Behavioral Study of Two Patient Groups during Psychotherapy

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude T. H. Friedmann ◽  
Douglas Schiebel ◽  
Michael T. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Behavioral Study ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Psychotherapy Groups

Two psychotherapy groups of patients with personality disorders were observed for 12 sessions using direct observation techniques. 13 behaviors occurred with differing frequency between the two groups, resulting in a behavioral profile consistent with the diagnostic categories. The study is a first step in an attempt to create a replicable method and data base for measuring behavioral effects of therapeutic interventions.

Comorbidity of dsm-iii-r personality disorders in schizophrenic and unipolar mood disorders: a comparative study

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 316-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Oulis ◽  
L Lykouras ◽  
J Hatzimanolis ◽  
V Tomaras
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Patient Groups

SummaryWe investigated the overall prevalence and the differential comorbidity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R personality disorders in 166 remitted or recovered patients with schizophrenic (n = 102) or unipolar mood disorder (n = 64). Over 60% of both patient groups met the DSM-III-R criteria of at least one DSM-III-R personality disorder as assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-II-R), receiving on average 3.1 personality diagnoses. Neither DSM-III-R categories of personality disorders, nor scores on its three clusters A, B and C, nor total score on SCID-II-R differed significantly across the two groups. In conclusion, DSM-III-R personality disorders, although highly prevalent in schizophrenic and unipolar mood disorders, lack any specificity with respect to these categories of mental disorders.

Neonatal Mortality Risk for the Eighties: The Importance of Birth Weight/Gestational Age Groups

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Alistair G. S. Philip ◽  
George A. Little ◽  
Denise R. Polivy ◽  
Jerold F. Lucey
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
The Sixties

Since 1976 a computerized data base has been used to store information on babies admitted to two intensive care nurseries serving the Vermont/New Hampshire region. The data base now allows reporting "neonatal" mortality by birth weight/gestational age (BW/GA) groupings for 1976-1979. For all BW/GA groups, except the most immature infants, there has been marked improvement compared to data gathered in the sixties (ie, mortality has decreased). These data are probably applicable to most other centers providing neonatal intensive care. The use of BW/GA categories provides the most reliable way of objectively comparing statistics from one center to another. Differences between two centers were observed when birth weight specific rates were used, but were largely abolished by using BW/GA groups. Data gathered in this way will be increasingly important for comparisons between centers and across years and when evaluating the effectiveness of new therapeutic interventions.

Dominance Hierarchies in Psychotherapy Groups

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Kennedy ◽  
K. Roy MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Human Group ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Group Behaviour ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Psychotherapy Groups ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms

For a social group to develop, two opposing adaptive processes must be reconciled—mechanisms for developing cohesion and mechanisms for establishing a dominance hierarchy. The formation of stable groups provides significant evolutionary advantages: a source of protection, increased reproductive opportunities, and a larger store of survival strategies than any one individual could encompass. A recent theory of human evolution (Reynolds, 1981) stresses that social behaviour would seem to be the most likely single cause of the origin of human intelligence, if one origin must be isolated. Current interest in the biological basis of behaviour has been focused particularly on specific diagnostic categories and biochemical mechanisms. This paper reviews a different research tradition, based on ethological principles, and applies the findings to an understanding of human group behaviour.

scholarly journals The “Burden” of Malignancy in a Tertiary Hospital Intensive Cardiovascular Care Unit

Cardiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Israel Mazin ◽  
Shlomi Matetzky ◽  
Linor Shemer ◽  
Dana Fourey ◽  
Paul Fefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Care

Objectives: During the past decade, the most common causes of mortality and morbidity were cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. The aim of the current study was to describe the incidence, course of admission, and short-term (30-day) prognosis of patients with and without malignancy, admitted to a tertiary center intensive cardiovascular care unit (ICCU). Methods: A prospective observational study of 2,259 patients admitted to the ICCU was conducted between January 2014 and December 2015. Patients with malignancies (n = 256) were divided into 2 groups: those with solid and those with homogenous tumors. Results: The time of diagnosis was categorized into 3 patient groups: recent (<6 months), 59 patients (23%); late (6-24 months), 49 patients (19%), and very late (>24 months), 148 patients (58%). Those with a history of malignancy were older (73 ± 12 vs. 64 ± 15, p < 0.001) and were more likely to be female (p = 0.002). After using a multivariate logistic regression model analysis, no differences were found in therapeutic interventions and clinical outcomes, including major bleeding and acute renal failure, between patients with and without malignancies. Conclusions: Patients with a malignancy comprised about 10% of the entire ICCU population. While mortality was independently associated with advanced age, renal failure, and a diagnosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction, malignancy alone was not found to be independently associated with a higher mortality rate at 30 days of follow-up.

scholarly journals Comparison of alternative models for personality disorders, II: 6-, 8- and 10-year follow-up

