Efficacy of Booster Sessions after Training in Assertiveness

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut P. R. Riedel ◽  
Catherine R. Fenwick ◽  
C. R. Jillings
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Booster Sessions ◽  
Assertion Training ◽  
Significant Superiority

28 subjects participated in a 6-wk. assertion training program. Of these, 22 remained in the study for a 6-mo. follow-up period, during which half received monthly booster sessions and half did not. Assignment to the booster and no-booster groups was random, with the qualification that subjects were equated on trait anxiety before training in assertiveness. Subjects filled out the Gambrill-Richey Assertion Inventory, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale before the 6-wk. assertion training, after this program, at a 3-mo. follow-up, and at a 6-mo. follow-up. It was hypothesized that the booster group would exhibit significant superiority on these measures at the 3-mo. and 6-mo. follow-ups. On all measures both groups significantly improved from before to after the training program with good maintenance throughout the follow-ups. There were no differences between the booster and no-booster groups on the measures of assertiveness and anxiety. However, there was a significant interaction for the depression scores when the booster and no-booster groups were compared from posttreatment to 6-mo. follow-up. The depression scores of subjects in the booster group were lower than the depression scores of subjects in the no-booster group at the 6-mo. follow-up. These results were discussed with suggestions for further research.

Role of Trait Anxiety in Persistent Radicular Pain After Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina D'Angelo ◽  
Antonio Mirijello ◽  
Anna Ferrulli ◽  
Lorenzo Leggio ◽  
Arturo Berardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Disc Herniation ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate anxiety and depression as prognostic factors for radicular and back pain after surgery in patients with lumbar disc herniation in a 1-year follow-up study. METHODS A total of 108 patients with lumbar disc herniation were enrolled in the study. Anxiety was assessed by State and Trait Anxiety Inventory; current depression was assessed by Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Severity of pain was scored on the visual analog scale (VAS). The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and VAS were administered before surgery and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS Before surgery, 72.2% of patients showed state anxiety, 54.6% of patients showed trait anxiety, and 11.1% of patients showed current depression. During the follow-up period, there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of state anxiety (P < .0001), no variation in the prevalence of trait anxiety (P = .115), and a significant increase in the prevalence of current depression (P = .002). Linear regression analysis showed that the presence of trait anxiety before surgery was the main determinant of the presence of pain after surgery (P < .0001). VAS scores were evaluated by dividing patients into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of trait anxiety before surgery. The subgroup affected by trait anxiety before surgery had significantly higher VAS scores at each follow-up assessment compared with patients without trait anxiety (P < .0001). CONCLUSION The presence of trait anxiety before surgery is a prognostic factor for the persistence of pain after surgery.

scholarly journals Effects of attitudes towards ambiguity on subclinical depression and anxiety in healthy individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510291984061
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Enoki ◽  
Munenaga Koda ◽  
Sayako Nishimura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Anxiety Trait ◽  
Subclinical Depression

This study aims to examine the effects of multidimensional attitudes towards ambiguity on subclinical depression and anxiety in healthy individuals. Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale, consisting of four clusters (enjoyment, anxiety, exclusion, and noninterference), Self-Rating Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–trait version were administered to 1019 Japanese volunteers. The result of a regression analysis suggested that the score of Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale–enjoyment factor significantly contributed to the Self-Rating Depression Scale score while that of Attitudes Towards Ambiguity Scale–anxiety factor significantly contributed to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–trait score. Among attitudes toward ambiguity, enjoyment may have protective effects against subclinical depression whereas anxiety can enhance anxiety-trait in nonclinical individuals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anxiety, Depression, and Biological Markers in Health Professionals with Burnout 

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
Tanya I. Deneva ◽  
Youri P. Ianakiev
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Depressive States

Introduction: Medical profession is a stress factor for the development of burnout, symptoms of anxiety and depression as a result of 24-hour work, delayed work-life balance gratification and challenges associated with patient care.&nbsp; Aim: This study aimed to verify the rates of burnout, anxiety, and depression presented by health professionals working 24-hour shifts under emergency conditions. Saliva cortisol and glycated hemoglobin were also studied as stress-related biomarkers.&nbsp; Materials and methods: Ninety-five medical professionals &ndash; physicians, biologists, chemists, and laboratory technicians were compared to a control group working outside medicine. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Anxiety and depression were measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Zung Depression Scale. Salivary cortisol and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed by the immunoassay methods.&nbsp; Results: The level of burnout in the subscale of emotional exhaustion was high in 95.6% of medical professionals. In the subscale of personal accomplishment, 100% had high scores. Regarding the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, 22.2% and 68.9% of the medical specialists showed a positive score (&ge;40) for S-anxiety and T-anxiety scale, respectively. 11.1% indicated greater anxiety (score &ge; 55) for T-anxiety. In relation to the depression scale, 31.1% had mildly depressive states and 8.9% had moderately depressive states. Participants with a high level of emotional exhaustion presented higher results for saliva cortisol and glycated hemoglobin compared to the control group. A significant positive correlation existed between the two dimensions - emotional exhaustion and depression (r=0.683, p<0.01). Conclusions: Our study may be relevant for further research in order to decrease the negative aspects of professional stress.

