Cognitive Complexity and Categorization of Stimulus Objects Being Judged

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-966
Author(s):  
Greg Wilkins ◽  
Franz Epting
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Stimulus Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Affective Stimulus

Cognitive complexity and the categorization of stimulus objects being judged was examined. Previous research indicated that these stimulus objects could be analyzed in terms of two distinct subgroups with reference to social distance. The cognitive complexity scores assigned to 10 stimulus objects by 82 Ss were subjected to a principal factor analysis. Since the largest two factors extracted did not have appropriate content and left a large proportion of the total score variance unaccounted for, it was concluded that these role models could not be categorized into two distinct subgroups upon the basis of affective stimulus value. Future research should consider the significance of the individual stimulus objects being judged.

Cognitive Complexity as a Function of the Significance of the Stimulus Objects being Judged

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1203-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Miller ◽  
James Bieri
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Significant Difference

The question was raised as to whether cognitive complexity (CC) would vary as a function of the stimulus objects being judged. REP Test protocols of 126 Ss were analyzed in terms of two clusters of role models that differed in regard to their social distance from the judge. A significant difference in CC was found; socially distant people were differentiated more complexly than socially close people. The results were interpreted within the context of a “vigilance” hypothesis wherein complex differentiation serves an adaptive function in terms of anticipating the behavior of more remote and possibly more threatening persons.

Preliminary Report on the Accountability Scale: A Change and Outcome Measure for Intimate Partner Violence Research

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela M. Costa ◽  
Brittany Canady ◽  
Julia C. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Factors

The current study investigated the reliability of a new self-report questionnaire assessing accountability for the perpetration of intimate partner violence. The Accountability Scale (AS) is a brief, Likert-type measure designed to assess the degree to which perpetrators acknowledge and accept responsibility for their violent actions. In Study #1, an exploratory factor analysis on a clinical sample revealed two factors: Acknowledging Harm and Internalizing Responsibility. In Study #2, the factor structure was replicated on a community sample using confirmatory factor analysis, revealing an 11-item solution. Factor 1 was related to readiness to change but negatively related to social desirability, suggesting convergent and discriminant validity of that subscale. Factor 2 was negatively related to Factor 1 in the community sample, calling into question the construct of accountability. Preliminary evidence suggests that the AS shows promise as a brief and reliable tool to assess forms of accountability. Future research will examine if the two factors of accountability function as mechanisms of change and outcome measures in intimate partner violence intervention research.

Use of the Beck Anxiety Inventory with Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatients

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Steer ◽  
Geetha Kumar ◽  
William F. Ranieri ◽  
Aaron T. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Principal Factor Analysis ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Adolescent Inpatients

The Beck Anxiety Inventory was administered to 105 outpatients between 13 and 17 years old who were diagnosed with various types of psychiatric disorders. A principal factor analysis was performed, and two factors were found representing subjective and somatic symptoms of anxiety. The item compositions of these factors were comparable to those previously described for adolescent inpatients. The results are discussed as supporting the use of the inventory for evaluating self-reported anxiety in outpatient adolescents.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards severe mental illness and social distance: A survey of volunteer befrienders in Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Toner ◽  
Karin Fabisch ◽  
Stefan Priebe ◽  
Gϋnter Klug
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Professional Contexts ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Research suggests there is a propensity for people in the general population to distance themselves from people with severe mental illness (SMI), which reportedly decreases with increased contact with individuals with SMI. Volunteer befrienders in the mental health sector have ongoing contact with this population, yet little data exist to reflect their attitudes towards people with SMI. Method: A questionnaire was distributed to all volunteer befrienders for people with SMI within volunteering programmes organised in five Austrian regions. A vignette described an individual with SMI and was followed by questions assessing willingness to interact with this person in personal or professional contexts. Social distance scores, calculated based on responses to attitude items, were used as the dependent variable in regression analyses. Independent variables included participant characteristics, experience of family/friends with mental illness, time spent befriending and satisfaction with the relationship. Results: Questionnaires were completed and returned by 360 volunteers (54.0%). A minority would allow someone with SMI to look after their children (6.2%), while most volunteers positively endorsed other personal interactions such as having the individual marry into their family (67.8%) or become a neighbour (99.7%). Social distance ( M = 2.5, standard deviation [ SD] = 1.16) was not associated with any independent variables. Conclusions: Volunteers had a lower desire for social distance from individuals with SMI as compared to findings from the general population. Future research may establish whether lower social distance is part of the motivation to volunteer as a befriender to people with severe mental illness or develops over time in that role or both.

The Development of Measures of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Changes in Job Behaviours Related to Quality Management in Health Care

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Orthogonal Rotation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Two Factors

A study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals in Canada for the purpose of developing instruments to measure organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) and changes in job behaviours that occur as a result of participation on hospital quality improvement (CQI) teams. Semi structured interviews were conducted among 52 hospital employees in order to elicit critical incidents of OCB and changes in job behaviours related to CQI. The results of the staff interviews were used to develop a measure of OCB in the hospital setting, and a measure of changes in job behaviours related to CQI. 39 employees, who were drawn from the major departments within the two hospitals on the basis of their membership on CQI teams, participated in a test of the psychometric properties of the two research instruments. Exploratory factor analysis, employing an orthogonal rotation, yielded two factors that accounted for 30% of the variation among the OCB items. The Cronbach alpha for items loading highly on the first factor was .88. The factor was labelled ‘OCB directed towards individuals within the organization’. This factor was dominated by items reflecting the kinds of extra-role job behaviours employees engage in to assist patients, family members, visitors, and other employees within the organization. The Cronbach alpha for items loading highly on the second factor was 0.71. The second factor was labelled ‘organizationally directed OCB’, and consisted of behaviours that reflected an impersonal form of OCB in the hospital setting. Factor analysis, employing an orthogonal rotation, yielded four factors that accounted for 48% of the variation among the items measuring changes in job behaviours related to CQI. The four factors were labelled ‘problem-solving’, Cronbach alpha 0.82; ‘customer awareness’, Cronbach alpha 0.79; ‘use of CQI knowledge’, Cronbach alpha 0.77; and ‘organizational interests’, Cronbach alpha 0.79. The two OCB factors were moderately correlated, there were no significant correlations among any of the factors measuring changes in job behaviours related to CQI, and the problem-solving job behaviours factor was moderately correlated with the two OCB factors. Directions for future research are discussed.

