Effect of Group Composition on Group Process: Homogeneity vs Heterogeneity on Task and People Dimensions

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1195-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Seltzer ◽  
Ralph H. Kilmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Conflict Communication

An experimental study was designed to test whether task composition, people composition, or their interaction affected various aspects of group process, e.g., satisfaction, influence, conflict, communication, etc. Each composition variable was varied according to homogeneous or heterogeneous characteristics resulting in a 2 × 2 design. 18 groups of 5 persons each were distributed in the 4 cells and responded to a decision-making task. The results indicate a significant interaction effect between task and people composition, suggesting that the effect of each on group process is dependent on the state of the other, although task composition had the dominant impact in this study.

scholarly journals Consistency in diagnostic suggestions does not influence the tendency to accept them

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e98-e106
Author(s):  
Kees Van den Berge ◽  
Silvia Mamede ◽  
Tamara Van Gog ◽  
Jan Van Saase ◽  
Remy Rikers
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Evaluation Score ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Studies suggest that residents tend to accept diagnostic suggestions, which could lead to diagnostic errors if the suggestion is incorrect. Those studies did not take into account that physicians in clinical practice will mainly encounter correct suggestions. The present study investigated residents’ diagnostic performance if they would first encounter a number of correct suggestions followed by a number of incorrect suggestions, and vice versa. It was hypothesized that more incorrect suggestions would be accepted if participants had first evaluated a series of correct suggestions. Method: Residents (n = 38) evaluated suggested diagnoses on eight written clinical cases. Half of the participants first evaluated four correct suggestions and then evaluated four incorrect suggestions (C/I-condition). The other half started with the four incorrect suggestions followed by the correct suggestions (I/C-condition). Results: Our findings show that the evaluation score in the C/I condition (M = 2.87, MSE = 0.14) equaled that in the I/C condition (M = 2.66, MSE = 0.14), F(1,36) = 1.09, p = 0.30, ns, meaning that consistency in preceding suggested diagnoses did not influence the tendency to accept subsequent diagnostic suggestions. There was, however, a significant interaction effect between case order and phase, F(1,36) = 11.82, p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.25, demonstrating that the score on cases with correct suggestions was higher than the score on cases with incorrect suggestions. Conclusion: These findings indicate that consistency in preceding correct or incorrect diagnostic suggestions did not influence the tendency to accept or reject subsequent suggestions. However, overall residents still showed a tendency to accept diagnostic suggestions, which may lead to diagnostic errors if the suggestion is incorrect.

scholarly journals Feeling of Insecurity anf Tolerance level of University Students

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIPLOB KUMAR DEY
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Private University ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Public University ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Level Scale

The purpose of the present study was to explore whether there is any relation between insecurity feeling and tolerance level of university students. The Bangla version of Insecurity Questionnaire and Tolerance level scale were used. Results showed that mean of private university students showed more insecurity than public university students; 1st year student had more insecurity than 2nd year to 4th year and Ms students. A significant interaction effect was found between types of university and study year and types of university and types of family and according to insecurity feeling. On the other hand, mean of public university was more than private university; Ms student had more tolerance level than 1st year and 2nd year to 4th year students. A significant interaction effect was found between types of university and study year according to tolerance level. Finally, result also showed significant negative correlation between insecurity and tolerance level.

scholarly journals Tanggap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Biwa terhadap Berbagai Perbandingan Dosis Pupuk N, P, dan K

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz H Silalahi ◽  
Agustina E Marpaung ◽  
Rariska Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Randomized Block Design

