Effect of Reward on the Attributed Meaning of Nonsense Forms

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. McNamara ◽  
R. I. Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
University Student ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dollar Bill ◽  
Student Union ◽  
Integrative Function ◽  
The University ◽  
Conceptual Meaning

Three nonsense forms were differentially rewarded by having Ss spend them as money at the University Student Union. There were two control groups, one having comparable experience with the forms but not rewarded, the other having minimal experience. When the meaning of these forms, as measured by the semantic differential, was compared with the meaning of actual money (a dollar bill), the meanings were found to be consistent, that is, the nonsense forms used as money took on the same meaning as money. A secondary inference was that conceptual meaning processes serve an integrative function in perception.

Honesty Requiring a Self-Initiated Response

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Hays
Keyword(s):  
University Of California ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Dollar Bill ◽  
Student Union ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

33 patrons of the University of California, Riverside student union were given $1.05 in change for a dollar bill (three quarters, two dimes, and two nickels). Honesty was assessed by the criterion of self-initiating the return of the extra nickel, and behavior was examined as a function of sex, age, and manner of dress. Results indicate that the over-all honesty of patrons was low (45%), but no significant findings for the relationship between the subject variables and honesty were shown. The 45% rate of honesty indicates that subjects who believe there will not be any external knowledge of their dishonesty are likely to exhibit dishonest behavior.

scholarly journals The Effect of Facebook Addiction on the Identity Crisis of the University Student

SIASAT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Senouci Boumediene ◽  
Djellouli Zineb ◽  
M. Yoserizal Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
University Student ◽  
The Other ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Facebook Addiction ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to reveal the impact of Facebook addiction on the identity crisis of the university student, and to know the relationship between internet addiction and identity crisis in its various dimensions (concept of self, self-esteem, direction towards the other, school and professional tendencies) of the university student. The study sample consists of (91) university students, and to achieve the objectives of the study two research tools have been used: the first is internet addiction scale developed by 'Ahmed' (2007), and the second is the identity crisis scale developed by the following researchers: 'Shand, Mohammed Samira and Shaheen, Iman Fawzi and Private, Hadi Hassan Raafat' (2015). To reveal the identity crisis and after collecting and processing information statistically using  the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and R program, the researchers reached the following conclusions: The coefficient of correlation between the concept of self and Facebook addiction is statistically significant. The coefficient of self-esteem and internet addiction is statistically non-significant. The correlation coefficient between the other direction and internet addiction is statistically non- significant. The correlation coefficient between school and occupational tendencies and Internet addiction is statistically significant. Internet addiction affects the concept of self. Internet addiction does not affect self-esteem. Internet addiction does not affect the trend towards the other. Internet addiction does not affect school and professional tendencies.

Media and Affect: A Comparison of Videotape, Audiotape, and Print

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Stroud Machula
Keyword(s):  
Affective Response ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
University Of Illinois ◽  
Video Group ◽  
The University

Students at the University of Illinois and the University of Michigan participated in an experiment to determine if different affective responses would result from exposure to three different forms of media, each presenting the same content. One group of students viewed a videotape, another listened to an audiotape, and a third read a printed transcript. A semantic differential was used to measure affective response, and an objective test was administered to measure cognitive learning. Results showed the video group to be perceiving the presentation less favorably than were the other two groups; however, they were perceiving two of the participants more favorably than were the others. An analysis of covariance between pre- and posttest scores of cognitive learning showed that subjects receiving the audiotape version had learned significantly less than those receiving the other treatments.

scholarly journals I Really Wasn’t Ready: Expectations and Dilemmas of a University Student in an Access Access Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl James
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
University Student ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
The University ◽  
Access Program

Using a life story approach, I discuss the experiences and actions of Ewart, one of eighteen university recruits into an access program, to understand the ways in which the university, and the access program specifically, was accommodative of his needs, interests, expectations and aspirations. Critical Race Theory provided the framework to understand how educational institutions’ liberal notions of merit, equality of opportunity and democracy, on one hand, made access to university possible for Ewart, and on the other, circumscribed his opportunities, possibilities and interests even as he tried to maintain his hopeful optimism.

Tourists’ and Residents’ Impressions of A Heritage Tourism Site: The Case of Kampong Taman Sari, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Ernawati ◽  
Gary T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The interface between tourism and built heritage is complicated because much built heritage is located in the middle of living communities. Questions arise about how to achieve a balance between the expectations of tourists and the community. To study this question, this paper reports on tourists’ and residents’ impressions of an international heritage tourism site, the Kampong Taman Sari in Indonesia. Using a linear-numeric semantic differential as the measuring instrument and nine consensus photographs of the site as stimuli, the study investigated similarities and differences in impressions between three groups: tourists (international and domestic) and residents. Three principal dimensions were found to underlie impressions of the site: Attractiveness, Organisation, and Novelty. Significant differences were found among all three groups in their impressions of Attractiveness. In terms of impressions of the Organisation of the site, international and domestic tourists have similar impressions but these differ significantly from the impressions of residents. On the other hand, domestic tourists and residents have similar impressions of the Novelty of the site, which is evaluated differently by international tourists.