Validating the Beck Battery of Quad Rugby Skill Tests

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu B. Yilla ◽  
Claudine Sherrill
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

The purpose was to develop a valid and reliable battery of quad rugby skill tests. Participants were 65 adult, male, quad rugby athletes. Content validity was established in two modified Delphi rounds by a panel of international experts. For concurrent validity, Spearman rho correlations between coaches’ rankings of players’ skills and scores ranged from .63 to .98 for the total battery. For construct validity, principal factor analysis with oblique rotation revealed two factors. Intraclass reliability coefficients ranged from .94 to .99. The battery includes five tests: maneuverability with the ball, pass for accuracy, picking, sprinting, and pass for distance.

Comparison of Unitary and Multidimensional Models of the Whiteley Index in a Nonclinical Sample: Implications for Understanding and Assessing Health Anxiety

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon J. R. Asmundson ◽  
Nicholas R. Carleton ◽  
Candice V. Bovell ◽  
Steven Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Item Content ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Health anxiety is an important but poorly assessed phenomenon. Manifesting along a continuum, health anxiety is the result of a catastrophic appraisal of somatic sensations and changes as indicative of disease. The Whiteley Index (WI) is one of the most widely used self-report measures for assessing health anxiety both for research and for clinical practice. It generally exhibits excellent and robust psychometric properties for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity; however, both its item content and its factor structure are matters of debate. Moreover, the measure has rarely been assessed in nonclinical samples. For the present study, a sample of 300 participants from the University of Regina completed the WI. If the latent dimensions identified in factor analysis represent etiologic mechanisms, then the elucidation of the WI’s factor structure may enhance our understanding of health anxiety. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine a robust and reliable item content and factor structure, resulting in a six-item two-factor structure that was invariant across gender. The two factors were denoted Somatic Symptoms/Bodily Preoccupation and Disease Worry/Phobia. Previous factor structure solutions were compared to the factor structure derived from this study by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The newly established item content and factor structure resulted in acceptable fit indices that were statistically superior to those found using the previous factor structure solutions. Implications and directions for assessment of health anxiety and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Adaptation of the Bulgarian Version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (Short Form) for Adults and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
O.Y. Strizhitskaya ◽  
M.D. Petrash ◽  
I.R. Murtazina ◽  
G.A. Vartanyan ◽  
F.S. Manevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors

This study aims to adapt and validate the Bulgarian version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale on adults and older adults. We present the results of the psychometric assessment of the questionnaire on a sample of adults aged 35—75 (N=332; Mage=49.45; SD=11.17). Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors: two factors were identical to the first two sub-scales, the third sub-scale split into two separate factors. Reliability of the new sub-scales was assessed with Cronbach’s α coefficient that showed high levels of reliability for the general scale (α=0.875) and for all four sub-scales (α ranged from 0.843 to 0.873). Confirmatory factor analysis proved the four-factor structure of the adapted scale. The convergent validity of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale was proved by correlation analysis with the Differential Questionnaire of Loneliness Experience. Our study yielded the adequate psychometric characteristics of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for adults and older adults in Russia. In future research, we plan to increase the sample to standardize the scores for the scales.

scholarly journals Can the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale be adapted for use in the context of osteoarthritis with general practitioners and physiotherapists?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel William O'Brien ◽  
Sandra Bassett ◽  
Valerie Wright St Clair ◽  
Richard Siegert
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Principal Factor Analysis ◽  
Pain Beliefs

Abstract Background: Conservative, first-line treatments (exercise, education and weight-loss if appropriate) for hip and knee joint osteoarthritis are underused despite the known benefits. Clinicians’ beliefs can affect the advice and education given to patients, in turn, this can influence the uptake of treatment. In New Zealand, most conservative OA management is prescribed by general practitioners (GPs; primary care physicians) and physiotherapists. Few questionnaires have been designed to measure GPs’ and physiotherapists’ osteoarthritis-related health, illness and treatment beliefs. This study aimed to identify if a questionnaire about low back pain beliefs, the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT), can be adapted to assess GP and physiotherapists’ beliefs about osteoarthritis. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional observational design. Data were collected anonymously from GPs and physiotherapists using an online survey. The survey included a study-specific demographic and occupational characteristics questionnaire and the PABS-PT questionnaire adapted for osteoarthritis. All data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and the PABS-PT data underwent principal factor analysis. Results: In total, 295 clinicians (87 GPs, 208 physiotherapists) participated in this study. The principal factor analysis identified two factors or subscales (categorised as biomedical and behavioural), with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and 0.44, respectively. Conclusions: The biomedical subscale of the PABS-PT appears appropriate for adaptation for use in the context of osteoarthritis, but the low internal consistency of the behavioural subscale suggests this subscale is not currently suitable. Future research should consider the inclusion of additional items to the behavioural subscale to improve internal consistency or look to develop a new, osteoarthritis-specific questionnaire.

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