of thermal increase than the conventional SDRmean. The authors suggest setting the SDRskewness cutoff value to 0.68. SDRskewness may allow for the inclusion of treatable patients with essential tremor who would have been screened out based on the SDRmean exclusion criterion.

Malevolent Forces

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Paul Wright ◽  
Mark Alden Morgan ◽  
Pedro R. Almeida ◽  
Nora F. Almosaed ◽  
Sameera S. Moghrabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Potent Predictor ◽  
Violent Delinquency ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Dark Core

The Dark Triad is represented by three interrelated personality characteristics thought to share a “dark core”—that is, to be associated with a range of negative outcomes. We investigate this link alongside another potent predictor of crime, low self-control. Our analyses found the Dark Triad was strongly predictive of delinquency, especially violent delinquency, where it accounted for the effects of self-control. Yet it exerted no significant effect on drug-based delinquency. However, an interaction between the Dark Triad and low self-control remained substantive and predictive across all models, where low self-control amplified the effects of the Dark Triad on delinquency.

Child personality characteristics and selection into long-term unemployment in Finnish and Swedish longitudinal samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Kokko ◽  
Lars R. Bergman ◽  
Lea Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Duration Of Unemployment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Self Control

The main aim of the present study was to test a model of selection into long-term unemployment obtained for a sample of 36-year-old Finns (Kokko, Pulkkinen, & Puustinen, 2000) to see whether it similarly explained long-term unemployment among 26- to 27-year-old Finns and Swedes. The participants were drawn from two ongoing longitudinal studies: the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (conducted in Finland) and the Individual Development and Adaptation study (conducted in Sweden). At both ages, that is 36 and 26–27, low education was related to long-term unemployment, and explained by personality characteristics in middle childhood, such as low self-control of emotions or conduct problems, and behavioural inhibition or timidity. However, while low self-control of emotions additionally explained long-term unemployment among the 36-year-olds directly, in both the young samples personality characteristics showed only indirect effects through poor educational attainment. At age 26–27, childhood personality characteristics explained selection onto an educational track rather than selection into long-term unemployment, and length of education explained duration of unemployment.

Middle Cerebral Artery-to-Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index Ratio Independently Predicts Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies at Term

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufen Zhou ◽  
Hongyan Guo ◽  
Heng Liu ◽  
Mingqun Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: This study aimed to investigate potential predictors, including cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), middle cerebral artery (MCA)/uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) ratio, for adverse perinatal outcome in pregnancies at term.Methods: This was an observational, prospective study of recruited pregnancies at term. An adverse perinatal outcome was set as the primary observational endpoint. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to investigate the predictive and cut-off values of risk factors for adverse perinatal outcome. Independent risk factors (maternal, neonatal, prenatal ultrasound and Doppler variables) for adverse perinatal outcome were evaluated by the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results: A total of 392 pregnancies at term were included and 19.4% of them had suffered adverse perinatal outcome. CPR (OR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.20-0.93, P=0.032) and MCA/uterine artery PI ratio (OR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.16-0.42, P=0.032) were two independent risk factors for adverse perinatal outcome by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Conclusions: MCA/uterine artery PI ratio is a good predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in pregnancies at term.

scholarly journals Beliefs about the Harmfulness of Heated Tobacco Products Compared with Combustible Cigarettes and Their Effectiveness for Smoking Cessation among Korean Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5591
Author(s):  
Seung Hee Kim ◽  
Seo Young Kang ◽  
Hong-Jun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Negative Perceptions

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have been widely used in Korea since their introduction in 2017. In this study, we investigated the perceptions of their relative harmfulness and smoking cessation effects. We performed an online survey in 7000 Koreans in 2018 (2300 males and 4700 females aged 20–69 years) by matching their age, sex, and provincial distribution. To investigate the factors causing HTPs to be perceived as less harmful than combustible cigarettes (CCs) and helpful for smoking cessation, we used multivariable logistic regression analyses. HTPs were less harmful than CCs in 16.8% of participants, particularly among HTP-only users and dual and triple users of HTPs, electronic cigarettes (ECs), or CCs than among CC-only users, those who were aged ≤ 34 years, males, and those with higher incomes. HTPs were reportedly helpful for smoking cessation in 11.2% of participants. Similar perceptions were more likely among HTP-only users, as well as dual and triple users than among CC-only users and adults with higher education/incomes. Although Korean adults generally had negative perceptions of the harmfulness and smoking cessation effects of HTPs compared with CCs, dual and triple users were more likely to have positive perceptions. Monitoring the use of multiple tobacco products and HTPs is a new challenge for Korean policymakers.

