Physical Fitness, Body Image, and Locus of Control in College Freshman Men and Women

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Adame ◽  
Thomas C. Johnson ◽  
Steven P. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Health Dimension ◽  
Body Self

This study examined the relations among physical fitness, body image, and locus of control. The Hall Physical Fitness Test Profile, the Winstead and Cash Body Self-relations Questionnaire (BSRQ) and the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale were administered to 243 freshmen. Women were significantly more positive about their physical appearance than men. Men were more positive about their physical fitness than women. Men were more physically fit than women. Men and women scoring in the internal direction viewed the physical fitness domain of their body image positively. Unlike men, internally oriented women had more positive perceptions of the health aspect of their body image. Physically fit men and women had positive attitudes toward the physical fitness component of their body image. Physically fit men differed from physically fit women in that men were more internal and held more positive attitudes toward the physical health dimension of their body images.

Effect of Teaching with Mirrors on Body Image and Locus of Control in Women College Ballet Dancers

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1239-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Radell ◽  
Daniel D. Adame ◽  
Steven P. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Dance Instruction ◽  
Body Self ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Externality Analysis

This preliminary study assessed the effect of mirrors in dance instruction on body image and locus of control of women college ballet dancers. With the same instructor in two beginning ballet classes 8 women were taught using mirrors and 13 women were taught without mirrors. Subjects completed the Cash 69-item Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, and the 40 item Adult Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale during the first and last classes of a 14-wk. semester. Body-areas Satisfaction increased for the nonmirror class yet decreased for the class taught with mirrors. For the nonmirror class, there were significant increases in Appearance Orientation and Externality. Analysis suggested that the use of a mirror in the teaching of ballet may be an element which contributes to the low body-image scores of the 21 women ballet dancers. Replication with a much larger sample is required to draw conclusions.

The Relationship between Body Image and Exercise Adherence in Fitness Centre Exercising Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Jankauskienė ◽  
Brigita Miežienė
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Relationship

Research background and hypothesis. The analysis of factors which might infl uence exercise adherence is important issue for physical activity promotion. Studies show that exercisers’ body image is important factor associated with well being, exercise motivation and specifi c exercise–related behaviour.Research aim was is to examine the relationship between exercise adherence, body image and social physique anxiety in a sample of fi tness centre participants. Research methods. Members of fi tness centres (n = 217, 66 of them were women) provided their answers on exercise experience, in three subscales (appearance evaluation, appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation) of The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS; Brown et al., 1990) and Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS; Hart et al., 1989). Mean age of the sample was 29.02 (9.85) years (range = 18–68 years).Research results. Women demonstrated higher appearance orientation, overweight preoccupation and social physique anxiety compared to men. However, we observed no signifi cant differences in appearance evaluation, appearance orientation and overweight preoccupation in the groups of different exercise experience of men and women. When overweight respondents (≥ 25 kg / m²) were excluded from the analysis, there were no statistically signifi cant differences observed in body image and social physique anxiety in exercise experience groups of men and women. Exercising longer than 6 years signifi cantly predicted overweight preoccupation [95% CI: 1.25–16.94] controlled by age and gender. Discussion and conclusions. Exercising men demonstrated more positive body image and lower social physique anxiety compared to women, except for appearance evaluation. There were observed no body image and social physique relationships with exercise adherence observed in the sample of fi tness centre participants, however, exercise experience longer than 6 years predicted overweight preoccupation.Keywords: body image concerns, exercise experience, self-presentation.

Dimensions of Cancer Locus of Control Scale as Predictors of Psychological Adjustment and Survival in Breast Cancer Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cousson-Gélie ◽  
S. Irachabal ◽  
M. Bruchon-Schweitzer ◽  
J. M. Dilhuydy ◽  
F. Lakdja
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
French Version ◽  
Religious Control

The Cancer Locus of Control Scale, to investigate specific beliefs of control in cancer patients, was validated previously with an English-speaking population. This study tested the construct and concurrent validity of a 17-item French version of the scale and explored its relations with psychological adjustment and with adaptation assessed two years later. In a sample of 157 women diagnosed with a first breast cancer, the French version was administered along with the Body Image Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Social Support Questionnaire, and the Ways of Coping Checklist. A factor analysis performed on scores identified the three original factors: internal causal attribution, control over the course of the illness, and religious control. Internal causal attribution was associated with high scores for state and trait anxiety, negative body image, emotion-focused coping, and problem-focused coping. Control over the course of the cancer was positively associated with scores on both problem- and emotion-focused coping. Religious control was negatively associated with perceived stress. Emotional adjustment and quality of life were assessed in 59 of the 157 breast cancer patients two years after diagnosis and original testing. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that internal causal attribution significantly predicted 38.1% of the variance in rated state anxiety. None of the dimensions of the Cancer Locus of Control Scale predicted the duration of survival measured two years later in 75 of the 157 patients.

