Critical Evaluation of the Obscure Figures Test as an Instrument for Measuring “Cognitive Innovation”

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Georg Voss ◽  
Heidi Keller
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The Obscure Figures Test has been conceptualized by Acker and McReynolds (1965) as a measure of Cognitive Innovation. As a general concept Cognitive Innovation refers to an integration of different kinds of behavioral systems, e.g., creativity and exploratory behavior. Considering recent research about the relationship between curiosity and creativity as well as basic assumptions underlying this test, it is hypothesized that this is an instrument for measuring creativity rather than curiosity. 41 boys and 41 girls ranging from 7 to 10 yr. of age were given a battery of tests of curiosity and creativity. There were significant correlations between Obscure Figures Test and creativity measures. No such relationships were found between obscure figures and curiosity measures. A factor analysis yielded two factors which could be interpreted as “visual exploration” and “creativity,” the obscure figures being a marker variable on the latter factor. Results are discussed in terms of the theoretical assumptions underlying the concepts of curiosity, creativity, and Cognitive Innovation. Further implications with respect to the requirements for an operationalization of Cognitive Innovations are mentioned.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Evaluation of Remuneration Justice

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Marta Juchnowicz ◽  
Hanna Kinowska
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Fair Compensation ◽  
The Relationship

Although the large body of literature suggests the importance of fair compensation, the understanding of the nature of remuneration justice remains limited. The paper fills the gap by combining the three streams in the research: diversified definitions of justice in management sciences, philosophy and ethics, theory of organizational justice and research on employee engagement. Based on theoretical assumptions, a remuneration justice as-sessment model was developed. The evaluation of the remuneration fairness depends on three dimensions: perception of the features of the remuneration system, employees’ convictions regarding the legitimacy of pay differentiation and work needs. The hypothe-sised model was tested on a representative sample of 1,067 working Poles. This research has used SEM-PLS approach including exploratory factor analysis. The find-ings carry theoretical implications, since they extend the research and refine the essence of remuneration justice. From a practical perspective, the relationship between the three predictors – system, beliefs and needs – provide a proof on how remuneration justice is composed and how it could be developed.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KUALITAS INSTRUMEN PENGUKURAN KINERJA TENAGA PENDIDIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Susilahudin Putrawangsa ◽  
Raden Fanny Printi Ardi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Indicator Values ◽  
Informal Relationship ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The current research is an analysis on the quality of an instrument that is used to measure educator performance at a college in West Nusa Tenggara. The research aims to improve the quality of the instrument. Factor Analysis is used in the study. There are 3 measurement factors in the instrument, those are pedagogic factors (5 indicators), professionalism (11 indicators) and personality (3 indicators). The result shows that: 1) those indicators can be classified into two factors, formal factors and informal factors. Formal factors is institutional and structured, such as the indicators of subject matter delivery, the use of teaching method, the use of relevance example, and the use of learning media and tools. Meanwhile, informal factors is non-institutional, which tends to be emotional relationship or informal relationship, such as educators capability in creating pleasant and friendly classroom; 2) It is found that some indicators need to be removed because they have indicator values less than 0.5, for instance the indicator that ‘lecturers explain the relationship between the subjects being taught and other subjects outside that subjects’ is need to be removed because it has a similar meaning with another indicator that is ‘lectures explain the application of the subject in real life’.

scholarly journals Impact of Organizational Climate on Knowledge-Sharing Behavior: An Empirical Study in Minimarkets

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Sri Raharso ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Knowledge Sharing Behavior ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sharing Behavior

This empirical research aims to identify the relationship between organizational climate and knowledge sharing behavior. Also, this study uses knowledge sharing intentions as a mediator between these two variables. The survey was conducted incidentally on 403 minimarket employees in eight districts/cities in West Java. Factor analysis was employed to purify research variables. To evaluate the research model, multiple regression analysis was used. The results of the factor analysis on organizational climate resulted in two factors, fairness and affiliation. Fairness and affiliation constructs have a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing intention. Knowledge sharing intention also has a positive and significant effect on knowledge sharing behavior.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly B. Kozee ◽  
Tracy L. Tylka ◽  
Casey L. Augustus-Horvath ◽  
Angela Denchik
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Body Shame ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
The Relationship

This study reports on the development and psychometric evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale (ISOS). Data from 576 college women were collected in three studies. Exploratory factor analysis uncovered two factors: Body Evaluation and Unwanted Explicit Sexual Advances; confirmatory factor analysis supported this factor structure. ISOS scores were internally consistent and stable over a 3-week period. Supporting its construct validity, ISOS scores were (a) strongly related to sexist degradation; (b) slightly to moderately related to other sexist events, self-objectification (i.e., body surveillance and internalization of the thin-ideal), and body shame; and (c) unrelated to socially desirable responding. The relationship between ISOS scores and body shame was fully mediated by self-objectification, providing additional evidence for its construct validity. Furthermore, the ISOS garnered incremental validity, as it predicted self-objectification above and beyond the variance accounted for by sexist events.

