Relative Influence of Birth Cohort and Social-Event Cohort in Adult Development: An Exploratory Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 627-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Occupational Cohort

The generic definition of cohort, i.e., an aggregate of individuals who experience a similar event within the same time interval, is invoked to derive two cohort-membership groups for each of two samples. Subjects were 1203 and 998 white, middle-aged males who participated in the Institute for Social Research panel study of income dynamics. This exploratory study investigated the relative explanatory power of birth-cohort membership, occupational-cohort membership, and occupational status for a set of four social psychological dependent variables. Occupational-cohort membership was one of the two stronger contributors to the explanation of the variance for each of the dependent variables.

Psychological Aging and the Cohort of Reference

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-282
Author(s):  
R. A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Event ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Reference Cohort

The concept of reference cohort, in which the level of an individual's identification is established for a given social event and then associated with the cohort defined around that event, is described. An occupational reference cohort is derived and compared, in terms of explanatory power, to birth cohort and occupational status for a set of four social psychological dependent variables. Preliminary tests of its usefulness for developmental research are suggestive but inconclusive.

scholarly journals The long tail of language change: A trend and panel study of Québécois French futures

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-275
Author(s):  
Gillian Sankoff ◽  
Suzanne Evans Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Age Grading

AbstractA previous panel study of 59 speakers of Montreal French showed an increase in inflected futures (IF) at the expense of periphrastic futures (PF) as this population aged, running counter to the direction of historical change: reduction of IF. Matching two samples of speakers across the same time interval by age and social characteristics, the current trend study investigates whether or not this increase reflects retrograde change in the speech community. Results show community stability over the same period, confirming the earlier age grading interpretation and disconfirming any possibility that the disappearance of IF may be reversing. We propose that this pattern of retrograde lifespan change may emerge from a combination of social forces typically found in late stages of language change, with concomitant stylistic effect. Further, such a pattern may suggest the mechanism that creates a very long tail for retreating variants.

scholarly journals Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
F. B. Kampmann ◽  
L. G. Grunnet ◽  
T. I. Halldorsson ◽  
A. A. Bjerregaard ◽  
C. Granstrøm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Danish National Birth Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractIndividuals born small have an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Altered food preferences in these subjects seem to play a role; however, limited evidence is available on the association between being born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at term and food intake in adolescence. Alterations in leptin, ghrelin and dopamine levels are suggested mechanisms linking SGA with later food intake. From a large prospective Danish National Birth Cohort, we compared dietary intake of adolescents being born SGA with normal-for-gestational-age (NGA) adolescents. Intake of foods and nutrients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in a subsample of 15,607 14-year-old individuals born at term. SGA was defined by birth weight (BW) <10th percentile (n = 1470) and NGA as BW between 10 and 90th percentile (n = 14,137) according to sex and gestational age-specific BW standard curves. Girls born SGA had a 7% (95% CI: 3–12%, P = 0.002) higher intake of added sugar and a 2–8% lower intake of dietary fibre, vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total n−6, compared with NGA girls (P < 0.05). Adjusting for parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking and diet in pregnancy did not substantially change the differences in dietary intake, except from dietary fibre, which were no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in dietary intake between SGA and NGA boys were found. In summary, girls born SGA had an unfavourable dietary intake compared with NGA girls. These differences persisted after controlling for potential confounders, thus supporting a fetal programming effect on dietary intake in girls born SGA at term. However, residual confounding by other factors operating early in childhood cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals The effects of strengths coaching program on strengths self efficacy, positive affect, self efficacy, job engagement and organizational commitment based on Korean employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-246
Author(s):  
Hyaeyeong Seon ◽  
Suyeon Kim ◽  
Miae Lee ◽  
Jinkook Tak
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Dependent Variables

