Generalization of Results beyond the Experimental Setting: Statistical versus Logical Considerations

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Random Variables ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Experimental Context ◽  
Entire Complex

The conventional distinction between fixed and random variables in analysis of variance is discussed. It is suggested that certain “incidental” conditions prevailing when experimentation occurs, e.g., time(s) and place(s) of experimentation, can be classified as unbalanced independent variables. Given this classification of these incidental conditions, generalization of experimental results beyond situations exactly duplicating that set of conditions attendant to the experiment, requires either statistical or logical provision. As statistical provision for the entire complex of incidental conditions prevailing during an experiment would be infeasible, logical considerations must be employed in generalization of results beyond the experimental context. It is suggested that to consider incidental conditions of the experimental situation as being unbalanced independent variables should lead to vigilance with regard to those incidental conditions possibly contributing to the obtained experimental outcome. Inasmuch as generalization of obtained results beyond the experimental setting is contingent upon logical considerations, it is suggested that the validity of such logical provision should always be verified by E.

MAGNETOREOLOGICAL JOURNAL BEARING: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
A.S. FETISOV ◽  
V.O. TYURIN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Information Measuring ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Information Measuring System

The article presents the classification of magnetorheological devices. The classification of bearings of rotor machines is given. An experimental stand is described that includes a magnetorheological journal bearing. The information–measuring system of the experimental stand is presented. The results of experimental study is presented.

scholarly journals Prediksi Not Operational Transaction Menggunakan Logistic Regression pada Bank XYZ di Kota Kupang

AITI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Radius Tanone ◽  
Arnold B Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Know How ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Python Programming

Bank XYZ is one of the banks in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province which has several ATM machines and is placed in several merchant locations. The existing ATM machine is one of the goals of customers and non-customers in conducting transactions at the ATM machine. The placement of the ATM machines sometimes makes the machine not used optimally by the customer to transact, causing the disposal of machine resources and a condition called Not Operational Transaction (NOP). With the data consisting of several independent variables with numeric types, it is necessary to know how the classification of the dependent variable is NOP. Machine learning approach with Logistic Regression method is the solution in doing this classification. Some research steps are carried out by collecting data, analyzing using machine learning using python programming and writing reports. The results obtained with this machine learning approach is the resulting prediction value of 0.507 for its classification. This means that in the future XYZ Bank can classify NOP conditions based on the behavior of customers or non-customers in making transactions using Bank XYZ ATM machines.  

scholarly journals An Empirical Comparison of Portuguese and Multilingual BERT Models for Auto-Classification of NCM Codes in International Trade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Anita M. R. Fernandes ◽  
James Roberto Bombasar ◽  
Bruno Alves da Silva ◽  
Paul Crocker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Correct Category ◽  
Fiscal Implications ◽  
Real Challenge

The classification of goods involved in international trade in Brazil is based on the Mercosur Common Nomenclature (NCM). The classification of these goods represents a real challenge due to the complexity involved in assigning the correct category codes especially considering the legal and fiscal implications of misclassification. This work focuses on the training of a classifier based on Bidirectional En-coder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for the tax classification of goods with NCM codes. In particular, this article presents results from using a specific Portuguese Language tuned BERT model as well results from using a Multilingual BERT. Experimental results justify the use of these models in the classification process and also that the language specific model has a slightly better performance.

Application of the LDA Model to Semantic Annotation of Web-based English Educational Resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Du ◽  
Haiyan Zhu ◽  
Teeraporn Saeheaw
Keyword(s):  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Semantic Annotation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Metadata Standard ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
Macroscopic Classification

Based on the LDA model, this paper builds a three-layer semantic model of Web English educational resources “document-topic-keyword”, models the semantic topics of resource documents, and obtains the semantic topics and keywords of document resources as the semantic labels of resources. The experimental results show that document LDA topic modeling is beneficial to the macroscopic classification of Web English educational resources. The experimental results show that LDA topic modeling of documents is useful for macroscopic cataloging of Web English educational resources, highlighting teaching priorities, difficulties, and interrelationships, while LDA modeling of teaching topics with the same teaching content expands the metadata generation method of resource description based on the basic education metadata standard and provides more information about the inherent characteristics of resources. The semantic information can be used to mine the semantic thematic features and detailed differences inherent in the resources, and the final performance analysis verifies the parallel computing advantages of the LDA model in a big data environment.

