Attractiveness and Personality Warmth: Evaluations of Paintings Rated by College Men and Women

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia J. Murphy ◽  
David T. Hellkamp
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
College Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
Recorded Message

To explore how physical attractiveness, warmth of personality, and sex of the evaluator might influence evaluations of a person's painting, 32 subjects in four groups of equal numbers of males and females rated four paintings. Subjects were presented with a picture of the supposed artist which had been previously rated as to physically attractive or unattractive and a tape-recorded message by the artist conveying either warmth or coldness. Each artist was paired with a painting presented before the group. The variables were counterbalanced to avoid position effect. Physical attractiveness and warmth of personality can influence the evaluation of that person's production. No significant sex difference was found. The interaction between the artist's warmth of personality and attractiveness of the artist was significant, indicating that physical attractiveness and warmth of personality for a female may have a more favorable influence on her production than any other combination of the variables studied.

Sex difference in blood pressure, a combinatorial consequence of the differential in RAAS components, sex hormones and time course

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Yang ◽  
Shien Liu ◽  
Zhongming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Prenatal Programming ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Bdnf Signaling ◽  
Males And Females

: The longitudinal increment of blood pressure (BP) with age is attributed to lifestyle, internal and external environments. It is not limited to systemic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), signaling to allow the individuals to better adapt to the developmental and environmental change. This regulation is necessary for all lives, regardless of sex. Basic levels of renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS) components in males and females define the fundamental sex difference in BP, which may be set by prenatal programming and profoundly influence BP after birth. The innate sex difference in BP is magnified during puberty growth and further modified by menopause. At the age of 70 or older, blood pressure was similar in men and women. The understanding of the prenatal setup and development of sexual dimorphism in BP may provide preventative therapeutic strategies, including timing and drugs, for individuals with abnormal BP.

Some reflections on sex differences in aggression and violence

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Maxson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Human Aggression ◽  
Intrasexual Aggression ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Four issues relevant to sex differences in human aggression and violence are considered. (1) The motivation for play and serious aggression in children and juvenile animals is different. Consequently, the evolutionary explanations for each may be different. (2) Sex differences in intrasexual aggression may be due to effects of the attacker or the target. There is evidence that both males and females are more physically aggressive against males and less physically aggressive against females. The evolutionary explanation for each component of the sex difference in intrasexual aggression may be different. (3) Aggression and violence are defined. The former is the attack, and the latter is the consequent injury or death. The evolutionary explanation for each may not be the same. (4) Most men and women are neither physically aggressive nor criminally violent. The evolutionary explanations of sex differences in aggression and violence should take this polymorphism into account.

Gender Differences in Characteristics Reported to Be Important Features of Physical Attractiveness

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine L. Pedersen ◽  
Nancy L. Markee ◽  
Carol J. Salusso
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Western State ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether characteristics of physical attractiveness named by respondents as important would differ from those attributes previously examined by researchers. Gender differences related to the identification of important characteristics of physical attractiveness were also explored. Subjects, 230 male and 240 female undergraduates at two western state universities, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents agreed that body build was the characteristic of greatest importance for both physically attractive males and females. Other important characteristics for physically attractive males were eyes, face, height, and hair and for females, hair, face, and eyes. Other than body build, there was no consistent ranking of characteristics by male and female respondents.

Perception of Physical Attractiveness Influenced by Similarity of Attitudes

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Hassebrauck
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Target Person ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physically Attractive

59 men and women, 20 to 30 yr. old, rated 15 items about everyday life on Likert scales and 5 wk. later rated a male's photograph for attractiveness and similarity. A target person who appeared verbally similar to the subjects was rated more physically attractive than a dissimilar target. No negative effect of dissimilarity was noted.

Receivers' Open Processing Style as a Moderator of Communicators' Persuasiveness

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Benoy Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
College Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Processing Style ◽  
Inconsistent Information ◽  
New Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect

The persuasive impact of two communicators' characteristics—physical attractiveness and expertness—was examined on two subgroups of a sample of 192 college men and women who differed on a personality trait called “open processing.” This trait describes an individual's degree of openness to new information and his ability to process or handle inconsistent information about an object. As predicted, open (vs cautious) processors responded with greater variability when source attractiveness and expertness were varied. Attributes of the source made no significant difference in agreement among cautious subjects but produced a significant interaction on over-all attitude and a main effect for expertness on cognition among open subjects.

