Neuropsychological Profiles of Adults Who Report “Sudden Remembering” of Early Childhood Memories: Implications for Claims of Sex Abuse and Alien Visitation/Abduction Experiences

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
New Age ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Sex Abuse ◽  
Alien Abduction ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Age Religion

Six adults, who had recently experienced sudden recall of preschool memories of sex abuse or alien abduction/visitation, were given complete neuropsychological assessments. All experiences “emerged” when hypnosis was utilized within a context of sex abuse or New Age religion and were followed by reduction in anxiety. As a group, these subjects displayed significant ( T > 70) elevations of childhood imaginings, complex partial epileptic-like signs, and suggestibility. Neuropsychological data indicated right frontotemporal anomalies and reduced access to the right parietal lobe. MMPI profiles were normal. The results support the hypothesis that enhanced imagery due to temporal lobe lability within specific contexts can facilitate the creation of memories; they are strengthened further if there is also reduction in anxiety.

Post-Stimulation Effect of Electroacupuncture at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 on cerebral functional regions in healthy volunteers: A resting functional MRI study

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Shanshan Qu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Limin Liu ◽  
Guanzhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Limbic Lobe ◽  
The Right

Objective The aim of the present work was to observe the activation/deactivation of cerebral functional regions after electroacupuncture (EA) at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 by functional MRI (fMRI). Design A total of 12 healthy volunteers were stimulated by EA at Yintang and GV20 for 30 min. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before EA, and at 5 and 15 min after needle removal. Statistical parametric mapping was used to preprocess initial data, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were analysed. Results ReHo at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the left temporal lobe and cerebellum and decreases in the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right precuneus. At 15 min post stimulation, ReHo showed increases in the left fusiform gyrus; lingual gyrus; middle temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; limbic lobe; cingulate gyrus; paracentral lobule; cerebellum, posterior lobe, declive; right cuneus and cerebellum, anterior lobe, culmen. It also showed decreases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and right cingulate gyrus. ALFF at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the right temporal lobe, but decreases in the right limbic lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. At 15 min post stimulation ALFF showed increases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, but decreases in the left frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions After EA stimulation at Yintang and GV20, which are associated with psychiatric disorder treatments, changes were localised in the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum. Changes were higher in number and intensity at 15 min than at 5 min after needle removal, demonstrating lasting and strong after-effects of EA on cerebral functional regions.

scholarly journals Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (189) ◽  
pp. 272-274
Author(s):  
Kalyan Paudel ◽  
Anand Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome refers to atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere (hemiatrophy) due to an insult to the brain in fetal or early childhood period. This is an uncommon condition. We present a case of a nine month- old female presented with seizure and weakness of the right upper and lower extremities and subsequently computed tomography was performed and showed hemiatrophy of the left fronto-parietal lobe with degenerative changes in the left cerebral peduncle. Keywords: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome; hemiatrophy; hemiplegia.

scholarly journals Right Superior Temporal Gyrus Altered Functional Activity in Patients With Definite Vestibular Migraine

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yang ◽  
Zhe-Yuan Li ◽  
Li-Hong Si ◽  
Bo Shen ◽  
Xia Ling
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Abstract The study aimed to investigate resting-state functional brain activity alterations in patients with definite vestibular migraine (dVM). Seventeen patients with dVM, 8 patients with migraine, 17 health controls (HCs) were recruited. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to observe the changes in spontaneous brain activity. Then brain regions with altered fALFF were selected for seed-based functional connectivity analysis. Compared with HCs, VM patients showed significantly increased ALFF values in the right temporal lobe (Cluster size = 91 voxels, P=0.002, FWE corrected), and significantly increased ReHo values in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) (Cluster size = 136 voxels, P=0.013, FWE corrected). Compared with patients with migraine, patients with VM showed significantly increased fALFF values in the right parietal lobe (Cluster size = 43 voxels, P=0.011, FWE corrected) and right frontal lobe (Cluster size =36 voxels, P=0.026, FWE corrected), significantly increased ReHo values in the right thalamus (Cluster size = 92 voxels, P=0.043, FWE corrected). Our findings documented that patients with VM showed enhanced spontaneous functional activity in the right temporal lobe (STG, MTG, and ITG) compared with HCs, and increased spontaneous activity in the right parietal lobe-frontal lobe-thalamus compared with patients with migraine. Patients with VM and migraine both had altered brain function, but the regions involved are different.

