Memory Size Estimates of Playing Cards: The Effect of Manipulative Familiarity

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Predebon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Playing Card ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Memory Size ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Experimental Individual ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Actual Size ◽  
Familiar Objects

200 subjects estimated from memory the actual size of a playing card, rated their manipulative familiarity with cards, and estimated the elapsed-time period since they last handled cards. Size estimates were significantly greater than the card's actual size by about 14%; however, neither manipulative familiarity nor the elapsed-time period was significantly associated with estimates of size or with absolute errors of the size estimates. These findings are consistent with the claim that the reported variability in estimates of the distance of familiar objects, such as a playing card, viewed under otherwise reduced-cue conditions is unlikely to reflect extra-experimental individual differences in manipulative experience with cards.

scholarly journals Stability and Change in Diffusion Model Parameters over Two Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Mischa von Krause ◽  
Stefan T. Radev ◽  
Andreas Voss ◽  
Martin Quintus ◽  
Boris Egloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Speed Accuracy

In recent years, mathematical models of decision making, such as the diffusion model, have been endorsed in individual differences research. These models can disentangle different components of the decision process, like processing speed, speed–accuracy trade-offs, and duration of non-decisional processes. The diffusion model estimates individual parameters of cognitive process components, thus allowing the study of individual differences. These parameters are often assumed to show trait-like properties, that is, within-person stability across tasks and time. However, the assumption of temporal stability has so far been insufficiently investigated. With this work, we explore stability and change in diffusion model parameters by following over 270 participants across a time period of two years. We analysed four different aspects of stability and change: rank-order stability, mean-level change, individual differences in change, and profile stability. Diffusion model parameters showed strong rank-order stability and mean-level changes in processing speed and speed–accuracy trade-offs that could be attributed to practice effects. At the same time, people differed little in these patterns across time. In addition, profiles of individual diffusion model parameters proved to be stable over time. We discuss implications of these findings for the use of the diffusion model in individual differences research.

scholarly journals Family-building decision aid and planning tool for young adult women after cancer treatment: protocol for preliminary testing of a web-based decision support intervention in a single-arm pilot study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e033630
Author(s):  
Catherine Benedict ◽  
Jennifer S Ford ◽  
Lidia Schapira ◽  
Pamela Simon ◽  
David Spiegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Support Intervention ◽  
Decision Support Intervention ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Family Building ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
Size Estimates

IntroductionMany young adult female (YA-F) cancer survivors who received gonadotoxic therapy will experience fertility problems. After cancer, having a child will often require assisted reproductive technology (ART), surrogacy or adoption. However, there are significant informational, psychosocial, financial and logistical barriers to pursuing these options. Survivors report high rates of decision uncertainty and distress related to family-building decisions. The aim of this study is to pilot test a web-based decision aid and planning tool for family-building after cancer.Methods and analysisThe pilot study will use a single-arm trial design to test the feasibility and acceptability (aim 1) and obtain effect size estimates of the decision support intervention (aim 2). The target sample size is 100. Participants will include YA-F survivors (aged 18–45 years) who are post-treatment and have not completed desired family-building. A longitudinal prepost design will be conducted. Participants will complete three psychosocial assessment surveys over a 3-month time period to track decisional conflict (primary outcome) and cognitive, emotional, and behavioural functioning (secondary outcomes). After completing the baseline survey (T1; pre-intervention), participants will have access to the decision aid website. Postintervention surveys will be administered at 1-month (T2) and 3-month (T3) follow-up time points. Feasibility and acceptability metrics will be analysed. Pairwise t-tests will test mean scores of outcome variables from T1 to T2. Effect size estimates (Cohen’s d) will be calculated. Google analytics will evaluate user engagement with the website over the study period. Baseline and follow-up data will examine measures of feasibility, acceptability and intervention effect size.Ethics and disseminationThis will be the first test of a supportive intervention to guide YA-F cancer survivors in family-building decisions and early planning. Study findings will inform intervention development. Future directions will include a randomised controlled trial to test intervention efficacy over a longer time period.Trial registration numberNCT04059237; Pre-results.

Elapsed Time Period from Submission to First Decision

CORROSION ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
John R. Scully
Keyword(s):  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Time Period

scholarly journals Thermal properties of ruthenium alkylidene-polymerized dicyclopentadiene

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1469-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Vidavsky ◽  
Yotam Navon ◽  
Yakov Ginzburg ◽  
Moshe Gottlieb ◽  
N Gabriel Lemcoff
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Relaxation Mechanism ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Resting Period

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of ring opening methatesis polymerization (ROMP) derived polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) revealed an unexpected thermal behavior. A recurring exothermic signal can be observed in the DSC analysis after an elapsed time period. This exothermic signal was found to be proportional to the resting period and was accompanied by a constant increase in the glass-transition temperature. We hypothesize that a relaxation mechanism within the cross-linked scaffold, together with a long-lived stable ruthenium alkylidene species are responsible for the observed phenomenon.