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Morey ◽  
C. J. Hopwood ◽  
J. C. Markowitz ◽  
J. G. Gunderson ◽  
C. M. Grilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Characteristic Features

BackgroundSeveral conceptual models have been considered for the assessment of personality pathology in DSM-5. This study sought to extend our previous findings to compare the long-term predictive validity of three such models: the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP), and DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs).MethodAn inception cohort from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study (CLPS) was followed for 10 years. Baseline data were used to predict long-term outcomes, including functioning, Axis I psychopathology, and medication use.ResultsEach model was significantly valid, predicting a host of important clinical outcomes. Lower-order elements of the FFM system were not more valid than higher-order factors, and DSM-IV diagnostic categories were less valid than dimensional symptom counts. Approaches that integrate normative traits and personality pathology proved to be most predictive, as the SNAP, a system that integrates normal and pathological traits, generally showed the largest validity coefficients overall, and the DSM-IV PD syndromes and FFM traits tended to provide substantial incremental information relative to one another.ConclusionsDSM-5 PD assessment should involve an integration of personality traits with characteristic features of PDs.

The schema mode model for personality disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
E. Fassbinder ◽  
U. Schweiger ◽  
G. Jacob ◽  
A. Arntz
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Behavioral Techniques ◽  
Present Mode

SummarySchema therapy (ST) based on the schema mode approach is currently one of the major developments in the treatment of personality disorders (PD). ST is a transdiagnostic approach, but also provides disorder-specific models for most PDs. The mode model gives a clear structure for the development of an individual case conceptualization, in which all current symptoms and interpersonal problems of the patient and the connection with their biographical context can be accommodated. The therapeutic interventions are adapted to the present mode in the specific situation. In addition to cognitive and behavioral techniques there is a special focus on experiential techniques (especially chair dialogues and imagery rescripting) and on specific features of the therapeutic relationship (‘limited reparenting’). This paper provides an overview of the theoretical background and practical application of schema mode-based ST for PDs. An individual case conceptualization and the therapeutic techniques are illustrated with a case example of a patient with histrionic PD.

Diagnostic Moderators of the Risk-Recidivism Relationship for Offenders with Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2096994
Author(s):  
William Amory Carr ◽  
Amy Nicole Baker ◽  
James J. Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Marital Problems ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Personality Disturbance ◽  
Offenders With Mental Illness

Recent research suggests that early onset of criminality is a potential marker for a subgroup of offenders with mental illness (OMI) for whom general risk/need factors are more relevant. The present study examines whether the presence of certain psychiatric diagnostic categories (i.e., Psychotic Disorders, Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, Substance use Disorders) moderates the prediction of arrest outcomes using Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) total scores in an archival sample of N = 179 OMI probationers. Moderator analyses demonstrated that LSI-R total scores predicted arrest outcomes significantly better for those with a diagnosis of Personality Disorder using path and survival analytic methods. Hierarchical regressions using LSI-R subscales as predictors revealed lower pro-criminal Attitudes for Mood Disordered participants, while more severe Criminal History and Family/Marital problems characterized those diagnosed with Personality Disorders. This study adds to the developing literature on subgroups of OMI for whom general risk/need factors are particularly important and highlights personality disturbance as another potential characterizing feature.

scholarly journals Aggressive and Disruptive Behavior Among Psychiatric Patients With Major Depressive Disorder, Schizophrenia, or Alcohol Dependency and the Effect of Depression and Self-Esteem on Aggression

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fritz ◽  
Riad Shenar ◽  
Lizbeth Cardenas-Morales ◽  
Markus Jäger ◽  
Judith Streb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Alcohol Dependency ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Aggressive and disruptive behavior in inpatient settings poses a serious challenge for clinical staff and fellow patients. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify different aspects of aggressive and disruptive behavior in the context of an aberrant self-esteem or clinically manifested depression as potentially influencing factors. We collected self-reported data from 282 psychiatric patients [ICD-10 diagnoses for alcohol dependency, schizophrenia or major depressive disorder (MDD)] and compared it to healthy norm groups. As expected, all three patient groups scored higher in the aggression questionnaires than the norm group. Specifically, patients with MDD exhibited significantly higher externally directed aggression, reactive aggression, and irritability compared to controls. Patients with schizophrenia displayed higher irritability, while all three groups showed distinctly higher self-aggressiveness than healthy persons. We found a lower inhibition of aggression in alcohol dependent subjects compared to both the patient groups and the norm sample. Yet, the higher the self-esteem among alcohol dependent and MDD patients, the lower were their aggression scores; similarly, a lower self-esteem among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia resulted in heighten self-aggressiveness. Thus, our data suggests that therapeutic interventions for strengthening self-esteem in patients with a diagnosis of MDD, alcohol dependency or schizophrenia could reduce certain aspects of aggressive behavior. Therefore, it seems conceivable that strengthening self-esteem in psychiatric patients could contribute to the prevention of violence in clinical practice.

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