scholarly journals Insular and Hippocampal Connectivity Is Associated With Perceived Financial Exploitation in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 515-515
Author(s):  
Gali Weissberger ◽  
Laura Mosqueda ◽  
Annie Nguyen ◽  
Jenna Axelrod ◽  
Patricia Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Financial Exploitation ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cognitively Intact ◽  
Left Insula

Abstract Little is known about the neural correlates of financial exploitation (FE) in older adults. Cognitively-intact older adults who self-reported a history of FE (N=19; M age=69.84, SD=13.06) and demographically-matched non-FE older adults (N=16; M age=65.13, SD=8.48) underwent resting-state fMRI. Predefined regions of interest were prescribed using the Harvard-Oxford atlas for their involvement in tasks of economic decision making: insula, hippocampus, and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Analyses adjusted for age, education, sex, and MoCA scores; groups did not differ on these factors. Clusters were FDR-corrected with a threshold of p<0.05 (voxel threshold p<0.005), two-tailed. Compared to the non-FE group, the FE group exhibited greater functional connectivity (FC) between the right insula and left temporal lobe regions (t(29)= -4.81), and between the left insula and right temporal lobe regions (t(29)= -5.78). The FE group showed less FC between the left insula and two clusters in the right lateral occipital cortex (t(29)= 5.18) and left cerebellum (t(29)= 4.68). Additionally, FE was associated with greater FC between the right hippocampus and five clusters spanning the right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal pole (ts(29)= -4.11 to -4.51), and less FC between the right hippocampus and three clusters spanning the bilateral caudate and the left intracalcarine cortex (ts(29)= 4.76-6.03). Groups did not differ in FC patterns with the mPFC. Results suggest that FE is associated with whole-brain FC differences involving the insula and hippocampus among cognitively-intact older adults.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

Neural Underpinnings of Numerical and Spatial Cognition: An fMRI Meta-Analysis of Brain Regions Associated with Symbolic Number, Arithmetic, and Mental Rotation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Hawes ◽  
H Moriah Sokolowski ◽  
Chuka Bosah Ononye ◽  
Daniel Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Number Representation ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right ◽  
Symbolic Number

Where and under what conditions do spatial and numerical skills converge and diverge in the brain? To address this question, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain regions associated with basic symbolic number processing, arithmetic, and mental rotation. We used Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) to construct quantitative meta-analytic maps synthesizing results from 86 neuroimaging papers (~ 30 studies/cognitive process). All three cognitive processes were found to activate bilateral parietal regions in and around the intraparietal sulcus (IPS); a finding consistent with shared processing accounts. Numerical and arithmetic processing were associated with overlap in the left angular gyrus, whereas mental rotation and arithmetic both showed activity in the middle frontal gyri. These patterns suggest regions of cortex potentially more specialized for symbolic number representation and domain-general mental manipulation, respectively. Additionally, arithmetic was associated with unique activity throughout the fronto-parietal network and mental rotation was associated with unique activity in the right superior parietal lobe. Overall, these results provide new insights into the intersection of numerical and spatial thought in the human brain.