Effect of Mandatory Unit and Individual Physical Training on Fitness in Military Men and Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan K. Anderson ◽  
Tyson Grier ◽  
Michelle Canham-Chervak ◽  
Timothy T. Bushman ◽  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of additional individual physical training (PT) in addition to mandatory unit PT as well as other risk factors on physical fitness. Design: A cross-sectional design. Setting: This study was conducted on a US military installation. Participants: Participants were 6290 male and 558 female active duty US Army soldiers in 3 light infantry brigades. Measures: Participants completed self-administered questionnaires asking about individual characteristics, PT, and physical fitness. Cut points were established for soldiers scoring within the top 33% for each of the 3 Army Physical Fitness Test events (2-mile run, sit-ups, and push-ups) and top 50% in each of the tests combined for overall performance. Analysis: Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariate analyses were calculated. Results: Variables impacting physical fitness performance of men and women included increased body mass index, leading unit PT sessions, and individual distance running mileage. Other variables impacting physical performance for men included increased age, smoking, and individual resistance training. Conclusion: Soldiers performing additional individual PT demonstrated a positive influence on fitness compared to unit PT participation alone. Increased age and being overweight/obese negatively influenced physical fitness. To enhance fitness performance through unit PT, running by ability groups and resistance training should be encouraged by leadership.

scholarly journals Body Image and Disturbed Eating Attitudes Among Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-430
Author(s):  
Wajeha Zainab ◽  
Shafaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disturbed Eating ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Impact

Among all the psychiatric conditions, eating disorders has the highest mortality rates and most of the sufferers are adolescents. As the standards for beauty and attraction are changing and creating a bigger gap between actual and ideal body images resulting in dissatisfied, striving individuals to attain ideal body weight and shape. The current study is intended to explore the impact of closely related but discrete aspects of body image on disturbed eating attitudes among adolescents in Pakistan. Schools and universities were selected through convenient sampling, based on cross sectional research study involved 300 students of 15-20 years (M = 17.23, SD = 1.42) who completed the Eating Attitudes Test and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaires. Analyses revealed that the adolescents with disturbed eating attitudes had scored significantly more on cognitive and affective components of body image that is overweight preoccupation and dissatisfaction with their body parts when compared to adolescents with normal eating patterns. Findings of this study are consistent with the existing literature in western culture that suggests that Preoccupation with weight and shape and body dissatisfaction is a risk factor for disturbed eating attitudes among adolescents.

scholarly journals TEACHER SENSE OF EFFICACY, LOCUS OF CONTROL PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD EDUCATIONAL INNOVATIONS

2009 ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Haim-Henry Gaziel
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Educational Innovations ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Sense Of Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Organizational Patterns ◽  
Teachers Attitudes

The present study was designed in order to examine which factors; personality (sense of efficacy and locus of control)v/s organization patterns(SBM non-SBM), could be better explain teachers 'attitudes toward innovations in education. Based on previous studies it was expected that a positive correlation would find between strong sense of efficacy and positive attitudes toward innovations and vice versa and a positive correlation between internal locus of control and attitudes toward innovations and vice versa. It is also expected that teachers in SBM would report more positive attitudes than teachers in non-SBM schools. The study consisted of 120 teachers from 20 elementary schools in Israel. The subject requested to complete a background questionnaire, attitudes towards educational innovations, the teacher efficacy scale (TES) and the teacher locus of control scale (TLC), and the perceived school management pattern. While hypotheses regarding the personality factors effect were supported, the hypothesis regarding the organizational effect was rejected.

scholarly journals Overweight, Thinness, Body Self-Image and Eating Strategies of 2,121 Italian Teenagers.

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 812-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Guarino ◽  
Alberto Pellai ◽  
Luca Bassoli ◽  
Mario Cozzi ◽  
Maria Angela Di Sanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Body Self

This study describes the prevalence rate of overweight and thinness in a population of teens living in two different areas of Italy and explores the body self-image perception and unhealthy eating behaviours and strategies to lose weight. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 2,121 teenage students (1,084 males; 1,037 females). Results showed that teen females and males build and perceive their body images in very different ways. Most of the overall sample perceived their weight as normal, while a relevant 31.6% defined themselves as overweight and another 4.4% as heavily overweight. Analysis based on BMI (calculated through self-referred weight and height) showed that only 9.2% of our sample could be considered overweight and 1,7% obese. Most of female teen students (485 out of 1,037) were trying to lose weight, demonstrating that strategies to lose weight were undertaken also by girls perceiving themsleves as normal in relation to body weight; 46.8% girls were using strategies to lose weight compared with 21.9% boys. These strategies included very problematic behaviours like self-induced vomiting (3.3% F vs. 1.7% M) and dieting pills (2.8% F vs. 1.5% M) undertaken along with more usual thinning strategies like dieting and exercising. Girls were more prone than boys to exercise as a way to lose weight (41% vs. 31.7%). This study showed that there is a deep gap between actual weight and perceived body-image and weight. This study is one of the first of this kind in Italy and calls for primary prevention and health education programs aimed at improving teen body-image as a strategy to reduce the eating disorder epidemics spreading among young people.

Health Locus of Control of Physical Fitness-Program Participants

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle K. O'Connell ◽  
James H. Price
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Fitness Program ◽  
Multidimensional Health

A Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale was used to identify motivational differences between 89 participants, 27 dropouts, and 32 non-participants from a corporate physical fitness program. Results indicated more internality in program participants.

Body images among men and women of different ages

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER ÖBERG ◽  
LARS TORNSTAM
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Different Ages

The exterior territories, or surfaces, of the body have become symbols of the self in late modernity. People are increasingly overwhelmed with messages of youthful ideals: how to stay young or how to get old without signs of ageing. However, studies of the effects of these images on people's own experiences as they grow older seem to be lacking. The present paper reports an empirical study which focuses on body image for men and women of different ages. Four hypotheses, derived from social gerontological theories, are developed and tested against data: the female beauty hypothesis, the double marginality hypothesis, the ageing mask hypothesis and the ageless self hypothesis. The survey, undertaken by 2,002 Swedes, reveals a response pattern with basically positive body images that, for women, is increasingly positive with age. The results are, thus, in sharp contrast to the gerontophobic messages from consumer culture as well as contrary to some gerontological theories.

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