Individual Differences in Maximal Speed of Muscular Contraction and Reaction Time

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
College Men ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Maximal Speed ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

50 college men participated in an investigation of the relationship between standing RT and the maximal vertical velocity which the body can generate while in contact with the ground. The results support recent studies which reflect the high degree of specificity of individual differences in motor abilities. The nonsignificant correlation of −0.31 indicates that vertical body speed cannot be predicted from a knowledge of standing RT.

Faster Reaction Time through Increasing Intent to Respond

1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim D. Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
College Men ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Simple Rt ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Motor Acts ◽  
Very High

The RT of 50 college men was measured under normal (N) and artificial (E) limb mass conditions. It was hypothesized that RT in condition E would be significantly faster than in N because the heavier mass would encourage a stronger conscious and willful intent, during the response foreperiod, to trigger the simple learned RT response stored in the memory motor drum. The results ( t = 4.202, p < .05) substantiated this hypothesis. Even though the relationship of RTs in N and E conditions was moderately large ( r = .56), the specificity was very high, 69%; thus the possibility that two separate neuromotor programs are involved cannot be excluded. It is concluded that in a simple RT experiment the creation of a situation during the response foreperiod which increases S's conscious and willful intent to respond, will result in a faster RT. Also, the results support the known specificity of individual differences in performance of simple discrete motor acts.

Individual Differences in Arm Strength, Speed, Reaction Time, and Three Serial Reaction Time-Movement Time “Programs”

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
College Men ◽  
Serial Reaction Time ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Arm Strength ◽  
Time Movement

The motor performance of 32 college men was measured on the following tests: arm strength, arm reaction and movement times, arm-and-leg serial reaction and movement times. Specificity of variance of individual differences was found for single, simple, and discrete limb movements and for three programmed series of large RT-MT movements which involved 240 responses.

scholarly journals ON INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN HUMAN BLOOD

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Landsteiner ◽  
Philip Levine
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Biochemical Differentiation

A clear-cut differentiation of human blood, aside from the blood groups, could be made by means of special agglutinating immune sera. The observations point to the existence of several agglutinable factors for which no agglutinins are demonstrable in normal human sera. In view of the latter circumstance the results reported do not imply any change in the scheme of the four blood groups. The body of serological evidence leads to the inference of a high degree of biochemical differentiation among individuals.

Biometry of tongue and its association with various body measurements in prediction of fetal age in Surti goat fetus (Capra hircus)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan M. Chudasama ◽  
Nirav H. Joshi ◽  
Mahendra C. Desai ◽  
Jay Prakash Gupta ◽  
Prakash M. Ghule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was carried out on tongue measurements in Surti goat fetus to establish the relationship among various biometric measurements of the tongue and body in relation to prediction of fetal age. Total 39 apparently normal Surti goat fetuses were procured and categorized into three groups based on Crown-rump length. The body measurements like Crown-rump length, Curved Crown-rump length, height at withers and height at pin of fetuses were taken. The biometrical measurements of the tongue were recorded identically weight, length, width, thickness and circumference. Tongue biometry and body measurement’s association determined by simple linear correlation. Attempts were made for development of prediction equation for prediction of fetal age with tongue and body measurements. All the biometric measurements of tongue increase significantly (p£0.05) with advancement of age. Association among biometric measurements of the tongue and body expressed high degree of positive correlation. Predictability of regression equations is very high for prediction of fetal age. All biometric and body measurement’s correlations are highly significant (p£0.01).

A Biomechanical Analysis of the Last Stride, Touchdown, and Takeoff Characteristics of the Men's Long Jump

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Lees ◽  
Philip Graham-Smith ◽  
Neil Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Compression Phase ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Cine Film ◽  
Base Of Support

This study was concerned with the measurement of performance variables from competitors in the men's long jump final of the World Student Games held in Sheffield, England, in July 1991. Several performances of 10 finalists were recorded on cine film at 100 Hz. Resulting sagittal plane kinematic data were obtained for the last stride, touchdown, and takeoff for a total of 27 jumps. It was confirmed that takeoff velocity was a function of touchdown velocity, and that there was an increase in vertical velocity at the expense of a reduction of horizontal velocity. It was concluded that there was evidence for mechanisms which may be termed mechanical, biomechanical, and muscular. The former relates to the generation of vertical velocity by the body pivoting over the base of support during the compression phase, and a lifting of the arms and free leg during the lift phase; the second is the elastic reutilization of energy; and the third is the contribution by concentric muscular contraction.

Motor Ability and Inhibitory Processes in Children With ADHD: A Neuroelectric Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao-Ling Hung ◽  
Yu-Kai Chang ◽  
Yuan-Shuo Chan ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Inhibitory Processes ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between motor ability and response inhibition using behavioral and electrophysiological indices in children with ADHD. A total of 32 participants were recruited and underwent a motor ability assessment by administering the Basic Motor Ability Test-Revised (BMAT) as well as the Go/No-Go task and event-related potential (ERP) measurements at the same time. The results indicated that the BMAT scores were positively associated with the behavioral and ERP measures. Specifically, the BMAT average score was associated with a faster reaction time and higher accuracy, whereas higher BMAT subset scores predicted a shorter P3 latency in the Go condition. Although the association between the BMAT average score and the No-Go accuracy was limited, higher BMAT average and subset scores predicted a shorter N2 and P3 latency and a larger P3 amplitude in the No-Go condition. These findings suggest that motor abilities may play roles that benefit the cognitive performance of ADHD children.

Increased Strength, Reaction Time and Speed of LIMB Movement

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-781E ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Control Limb ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Strength Increment

81 young male adults participated in a 6-wk. × 7 days a week myotatic and isometric strength training program. Associated with strength increments myotatic practice proved to be superior to the isometric program relative to improvement of movement time (MT) in the experimental leg and contralateral transfer to the control limb. As a result of isometric exercises reaction time (RT) was decreased and was transferred more effectively than in the myotatic group although there was a loss of speed of movement in both limbs following isometric training. Correlations between RT and MT with pretraining strength and strength increment scores showed a high degree of specificity of relationship of individual differences.

Mental Ability, Reaction Time, Perceptual Motor and Motor Abilities in Handicapped Children

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30E ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Groden
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Simple Motor ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Complex Motor Skills ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Outpatient Children

54 outpatient children of a mental retardation facility were administered tests of reaction time and simple and complex motor skills. The relationship between reaction time and mental age was eliminated when the complex, but not the simple, motor skills were held constant.

Individual Differences in Risk-Taking Tendency and Framing Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Huangfu
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Frame Condition ◽  
The Relationship

I investigated the relationship between framing effect and individuals' level of tendency to take risks. The results showed that the strength of the tendency of individuals to take risks influences the occurrence of framing effect. Frame had relatively less impact on those participants whose tendency to take risks was stronger than that of other people and people in this group tended to pursue risks in both positive and negative frame conditions. Frame had a stronger impact on those participants with a weaker risk-taking tendency, and they tended to avoid risks under positive framing conditions but pursued risks under negative framing. These results explain the preference shift phenomenon, whereby a tendency to take risks under a positive framing condition becomes stronger under a negative framing condition (unidirectional framing effect), that has been found in previous studies. The results also confirmed that framing influenced participants' reaction time, which was shorter in the positive frame condition than in the negative frame condition.

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