scholarly journals Métodos de rastreamento da ansiedade e depressão em estudantes universitários: revisão integrativa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (60) ◽  
pp. 4686-4695
Author(s):  
Maira Gabriela Paetzold ◽  
Ligiane De Lourdes Silva ◽  
Márcia Regina Simões
Keyword(s):  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Stress Scale

Objetivo: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura de instrumentos utilizados no rastreamento de depressão, ansiedade e misto (ambos) em amostras de estudantes de graduação. Método: a pesquisa ocorreu na base de dados PubMed, de 2009 até 2019. Resultados: Inicialmente foram encontrados 895 artigos, dos quais 345 foram incluídos após a leitura dos títulos e resumos; destes, 316 foram recuperados e posteriormente 176 foram excluídos após a leitura na íntegra, totalizando 140 artigos. Conclusão: Os instrumentos mais utilizados foram: a) Ansiedade: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (n=19) e State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (n=17); b) Depressão: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (n=35); e c) Misto: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) (n=40) e Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (n=19). O curso mais avaliado foi Medicina e os países com mais produções de artigos foram China (n=24) e Estados Unidos (n=20). O Brasil publicou apenas 7 artigos.

State and trait anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110331
Author(s):  
Justine Hussong ◽  
Alisha Rosenthal ◽  
Annelie Bernhardt ◽  
Sara Fleser ◽  
Miriam Langenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

Background Maternal anxiety increases the risk for incontinence in children. The aim was to analyze anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents before (t1) and after 6 months of incontinence treatment (t2). Methods 40 children with incontinence and 40 controls completed the State-trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, their parents the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the State-trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline (t1) and 6 months later (follow-up, t2). Psychiatric disorders were assessed by a standardized parental diagnostic interview (Kinder-DIPS), IQ was tested by a one-dimensional test. All children were neurologically examined. Children with incontinence underwent a guideline-based treatment during the 6 months. Results At baseline, child and parental state and trait anxiety scores, as well as all CBCL scores were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. At t2, parental anxiety, CBCL scores, and child trait anxiety were significantly higher in patients versus controls, whereas child state anxiety decreased, and parental state anxiety increased from t1 to t2. Conclusions Incontinence and anxiety are associated. While state anxiety decreases, trait anxiety can remain stable over time. Higher levels of anxiety can influence incontinence treatment and should be assessed in every patient.

Συχνότητα των ήπιων νευρολογικών σημείων σε ασθενείς με σχιζοφρενικού τύπου ψύχωση