Impact of Brand Association on Brand Equity with Specific Focus on Advergames in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitesh Jayswal ◽  
Puja Vora
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Brand Association ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The objective of this article is to study the relationship between brand equity and brand association in the context of advergames in India. Brand association is considered as an independent variable, and its impact on brand equity is investigated. This article includes an initial survey of youngsters of Gujarat state under an experimental research design. The data is analysed using factor analysis, MANOVA and multiple regression. Two factors extracted from the brand association, namely ‘specific attributes’ and ‘intangible attributes’, are found to be significantly impacting brand equity. Out of the two, ‘specific attributes’ explain higher variation compared to ‘intangible attributes’. The findings have practical implications for both academicians and practitioners. Although the findings are restricted to the FMCG sector, they can be somewhat generalized. They can act as a foundation for further research. They can also provide guidelines to the practitioners.

scholarly journals Aesthetic experience and the emotional content of paintings

Psihologija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Hedonic Tone ◽  
Affective Tone ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we investigated the relationship between aesthetic experience and other emotional qualities judged in paintings. Aesthetic experience was defined as an exceptional state of mind in which a person is focused on a particular object, transcending its everyday uses and meanings and losing the awareness of surroundings and even of himself/herself. In this state a person has an exceptional emotional experience, that is a feeling of unity with the object. Our basic idea is that aesthetic experience is not reducible to pleasure or a positive hedonic tone, but a person can equally be fascinated with both pleasant and unpleasant objects. In preliminary studies we specified the stimulus set of figural and semi-figural paintings, and a set of descriptors of emotions, feelings and aesthetic experience. Participants judged the paintings on descriptors (seven-point scales). Factor analysis revealed two large factors: the bipolar factor Affective Tone (descriptors on the positive pole: lovely, charming, cheerful, etc; descriptors on the negative pole: scary, disgusting, hateful etc.) and Aesthetic Experience (descriptors: exceptional, profound, unique, etc.). Additional analyses have shown no significant correlation between the two factors. These findings confirmed our idea that aesthetic experience is independent of pleasure or affective attraction, and that it can be induced by both pleasant and unpleasant paintings.

scholarly journals Mediating Effect of Social Status between Functioning of MFIs and Empowerment of Beneficiaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1332-1337
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Development of society becomes possible only when the economic and social status of people is developed and it leads to their empowerment. Microfinance is a mechanism of providing financial services to the targeted group who has been excluded by the formal banking services. Factors of the functioning of Microfinance Institutions have been considered in this study. The factors were extracted using Exploratory Factor analysis and the mediating effect of social status on the relationship between the functioning of MFIs and empowerment of beneficiaries was also checked. Both primary and secondary was used in this study. Primary data was collected with the help of prepared schedule from the beneficiaries of selected MFIs. Sampling has been done in multiple stages to collect data from 417 respondents. Result of the study shows that two factors namely group forming & monitoring and training & counselling were extracted from exploratory factor analysis. And, the social status of beneficiaries has a mediating effect on the relationship between the functioning of MFIs and the beneficiary’s empowerment. Various suggestions and policy implication were provided for the policymakers.

Analysis of the Quality of Relationships in the Footwear Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-121
Author(s):  
Marcela Karina Benítez Gaibor ◽  
Juan Pablo Martínez Mesías
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Quality Of Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the study is to propose a methodology and measures for the assessment of relationship quality between producers and clients and between producers and suppliers of the footwear sector. For this purpose, a principal component factor analysis (PCA) has been applied on a sample of footwear producers of Tungurahua, Ecuador. The PCA analysis included the seven dimensions of relational coordination theory and other three dimensions, such as trust, cooperation, and satisfaction. Results show that the quality of relationships is composed by two factors, one related to communication and one related to relationships. Some changes occur in these dimensions depending on the stakeholders involved in the relationship. The scores of the components resulted from the PCA analysis were used to calculate communication and relationship indexes. Additionally, a correlation analysis has been performed showing a positive correlation between communication and relationships dimensions in both producers-clients relationship and producers-suppliers relationship.

scholarly journals Stress Linked to Reports of Simulator Sickness in Vigilance: A Factor Analysis of the SSSQ and the SSQ

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1527-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric T. Greenlee ◽  
Lucas J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Simulator Sickness ◽  
Stress Measure ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

The current study investigated the relationship between stress and simulator sickness within vigilance tasks. The Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and the Short Stress State Questionnaire were employed. Data were aggregated from seven different visual vigilance tasks. Correlational relationships were investigated using an exploratory factor analysis, which revealed two factors. The first factor was represented by Distress, a stress measure, and all three simulator sickness subscales: Nausea, Disorientation, and Oculomotor symptoms. The second factor consisted only of Worry, a stress measure. These results suggest that the distress associated with vigilance is intertwined with reports of simulator sickness. One possible explanation is that the stress of vigilance effectively inflates reports of simulator sickness, a potential concern for the validity of simulator sickness assessments within tasks that require vigilance.

On the Dimensionality of Measuring Tourist Satisfaction towards Homestay

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangaram Biswakarma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultural Performance ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

This study focuses on measuring tourist satisfaction towards home stay. This paper emphasized to identify the variables that are related to tourist satisfaction during tourist homestay. It is also focused on analyzing the relationship and impact of these latent construct of factors to overall tourist satisfaction towards home stay. In an attempt to visualize the purpose, tourists satisfaction in a homestay in Nepal has taken into as a case, with an aim to identify the underlying dimensions of tourist satisfaction during tourist homestay. Twenty six (26) manifest variables of homestay has been formulated to understand the dimensions. Likewise, for a conforming the latent construct (1) statement as dependent variable of overall satisfaction was developed for the purpose of the primary data collection. The manifest variables are basically focused on aspects of home stay attributes namely cultural attraction, hospitality, amenities and safety & security at the home stay destination. Post Exploratory Factor Analysis indicates factor loading for twenty two (22) items manifest variables as significant, loaded with five (5) factors of home stay attributes named as Amenities & Safety, Reception, Local Cuisine & Accommodation, Local Life style & Costumes, and Cultural Performance. This study contributes to the development of survey instrument for exploring tourist satisfaction for Home stay for future researchers.

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