<p>Buah biwa (Eriobotrya japonica) sangat baik untuk kesehatan tubuh dan dapaat digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat-obatan. Budidaya tanaman biwa di tingkat petani saat ini masih bersifat tradisional, sehingga produksinya masih rendah dan belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Salah satu penyebabnya ialah keterbatasan informasi mengenai penggunaan pupuk yang efektif dan efisien pada pembudidayaannya. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk N, P, dan K pada tanaman biwa. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Tanaman Buah Berastagi dengan ketinggian tempat 1.340 m dpl., dengan jenis tanah Andisol, yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2006. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan  acak kelompok pola faktorial dengan dua ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas tiga faktor yakni : N (0, 180, dan 360 kg/ha), P (0 dan 36 kg/ha), dan K (0, 180, dan 360 kg/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya  interaksi NxP dan NxK terhadap pertambahan tinggi tanaman pada umur 6 dan 8 bulan setelah pemberian pupuk pertama.Tidak ada interaksi NxP yang nyata terhadap pertambahan diameter batang, namun ada interaksi NxK yang nyata terhadap pertambahan diameter batang pada umur 4, 6, dan 8 bulan setelah pemberian pupuk pertama. Taraf dosis pupuk N:P:K (360:36:180) kg/ha menghasilkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman biwa (tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, serta jumlah tunas) yang lebih baik dari perlakuan lainnya. Hasil analisis daun biwa memperlihatkan bahwa kandungan hara N, P, dan K   terbesar dalam daun yang ditemukan pada perlakuan dosis pupuk N:P:K (360:36:180) kg/ha. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai pedoman pemupukan pada budidaya biwa.</p><p> </p><p>Loquat fruits is very good for human health. Furthermore, it can be used as the raw material for some medicines. Until now the loquat cultivataion is still traditionally practiced by farmers, so its production is still very low and can not fulfill consumers demand. One of the reasons is that the information of effective and efficient fertilization is not available. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of  N, P, and K fertilizers on the growth of loquat. The research was conducted at Berastagi Experimental Fruit Farm, at altitude of 1,340 m asl, with  Andisol soil type, on January to December 2006. A randomized block design was used with two replications. The research consisted of 18 treatments combination with three factors i.e. N (0, 180, and 360 kg/ha), P (0 and 36 kg/ha), and K (0, 180, and 360 kg/ha). The results showed that there were significant interaction effects of NxP and NxK to plant height on 6 and 8 months after the first fertilizer application. The significant interaction effect of NxK was also stem diameter on 4, 6, and 8 months after the first fertilizer application. The  dosage of N:P:K (360:36:180 kg/ha) exhibited better vegetative growth of loquat (plants height, stem diameter, and number of shoots) compared to other treatments. The analysis of loquat leaves indicaated that the content of N, P, and K nutrients on leaves was higher on the fertilizer dosage of N:P:K = 360:36:180 kg/ha  compared to the other fertilizer treatments.Implication of the research is to guide fertilizing on loquat cultivation.</p>

Baanonzekerheid tijdens een herstructurering: samenhangen met vitaliteit en emotionele uitputting

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele De Cuyper ◽  
Yasmin Handaja ◽  
Hans De Witte
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Service Organization ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
The Future

Job insecurity during a restructuring: associations with engagement and emotional exhaustion Job insecurity during a restructuring: associations with engagement and emotional exhaustion N. De Cuyper, Y. Handaja & H. De Witte, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 21, June 2008, nr. 2, pp. 97-112 The present study aims to investigate subjective and objective job insecurity in relation to well-being (engagement and emotional exhaustion). Subjective job insecurity concerns employees' perceptions of uncertainty with regard to the future of one's present job. Objective job insecurity relates to one's position in the downsizing process: workers are objectively secure when they are informed about dismissal ('victims') or guaranteed a position in the company ('survivors'). They are objectively insecure when the decision about possible dismissal is pending. We hypothesize that subjective and objective job insecurity are positively related, and that both forms of job insecurity are negatively related to well-being. Furthermore, we explore interactions between subjective and objective job insecurity in relation to well-being. Hypotheses are tested among 129 employees who are employed in a Belgian service organization that was in the midst of a downsizing process. The results show no clear relationship between subjective and objective job insecurity. Subjective job insecurity is related to poor well-being, but objective job insecurity is not. Finally, we find a significant interaction effect for emotional exhaustion: subjective job insecurity was particularly harmful for survivors, while it did not seem to affect the other groups.

scholarly journals Child-to-Parent Violence, Peer Victimization and Cybervictimization in Spanish Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9360
Author(s):  
Paula López-Martínez ◽  
David Montero-Montero ◽  
David Moreno-Ruiz ◽  
Belén Martínez-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Socialization ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between child-to-parent violence (CPV) (high, moderate and low), peer victimization (PV) (relational and overt, both physical and verbal) and cybervictimization (CV) (relational and overt), taking into account the role of sex. 1304 adolescents (53.14% girls) between the ages of 11 and 18 enrolled at secondary schools in the Autonomous Communities of Valencia, Aragón and Andalusia participated in the study. Adolescents with high CPV scores obtained higher scores for all types of PV and CV compared to the other CPV groups. Boys scored higher than girls in overt physical PV and in overt CV and girls obtained higher scores in relational PV. A statistically significant interaction effect was observed; boys with high CPV scores reported greater overt CV. The results suggest the importance of CPV in relation to specific forms of PV and CV and highlight the need to take into account the different processes of family socialization between boys and girls to reduce the likelihood of adolescents being victimized.