Identification of a Pathogenic PSEN1 Ala285Val Mutation Associated with Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Van Giau Vo ◽  
Jung-Min Pyun ◽  
Eva Bagyinszky ◽  
Seong S.A. An ◽  
Sang Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

Background: Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) was suggested as the most common causative gene of early onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods: Patient who presented progressive memory decline in her 40s was enrolled in this study. A broad battery of neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging was applied to make the diagnosis. Genetic tests were performed in the patient to evaluate possible mutations using whole exome sequencing. The pathogenic nature of missense mutation and its 3D protein structure prediction were performed by in silico prediction programs. Results: A pathogenic mutation in PSEN1 (NM_000021.3: c.1027T>C p.Ala285Val), which was found in a Korean EOAD patient. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed mild left temporal lobe atrophy. Hypometabolism appeared through 18F-fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) scanning in bilateral temporal and parietal lobe, and 18F-Florbetaben-PET (FBB-PET) showed increased amyloid deposition in bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal lobe and hence presumed preclinical AD. Protein modeling showed that the p.Ala285Val is located in the random coil region and could result in extra stress in this region, resulting in the replacement of an alanine residue with a valine. This prediction was confirmed previous in vitro studies that the p.Trp165Cys resulted in an elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in both COS-1 and HEK293 cell lines compared that of wild-type control. Conclusion: Together, the clinical characteristics and the effect of the mutation would facilitate our understanding of PSEN1 in AD pathogenesis for the disease diagnosis and treatment. Future in vivo study is needed to evaluate the role of PSEN1 p.Ala285Val mutation in AD progression.

Emotion Recognition Deficits in Psychiatric Disorders as a Target of Non-invasive Neuromodulation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942199168
Author(s):  
Yuji Yamada ◽  
Takuma Inagawa ◽  
Naotsugu Hirabayashi ◽  
Tomiki Sumiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
The Right ◽  
English Articles

Background. Social cognition deficits are a core feature of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and mood disorder, and deteriorate the functionality of patients. However, no definite strategy has been established to treat social cognition (eg, emotion recognition) impairments in these illnesses. Here, we provide a systematic review of the literature regarding transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of social cognition deficits in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Methods. A literature search was conducted on English articles identified by PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, according to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. We defined the inclusion criteria as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs), (2) targeting patients with psychiatric disorders (included in F20-F39 of the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems [ICD-10]), (3) evaluating the effect of tDCS or rTMS, (4) reporting at least one standardized social cognition test. Results. Five papers (3 articles on tDCS and 2 articles on rTMS) met the inclusion criteria which deal with schizophrenia or depression. The significant effects of tDCS or rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the emotion recognition domain were reported in patients with schizophrenia or depression. In addition, rTMS on the right inferior parietal lobe was shown to ameliorate social perception impairments of schizophrenia. Conclusions. tDCS and rTMS may enhance some domains of social cognition in patients with psychiatric disorders. Further research is warranted to identify optimal parameters to maximize the cognitive benefits of these neuromodulation methods.

scholarly journals Is Lateropulsion Really Related with a Specific Lesion of the Brain?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Kyoung Lee ◽  
Sang Yoo ◽  
Eun Ji ◽  
Woo Hwang ◽  
Yeun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

Lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) is an important barrier to standing and gait after stroke. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and lateropulsion, the effects of specific brain lesions on the development of lateropulsion remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of stroke lesion location and size on lateropulsion in right hemisphere stroke patients. The present retrospective cross-sectional observational study assessed 50 right hemisphere stroke patients. Lateropulsion was diagnosed and evaluated using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP). Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis with 3T-MRI was used to identify the culprit lesion for SCP. We also performed VLSM controlling for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, in a multivariate model that also controlled for other factors contributing to pusher behavior. VLSM, combined with statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM), identified the specific region with SCP. Lesion size was associated with lateropulsion. The precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and subgyral parietal lobe of the right hemisphere seemed to be associated with the lateropulsion; however, after adjusting for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, no lesion areas were associated with the SCP scores. The size of the right hemisphere lesion was the only factor most strongly associated with lateropulsion in patients with stroke. These results may be useful for planning rehabilitation strategies of restoring vertical posture and understanding the pathophysiology of lateropulsion in stroke patients.

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