Strip Extensiometry for Comparison of the Mechanical Response of Bovine, Rabbit, and Human Corneas

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hoeltzel ◽  
Peter Altman ◽  
Kurt Buzard ◽  
Kang-il Choe
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Nonlinear Stress ◽  
Tangent Moduli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percent Relative Humidity

Specimens of bovine, rabbit, and human corneas were systematically tested in uniaxial tension to experimentally determine their effective nonlinear stress-strain relations, and hysteresis. Cyclic tensile tests were performed over the physiologic load range of the cornea, up to a maximum of 10 percent strain beyond slack strain. Dimensional changes to corneal test specimens, due to varying laboratory environmental conditions, were also assessed. The measured stress-strain data was found to closely fit exponential power function relations typical of collagenous tissues when appropriate account was taken of specimen slack strain. These constitutive relations are very similar for rabbit, human and bovine corneas; there was no significant difference between the species after preconditioning by one cycle. The uniaxial stress strain curves for all species behave similarly in that their tangent moduli increase at high loads and decrease at low loads as a function of cycling. In the bovine and rabbit data, there is a general trend towards more elastic behavior from the first to second cycles, but there is little variation in these parameters from the second to third cycles. In comparison, the human data demonstrates relatively little change between cycles. Increases in width of corneal test specimens, up to a maximum of 2 percent were found to occur under 95 percent relative humidity test conditions over 10 minutes elapsed time test periods, while specimens which were exposed to normal laboratory conditions (45 percent RH) were found to shrink in width up to a maximum of 9.5 percent over the same elapsed time period. The thickness of the test specimens were observed to decrease by 3 percent in 95 percent relative humidity and by 12 percent in 45 percent relative humidity over the same elapsed time period.

Trajectories of Victimization From Early To Mid-Adolescence

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sullivan ◽  
Pamela Wilcox ◽  
Graham C. Ousey
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Growing Body

A rapidly growing body of criminological research focuses on longitudinal trajectories of offending, with the aim of exploring stability and change in antisocial behavior. A particularly intriguing debate within this area involves the issue of whether there are multiple classes of offenders defined by distinct longitudinal patterns of offending. Parallel research on criminal victimization, however, is lacking, with few studies exploring potential variation in individual trajectories of victimization. The current analysis uses data from a panel of nearly 4,000 adolescents observed across a 4-year period to address this question. The authors examined whether there are distinct classes of victimization trajectories across this time period. The analysis revealed four groups. Descriptive analyses for key correlates of victimization were then conducted to explore their potential correspondence with those of the observed victimization classes. The findings have implications for theory and empirical research regarding between-individual differences and intraindividual change in victimization.

scholarly journals Durability of giant hiatus hernia repair in 455 patients over 20 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Le Page ◽  
R Furtado ◽  
M Hayward ◽  
S Law ◽  
A Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiatus Hernia ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Barium Meal ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

IntroductionThe surgical management of symptomatic giant hiatus hernia (GHH) aims to improve quality of life (QoL) and reduce the risk of life threatening complications. Previous reports are predominantly those with small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. The present study sought to assess a large cohort of patients for recurrence and QoL over a longer time period.MethodsThis was a follow-up study of a prospectively collected database of 455 consecutive patients. Primary repair of GHH was evaluated by endoscopy/barium meal for recurrence and a standardised symptom questionnaire for QoL. Recurrence was assessed for size, elapsed time, oesophagitis and symptoms.ResultsObjective and subjective review was achieved in 91.9% and 68.6% of patients. The median age was 69 years (range: 15–93 years) and 64% were female. Laparoscopic repair was completed in 95% (mesh in 6% and Collis gastroplasty in 7%). The 30-day mortality rate was 0.9%. The proportion of patients alive at five and ten years were 90% and 75% respectively. Postoperative QoL scores improved from a mean of 95 to 111 (p<0.01) and were stable over time (112 at 10 years). The overall recurrence rate was 35.6% (149/418) at 42 months; this was 11.5% (48/418) for hernias >2cm and 24.2% (101/418) for <2cm. The rate of new recurrence at 0–1 years was 13.7% (>2cm = 3.4%, <2cm = 10.3%), at 1–5 years it was 30.8% (>2cm = 9.5%, <2cm = 21.3%), at 5–10 years it was 40.1% (>2cm = 13.8%, <2cm = 26.3%) and at over 10 years it was 50.0% (>2cm = 25.0%, <2cm = 25.0%). Recurrence was associated with oesophagitis but not decreased QoL. Revision surgery was required in 4.8% of cases (14.8% with recurrence). There were no interval major GHH complications.ConclusionsSurgery has provided sustained QoL improvements irrespective of recurrence. Recurrence occurred progressively over ten years and may predispose to oesophagitis.

Perceived Size and Distance of Familiar Objects

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter C. Gogel ◽  
Henry W. Mertens
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Retinal Size ◽  
Familiar Size ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Playing Card ◽  
Moving Stimuli ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Familiar Objects

The relation between the perceived size and distance of a playing card and its retinal size was studied using both stationary and moving stimuli. A distinction between absolute and relative familiar size cues was supported by the experimental results in that successive judgments of the distance of different retinal sizes of the cards were not predictable solely from cues of absolute retinal size. The data from both the stationary and moving stimuli suggest, however, that the perceived distance of the initial presentations resulting from the absolute size cue provides a metric for the distance perceptions resulting from cues of relative size. As indicated by the results from the initial presentations, the absolute size cue to distance from familiar objects in this study was a highly variable determiner of perceived distance.

Getting Away With Murder: Homicide Clearance by Arrest in Chicago and Its Community Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 108876792094156
Author(s):  
Joseph Ferrandino
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Homicide Clearance ◽  
Over Time

This work explores the decline in murder clearances through arrest in Chicago from 1965 through 2015, specifically focusing on the most recent time period since 2001. The findings suggest that clearance by arrest has decreased significantly, that elapsed time is a limited factor in clearing more murders through arrest and that factors associated with clearance by arrest in Chicago have changed over time. These results lead to a discussion on the missing variance that cannot explain murder clearance by arrest as well as future research areas that can explore why many murderers in Chicago are increasingly escaping the justice system.

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