Physical Attractiveness Stereotype in Causal Attributions for Socially Undesirable Behavior

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Fredricks ◽  
Sidney J. Arenson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Attributional Bias ◽  
High Consistency ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
Undesirable Behavior

Causal attributions for socially undesirable behavior performed by physically attractive and unattractive stimulus persons were investigated among 144 men and women respondents. An attributional bias was predicted such that upon learning that a person has engaged in socially undesirable behavior in the context of a pattern of low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency information, respondents would make more internal attributions for unattractive than for attractive persons. It was also predicted that respondents exposed to a pattern of high consensus, high distinctiveness, and high consistency information would make more external attributions for attractive than for unattractive individuals. These predictions were not confirmed. Although there was evidence for stereotyping of physical attractiveness, respondents (72 male and 72 female undergraduates) indicated no bias in the causal attributions made for the behavior of individuals differing in attractiveness. These findings suggest a limitation of the generality of the stereotype of physical attractiveness.

Do Men Believe That Physically Attractive Women are More Healthy and Capable of Having Children?

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1002-1008
Author(s):  
Eugene W. Mathes ◽  
Clarissa Arms ◽  
Alicia Bryant ◽  
Jeni Fields ◽  
Aggie Witowski
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Women College Students ◽  
Psychology Course ◽  
Physically Attractive

The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that men view physical attractiveness as an index of a woman's health and her capacity to have children. 21 men and 26 women from an introductory psychology course were shown photographs from 1972 of men and women college students, judged in 2002 to be attractive or unattractive. Subjects were asked to rate the photographed individuals' current health, the probability that they were married, the probability that they had children, and whether they had reproductive problems. The hypothesis was generally supported; the men rated the photographs of attractive women as healthier, more likely to be married, and more likely to have children.

The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

Sex Differences in Time Production Revisited

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Glicksohn ◽  
Yamit Hadad
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Target Duration ◽  
Log P ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Time Production ◽  
T Score

Individual differences in time production should indicate differences in the rate of functioning of an internal clock, assuming the existence of such a clock. And sex differences in time production should reflect a difference in the rate of functioning of that clock between men and women. One way of approaching the data is to compute individual regressions of produced duration (P) on target duration (T), after log transformation, and to derive estimates for the intercept and the slope. One could investigate a sex difference by comparing these estimates for men and women; one could also contrast them by looking at mean log(P). Using such indices, we found a sex difference in time production, female participants having a relatively faster internal clock, making shorter time productions, and having a smaller exponent. The question is whether a sex difference in time production would be found using other methods for analyzing the data: (1) the P/T ratio; (2) an absolute discrepancy (|P-T|) score; and (3) an absolute error (|P-T|/T) score. For the P/T ratio, female participants have a lower mean ratio in comparison to the male participants. In contrast, the |P-T| and |P-T|/T indices seem to be seriously compromised by wide individual differences.

What Women Say They Want versus What Men Imagine They Do: A new and convenient method reveals novel insights about self-reported vs. perceived preferences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Pierre Jago ◽  
Karen R. Dobkins
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
New Method ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Opposite Gender

To appeal to the opposite gender, previous research indicates that men emphasize their wealth, status, and ambition, whereas women emphasize their physical attractiveness. Such behavior seems surprising given previous surveys in which men and women reported these traits to be less important than others such as trustworthiness, intelligence, and warmth. We addressed one potential reason for any disconnect, which is that men’s and women’s beliefs about what the opposite gender prefers are misguided—according to the opposite genders’ self-reports. Using a new method, we asked participants to both self-report the traits they prefer in a romantic partner and to indicate what they imagine the opposite gender prefers. The results reveal striking discrepancies between what people report wanting in a potential partner and what the opposite gender imagines they want. Additionally, women appear to be better at imagining men’s preferences, and we discuss several reasons why this might be the case.

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