Seksuele objectivering in een vampierenromance

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vandenbosch ◽  
Eline Frison ◽  
Steven Eggermont
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Objectification Theory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Objectification ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Self Objectification

Sexual objectification in a vampire romance: An experimental study towards the effect of the movie Twilight on self-objectification among adolescent girls Sexual objectification in a vampire romance: An experimental study towards the effect of the movie Twilight on self-objectification among adolescent girls The present study investigates whether self-objectification is induced by exposure to a popular, but sexually objectifying teenage movie (i.e. Twilight). To test this hypothesis, an experiment in 70 adolescent girls (Mage = 15,07, SDage = 1,51) was conducted. Results showed, first, a significant effect of the Twilight movie on self-objectification. Girls who had been exposed to Twilight reported a higher level of self-objectification in the posttest compared to the pretest and to the control group. Second, a significant interaction effect of exposure to Twilight and strong identification with the main character was found. Findings are discussed in light of objectification theory.

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

Family environment of eating disordered patients with and without self-injurious behaviors

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Walter Vandereycken ◽  
Hans Vertommen
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Family Context ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family

AbstractObjective.– The family environment is known to be an important contributor to the course of psychiatric disorders. In this study, we examined the family context of eating disordered (ED) patients with and without self-injurious behaviors (SIB).Method.– A Dutch adaptation of the Family Environment Scale ‘Sci Eng 57(9-B):1997;5927’ was completed by 131 ED patients of whom 47% showed at least one form of SIB (e.g., cutting, burning, hair pulling, etc.).Results– Results showed a significant difference in family environment between patients with and without SIB. The family environment of self-injuring ED patients was less cohesive, expressive and socially oriented, and more conflictual and disorganized than the family environment of those without SIB. No significant differences in perceived family environment were found with respect to the number or form of SIB and the subtype of ED. Neither did we find a significant interaction effect between ED subtype and presence/absence of SIB.

scholarly journals PERFECCIONISMO INFANTIL: DIFERENCIAS EN FUNCIÓN DEL SEXO Y LA EDAD

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Vicent ◽  
M. P. Aparicio Flores ◽  
Cándido J. Inglés ◽  
Mª Isabel Gómez-Núñez ◽  
Aitana Fernández-Sogorb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

Abstract. CHILD PERFECTIONISM: DIFFERENCES ACROSS SEX AND AGE The aim of this study was to analyze the sex and age differences in the levels of child perfectionism, considering the dimensions: Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP), Self-Oriented Perfectionism Criticism (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism Strivings (SOP-S). The sample was composed by 804 Primary Education students from Spain, aged between 8 and 11 years old (Mage = 9.57; SD = 1.12). The Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale was used to assess the perfectionist dimensions. The results of the variance analysis revealed statistically significant differences in favor of males for SOP-C and SOP-S dimensions. However, these differences had no practical relevance because their associated magnitude (d index) were below .20. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed across age for perfectionist dimensions. Moreover, a significant interaction effect (sex x age) was not found.Keywords: child perfectionism, sex, age, Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, Primary Education.Resumen.El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar las diferencias en función del sexo y la edad en los niveles de perfeccionismo infantil, atendiendo a las dimensiones: Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito (PSP), Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado Críticas (PAO-C) y Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado Esfuerzos (PAO-E). La muestra se compuso de 804 alumnos españoles de Educación Primaria con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 11 años (Medad = 9.57; SD = 1.12). Las dimensiones perfeccionistas fueron evaluadas a través de la versión española de la Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale. Los resultados del análisis de varianza revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en favor de los varones para las dimensiones PAO-C y PAO-E. Sin embargo, dichas diferencias carecieron de relevancia práctica puesto que la magnitud asociada (índice d) fue inferior a .20. Similarmente, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función de la edad para ninguna de las dimensiones perfeccionistas ni se encontró un efecto de interacción (sexo x edad) significativo.Palabras clave: perfeccionismo infantil, sexo, edad, Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, Educación Primaria

Personality and Students’ Knowledge about Ecosystem Related to Environmental Behavior of Grade XI Senior High School Students at SMA N 112, West Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Agus Ramdani
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Senior High School Students

The objective of this research is to find out the effect of Personality (P) and knowledge students about ecosystem (KS) on environmental behaviour (EB). An expost facto method has been used by selecting 8 sample for each cell. Reliability of P was  .964, KS was .937 and EB was .95. Data analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Research results revealed that there was environmental behaviour significant difference between those students who have most extraversion personality compared to introversion personality. Moreover, there was significant interaction effect between personality and knowledge students about ecosystem on environmental behaviour. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document