scholarly journals Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values alone and combined with Prognostic Index predict septic AKI, DIC, and shock: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Shimoyama ◽  
Osamu Umegaki ◽  
Noriko Kadono ◽  
Toshiaki Minami
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Prognostic Scores ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Neutrophil Gelatinase

Abstract Objective Sepsis is a syndrome involving life-threatening organ dysfunction. The present study aimed to determine whether septic AKI, ARDS, DIC, and shock can be predicted more readily by combining uNGAL values and inflammation-based prognostic scores, over the use of uNGAL values alone. Results ROC curve analyses yielded the following cut-off values: AKI: 438.5 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 1 (AUC, 0.8), 476.9 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 2 (AUC, 0.86), 123.8 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 3 (AUC, 0.81), 133.6 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 4 (AUC, 0.78), 1.0 for iNS NGAL-NLR (AUC, 0.75), 2.0 for iNS NGAL-PI (AUC, 0.77), DIC; 648.5 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 1 (AUC, 0.77); shock; 123.8 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 3 (AUC, 0.71) and 9 for SOFA (AUC, 0.71). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed iNS NGAL-PI to be a significant independent predictor of AKI (OR, 20.62; 95% CI, 1.03–412.3; p = 0.048).

Genetic polymorphisms associated with clostridium difficile infection in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8522-8522
Author(s):  
Issam Hamadeh ◽  
Zainab Shahid ◽  
Manisha Bhutani ◽  
Jai Narendra Patel ◽  
Nury Steuerwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Buccal Swabs

8522 Background: CDI is the primary cause of infectious diarrhea in immunocompromised patients including those undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (SCT). Given the key role of gut microbiome and its interaction with host immune system, we investigated whether polymorphisms in innate immunity genes (identified through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) were associated with CDI. Methods: We queried our database to identify MM patients who underwent an autologous SCT between April 2015-June 2019. Patients who had their buccal swabs collected through an IRB approved specimen collection protocol were included herein. Data were collected on age, conditioning regimen, CDI diagnosis, time from admission until CDI diagnosis, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at time of CDI diagnosis, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal swabs and genotyped for 62 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ASPH , RLBP1L1, ATP7B, IL-8, FAK, TNFRSF14, CTH, TLR and IL-4. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess association between CDI and presence of SNPs in these genes. Results: A total of 83 patients were identified (25 cases and 58 controls). Baseline characteristics were comparable between two groups. Median age was 67 years (range: 50-79). All patients received high dose melphalan as conditioning, and the same antibiotic prophylaxis during peri-transplant period. Median time from hospitalization until CDI diagnosis was 10 days (IQR:9 days), and median ANC was 0.7/mL (IQR:1.6/mL). Two SNPs (rs2227307 T > G in IL-8 and rs2234167 G > A in TNFRSF14) were significantly associated with CDI risk in both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (Table). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that rs227307G (in IL-8) and rs2234167A (in TNFRSF14) alleles are potential risk factors for CDI after autologous SCT. Our findings, if validated in a larger cohort, would support genetic testing as a screening tool to identify patients who might benefit from prophylaxis against CDI. [Table: see text]

Musculoskeletal Problems in Relation to Farming, Gender and Smoking

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (30) ◽  
pp. 5-588-5-590
Author(s):  
M G Björkstén ◽  
A. Rask-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
Group Belonging

The aim of the present study was to investigate if smoking habits covariated with musculoskeletal problems among a group of male and female farmers and a control group from the general population. A questionnaire was sent to all farms and to a group of controls from the general population in the county of Uppsala. It comprised questions about smoking habits and musculoskeletal problems. Crosstabulations and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. In the analyses we included smoking habits, age, gender and group belonging, e g farmers or controls. Age did not give a higher risk for musculoskeletal problems in any of the groups. The results showed that problems were related both to gender and group combined or not combined with smoking habits.

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