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Παναγιώτης Παναγιωτίδης
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
T Test ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Greek Version ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Η παρά τη κλίνη εξέταση των νευρολογικών διαταραχών, μέσω μίας τυπικής νευρολογικής κλινικής εξέτασης θεωρείται ως μία άμεση και ανέξοδη μέθοδος για την αξιολόγηση της εγκεφαλικής δυσλειτουργίας στη σχιζοφρένεια. Κατά τη διάρκεια των τελευταίων σαράντα ετών οι ερευνητικές εργασίες αναφέρουν συστηματικά την αυξημένη παρουσία των ήπιων νευρολογικών σημείων (ΗΝΣ) στους ασθενείς με σχιζοφρένεια, σε σύγκριση με τον υγιή πληθυσμό ή τους μη-ψυχωτικούς ψυχιατρικούς ασθενείς. Ωστόσο, η λειτουργική τους συσχέτιση παραμένει ασαφής και η ειδικότητά τους έχει συχνά αμφισβητηθεί, αν και υπάρχουν ενδείξεις μίας σχετικής ειδικότητας ως προς τη διάγνωση ή τη συμπτωματολογία. Παράγοντες όπως οι ανεπιθύμητες ενέργειες των νευροληπτικών φαρμάκων, το φύλο, η ηλικία ή το οικογενειακό ψυχιατρικό ιστορικό, θεωρείται ότι επηρεάζουν τα αποτελέσματα της νευρολογικής εκτίμησης, ενώ μόνο ένας σχετικά μικρός αριθμός ερευνών αναφέρει δεδομένα μίας μακροχρόνιας παρακολούθησης των ΗΝΣ σε έναν επαρκή αριθμό ατόμων προκειμένου να αξιολογηθεί μία πιθανή έκπτωση των νευρολογικών λειτουργιών. Η παρούσα μελέτη προσπάθησε να διερευνήσει τη συχνότητα και τη φύση των ΗΝΣ σε ασθενείς με σχιζοφρένεια, καθώς και σε μία ομάδα υγιών μαρτύρων. Στοχεύσαμε στη διερεύνηση των διαφορών μεταξύ των μελετώμενων πληθυσμών και των συσχετίσεων μεταξύ συγκεκριμένων ομάδων νευρολογικών σημείων και κλινικών, κοινωνικοδημογραφικών και θεραπευτικών χαρακτηριστικών του πληθυσμού των ασθενών, κατά την αρχική εκτίμηση, καθώς και μετά την πάροδο δώδεκα μηνών. Συνολικά εντάχθηκαν στη μελέτη 133 νοσηλευόμενοι και εξωτερικοί ασθενείς. Οι διαγνώσεις τέθηκαν βάση της ελληνικής έκδοσης 5.0.0. της σύντομης διεθνούς νευροψυχιατρικής συνέντευξης (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, MINI Greek version 5.0.0.). Επιπλέον, 122 υγιείς μάρτυρες συμπεριλήφθηκαν στη μελέτη και αντιστοιχήθηκαν ως προς το φύλο και την ηλικία με τον πληθυσμό των ασθενών. Όλοι οι ενταχθέντες στη μελέτη υποβλήθηκαν αρχικά σε νευρολογική εξέταση εστιασμένη στη διερεύνηση των ΗΝΣ, βάση της Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) κλίμακας. Τα εξωπυραμιδικά συμπτώματα εκτιμήθηκαν με τις κλίμακες Simpson-Angus Rating Scale (SARS) και Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS). Τα ανευρεθέντα κλινικά συμπτώματα του πληθυσμού της μελέτης αξιολογήθηκαν με τις κλίμακες Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-T and STAI-S) και Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Τέλος, η εκτίμηση της γενικής λειτουργικότητας έγινε βάση των οδηγιών της Αμερικάνικης Ψυχιατρικής Εταιρείας (κλίμακα GAF), ενώ η προτίμηση χρήσης των χεριών εκτιμήθηκε με την κλίμακα Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire (AHPQ). Για λόγους στατιστικής ανάλυσης υιοθετήθηκε τιμή p τέτοια ώστε να είναι επαρκής για πολλαπλές συγκρίσεις και ορίστηκε σε επίπεδο p<0.001. Για την ανάλυση των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε το t-test για ένα δείγμα, η δοκιμασία x2, η δοκιμασία t-test για ανεξάρτητα δείγματα και ο συντελεστής συσχέτισης Pearson, όπου αυτό απαιτείτο. Συμπεράσματα: Τα ήπια νευρολογικά σημεία είναι εξαιρετικά συχνά σε ασθενείς με σχιζοφρένεια (90%), ενώ μάλλον σπάνια σε υγιείς μάρτυρες (12%), εύρημα κοινό σε όλες τις υποομάδες στις οποίες κατηγοριοποιούνται. Η παρουσία τους έχει μορφή δομικών χαρακτηριστικών (trait-like), με σταθερότητα στο χρόνο, και είναι ανεξάρτητα από κοινωνικοδημογραφικούς παράγοντες, κλινικά χαρακτηριστικά της νόσου και την υπάρχουσα φαρμακοθεραπεία, αν και η ύπαρξή τους ενδεχομένως υποδεικνύει νόσο με φτωχότερη έκβαση. Δε φαίνεται να επιδεινώνονται με το πέρασμα της ηλικίας, τουλάχιστον μέχρι την ηλικία των 65 ετών.

Anthroposophic Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Two-year Prospective Cohort Study in Routine Outpatient Settings

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMPsy.S2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald J. Hamre ◽  
Claudia M. Witt ◽  
Gunver S. Kienle ◽  
Anja Glockmann ◽  
Renatus Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Sf 36

Background and Methods Anthroposophic treatment for anxiety disorders includes special artistic and physical therapies and special medications. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 64 consecutive adult outpatients starting anthroposophic treatment for anxiety disorders under routine conditions. Main outcomes were Anxiety Severity (physician and patient ratings 0–10), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (0–100), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, German version (CES-D, 0–60), and SF-36 Mental Component Summary. Results Mean age was 42.3 years. Most frequent diagnoses were generalized anxiety disorder (44% of patients, n = 28/64) and panic disorder (39%). Median disease duration was 4.5 years. The anthroposophic treatment modalities used were medications (56% of patients), eurythmy therapy (41%), art therapy (30%), and rhythmical massage therapy (3%). Median number of eurythmy/art/massage sessions was 12, median therapy duration was 120 days. From baseline to six-month follow-up, all outcomes improved significantly; average improvements were: Physician-rated Anxiety Severity 3.60 points (95% confidence interval 2.97–4.22, p < 0.001), patient-rated Anxiety Severity 3.50 (2.88–4.12, p < 0.001), Self-rating Anxiety Scale 11.88 (7.70–16.05, p < 0.001), CES-D 8.79 (5.61–11.98, p < 0.001), and SF-36 Mental Component 9.53 (5.98–13.08, p < 0.001). All improvements were maintained until last follow-up after 24 months. Conclusions Patients with anxiety disorders under anthroposophic treatment had long-term improvements of symptoms and quality of life.

Depressive Symptoms before and One Year after Heart Surgery

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Magni
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year

For 57 patients undergoing major heart surgery depressive symptoms were assessed before the operation and one year afterwards. The Zung Self-rating Depression Scale was used. Mean depressive scores significantly decreased at the follow-up. However, looking at frequencies instead of mean scores indicated about one-fourth of the sample showed clinically significant depressive symptomatology one year after surgery.

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