Efficient text feature extraction by integrating the average linkage and K-medoids clustering

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150151
Author(s):  
Dasong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Text Classification ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Average Linkage ◽  
Text Feature

By clustering feature words, we can not only simplify the dimension of feature subsets, but also eliminate the redundancy of the feature. However, for a feature set with very large dimensions, the traditional [Formula: see text]-medoids algorithm is difficult to accurately estimate the value of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the clustering results of the average linkage (AL) algorithm cannot be divided again, and the AL algorithm cannot be directly used for text classification. In order to overcome the limitations of AL and [Formula: see text]-medoids, in this paper, we combine the two algorithms together so as to be mutually complementary to each other. In particular, in order to meet the purpose of text classification, we improve the AL algorithm and propose the [Formula: see text] testing statistics to obtain the approximate number of clusters. Finally, the central feature words are preserved, and the other feature words are deleted. The experimental results show that the new algorithm largely eliminates the redundancy of the feature. Compared with the traditional TF-IDF algorithms, the performance of the text classification of the new algorithm is improved.

Treatments in the Context of Games

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Mutz
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Student Subjects ◽  
Experimental Treatments

This chapter examines games-based treatments, which are an out-growth of conducting experiments online, where gaming seems only natural and where highly complex, multi-stage experimental treatments can be experienced by participants. It begins with a description of how treatments have been implemented in the context of several classic economic games using random population samples. In these studies, the biggest challenge is adapting the often complex instructions and expectations to a sample that is considerably less well educated on average than college student subjects. In order to play and produce valid experimental results, participants in the game have to understand clearly how it works and buy into the realism of the experimental situation.

scholarly journals EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS IN BEACH WAVE INTERACTION

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Raman
Keyword(s):  
Wave Interaction ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Regular Waves ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Constant Characteristics ◽  
Stable Points

Laboratory studies were conducted in an attempt to find out a relationship between beach and wave characteristics when equilibrium conditions are reached in beach wave interaction for the simple case of regular waves acting normal to the beach. Experimental results indicate the existence of stable points on beach profiles where the coordinates of the profile do not change with time when waves of constant characteristics act on the beach. Emperical relationship between the wave and beach properties are proposed. A new criterion for classification of beach profiles is indicated.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Cluster Prominence Feature for Detecting Calcifications in Mammograms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Cruz-Bernal ◽  
Martha M. Flores-Barranco ◽  
Dora L. Almanza-Ojeda ◽  
Sergio Ledesma ◽  
Mario A. Ibarra-Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
High Expectation ◽  
Weak Classifier ◽  
White Region ◽  
Gray Scale Image ◽  
Global Representation

In mammograms, a calcification is represented as small but brilliant white region of the digital image. Earlier detection of malignant calcifications in patients provides high expectation of surviving to this disease. Nevertheless, white regions are difficult to see by visual inspection because a mammogram is a gray-scale image of the breast. To help radiologists in detecting abnormal calcification, computer-inspection methods of mammograms have been proposed; however, it remains an open important issue. In this context, we propose a strategy for detecting calcifications in mammograms based on the analysis of the cluster prominence (cp) feature histogram. The highest frequencies of the cp histogram describe the calcifications on the mammography. Therefore, we obtain a function that models the behaviour of the cp histogram using the Vandermonde interpolation twice. The first interpolation yields a global representation, and the second models the highest frequencies of the histogram. A weak classifier is used for obtaining a final classification of the mammography, that is, with or without calcifications. Experimental results are compared with real DICOM images and their corresponding diagnosis provided by expert radiologists, showing that the cp feature is highly discriminative.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Vranec, Cabernet sauvignon and Merlot wines based on their chromatic and anthocyanin profiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1309-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Dimitrovska ◽  
Elena Tomovska ◽  
Mirjana Bocevska
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Principle Component Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Grape Varieties

Wines of three different grape varieties, Vranec, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot were examined for their characterisation in terms of anthocyanin and chromatic profiles, total polyphenols and antioxidant potential. Total, monomeric, polymeric and copigmented anthocyanins were determined by spectrophotometry and the individual anthocyanin compounds were quantified using HPLC-DAD. Chromatic profile was evaluated according to colour density, hue, % red, % blue, % yellow and brilliance (% dA). The established data were submitted to analysis of variance and principle component analysis in order to evaluate their potential for differentiation of wines according to variety and vintage. Vranec wines have shown distinctive characteristics, with the highest content of anthocyanins and values of colour intensity, % red and % dA, compared to the other two studied varieties. The content of petunidin-3-glucoside, peonindin-3-glucoside and anthocyanin acetates were established as possible markers for differentiation of Vranec wines from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot wines. However, none of the assayed parameters could be used for differentiation of Cabernet Sauvignon from Merlot wines. It was observed that wine age limits successful classification of the wines by variety according to anthocyanins. The chromatic parameters allowed distinguishing of young (aged up to 1 year) from old Vranec wines.

The Facies Classification of Metamorphic Rocks

1924 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Facies Classification ◽  
Two Independent Variables

The diversity in mineral composition of metamorphic rocks can be regarded as the resultant of two independent variables, first of the ultimate composition of the rocks, and secondly of the grade of metamorphism, or the particular pressure-temperature conditions under which the rocks have arisen. It is clear that these two variables may well form the basis of a classification of rocks of metamorphic origin.

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