Industrial Technology Graduates’ Acquired Skills and Competencies from the University

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Amado C Gequinto ◽  
Do Mads
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
The University ◽  
Descriptive Method

Skills and competencies are highly regarded in todays global market. Different agencies specifically those seeking for  technologists, technicians, and engineers, have stressed out that skills and competencies as major components  for individual workers.  This aimed to determine  the relevance and appropriateness of acquired skills and competencies by industrial technology graduates, and determine the extent of use of skills and competencies in the current employment. Review of related literatures and studies have been considered in the realization, understanding, analysis, and interpretation of this research exploration. A descriptive method of research was used with 78 graduates from 2015-2016 and 117 graduates from 2016-2017, who participated in the study survey process. The BatStateU Standardized Questionnaire was used to gather data. A brief interview and talk during the visit of alumni in the university was also considered, as well as the other means of social media like email, facebook, messenger, and text messaging.   Results show that skills and competecnices acquired by industrial technology graduates are all relevant and appropriate.  The study also found that there is some to great extent use of acquired skills and competencies to their current employment. The study implies that the acquired skills and competencies from the university significantly provided the graduates the opportunities ins the national and global markets and industries.

scholarly journals Using historical data to facilitate clinical prevention trials in Alzheimer disease? An analysis of longitudinal MCI (mild cognitive impairment) data sets

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Berres ◽  
Andreas U. Monsch ◽  
René Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Drug Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Clinical Prevention

Abstract Background The Placebo Group Simulation Approach (PGSA) aims at partially replacing randomized placebo-controlled trials (RPCTs), making use of data from historical control groups in order to decrease the needed number of study participants exposed to lengthy placebo treatment. PGSA algorithms to create virtual control groups were originally derived from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) data of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. To produce more generalizable algorithms, we aimed to compile five different MCI databases in a heuristic manner to create a “standard control algorithm” for use in future clinical trials. Methods We compared data from two North American cohort studies (n=395 and 4328, respectively), one company-sponsored international clinical drug trial (n=831) and two convenience patient samples, one from Germany (n=726), and one from Switzerland (n=1558). Results Despite differences between the five MCI samples regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria, their baseline demographic and cognitive performance data varied less than expected. However, the five samples differed markedly with regard to their subsequent cognitive performance and clinical development: (1) MCI patients from the drug trial did not deteriorate on verbal fluency over 3 years, whereas patients in the other samples did; (2) relatively few patients from the drug trial progressed from MCI to dementia (about 10% after 4 years), in contrast to the other four samples with progression rates over 30%. Conclusion Conventional MCI criteria were insufficient to allow for the creation of well-defined and internationally comparable samples of MCI patients. More recently published criteria for MCI or “MCI due to AD” are unlikely to remedy this situation. The Alzheimer scientific community needs to agree on a standard set of neuropsychological tests including appropriate selection criteria to make MCI a scientifically more useful concept. Patient data from different sources would then be comparable, and the scientific merits of algorithm-based study designs such as the PGSA could be properly assessed.

scholarly journals Mobilizing foreign language students for multilingual crisis translation in Shanghai

Multilingua ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongyan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Local Community ◽  
University Student ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
The University

AbstractThis paper examines the multilingual translation efforts of a group of university student volunteers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of the volunteer team leader, team members, and a local community health worker. Findings identified time constraints, limited language proficiency, and limited technical knowledge as the major challenges confronting the university volunteers. In order to overcome the challenges, they worked in close collaboration and used translingual and network strategies to facilitate prompt and high-quality crisis translation. Findings suggest that foreign language university students in local universities may serve as readily available multilingual resources and can be mobilized in prompt response to the grassroots multilingual needs of the local community in times of crisis. The paper ends with implications for measures and strategies to enhance effective emergency language service and crisis communication for global multilingual cities.

Jordanian graduate students’ complaints on Facebook: Semantic formulas and politeness

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-165
Author(s):  
Fathi Migdadi ◽  
Muhammad A. Badarneh ◽  
Laila Khwaylih
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Student Union ◽  
Closed Group ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Face Saving

Abstract This study examines Jordanian graduate students' complaints posted on a Facebook closed group and directed to the representatives of Student Union at Jordan University of Science and Technology to be transferred to the officials concerned. In line with Boxer (1993b), the study considers the students' complaints to be indirect speech acts, as the addressee(s) are not the source of the offense. Using a sample of 60 institutional complaining posts, the researchers have analysed the complaints in terms of their semantic formulas, politeness functions and correlations with the gender of the complainers. The students’ complaints are classified into six semantic formulas of which the act statement element is indispensable as the complaint is stated in it. The other five formulas, ordered according to their frequency, are opener, remedy, appreciative closing, justification and others. Despite the negative affect typically involved in the complaining act, the semantic formulas identified in this study are found to signal politeness and fit into Brown and Levinson’s (1987) pool of face-saving strategies rather than face-threatening acts. Specifically, when the graduate students direct their Facebook complaints to the students' representatives, they tend to offer camaraderie with them to be encouraged to pursue the problems specified in the complainers’ posts.

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