This study was designed to examine the effects of strengths coaching program on strengths self efficacy, positive affect, self efficacy, work engagement, and organizational commitment based on Korean employees. Participants were 43 Korean employees, 21 for the experiment group and 22 for the control group. Data were collected across three times(pre, post, follow-up). To measure overall effects, strengths self efficacy, positive affect, self efficacy, work engagement and organizational commitment were measured. Results showed that there were significant interaction effects between time interval and groups for all the dependent variables, confirming the effects of the coaching program. Also, there were non significant effects of time interval(post and follow-up) for all the dependent variables, confirming the duration of the program effect across time. Finally, implications and limitations of the study were discussed.

scholarly journals Reticulate Nummulites (N. fabianii Linage) and Age of the Pellatispira-Beds of the Drazinda Formation, Sulaiman Range, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozcan E
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Evolutionary Scheme ◽  
Weak Surface

The Eocene shallow marine Pellatispira-beds in the upper part of the Drazinda Formation represent the latest phase of Cenozoic Tethyan marine deposition in the Sulaiman Range, West Pakistan. The unit consists of stratigraphically important taxa as Heterostegina,Silvestriella, Pellatispira, a new Baculogypsina (possibly ancestral to modern Baculogypsina) and reticulate Nummulites implying a latest middle to late Eocene (late Bartonian-Priabonian) age. A more precise age of the unit requires the biometric study of reticulate Nummulites, the evolutionary scheme of which is better known from the peri-Mediterranean region in the Tethys. This group, which was subdivided into a series of successive chrono-species based on the biometry of inner cross-diameter of proloculus and changes in the types of granulation/reticulation on the test surface in the late Eocene-late Oligocene interval, appears to have a significant biostratigraphic potential for a high-resolution biostratigraphy in the peri-Mediterranean region (Western Tethys). The reticulate Nummulites in two samples from Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir, ZP22 and RNB10, were studied and compared with those from the peri-Mediterranean region. The isolated specimens have a weak surface granulation externally, a distinct small umbonal granule (pile) and typical reticulation. The samples ZP22 and RNB10 from Zinda Pir and and Rakhi Nala sections have an average inner cross diameter of proloculus of 152.0 and 153.0 μm respectively. The reticulate Nummulites in both samples are assigned to N. hormoensis, a chrono-species characteristic for the shallow benthic zone (SBZ 18), referable to latest Bartonian-early Priabonian time interval. Since Heterostegina in peri-Mediterranean region and in Pakistan belongs to different lineages, a correlation of N. hormoensis in the studied samples with the wellestablished evolutionary scheme of Heterostegina reticulata and H.armenica lineages from the Western Tethys was not possible.

Firm-specific internal determinants of profitability performance: an exploratory study of selected life insurance firms in Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozaimah Zainudin ◽  
Nurul Shahnaz Ahmad Mahdzan ◽  
Ee Shan Leong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Insurance Firms

Purpose This study is an exploratory study investigating firm-specific internal factors that influence the profitability performance of selected life insurance firms in eight Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia) from 2008-2014. This paper aims to focus on internal rather than external factors based on the resource-based view suggesting that the internal resources of a firm are key to gaining competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach The authors used panel data estimation model to test our six hypotheses on these eight selected countries for the period between 2008 and 2014. Findings A random effect model reveals that size, volume of capital and underwriting risk are significantly related to the profitability of Asian life insurance firm, measured as return on assets. Premium growth, asset tangibility and liquidity are insignificant predictors of the profitability performance of these life insurance firms. Practical implications Three implications of this study are that life insurance firms need to proactively tap new business opportunities by attracting younger generation customers via e-marketing technologies; secure larger capital base to finance their market expansion strategies; and focus on intangible resources such as goodwill, brand equity and reputation. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by conducting an exploratory regional-based panel study of Asian life insurance firms to find common factors that contribute towards profitability. The study is conducted on a collective sample of Asian life insurance firms based on the premise that the firms included in the sample engage in cross-border activities and share the same international financial reporting standards. These commonalities allow us to treat the firms jointly in a somewhat similar Asian macroeconomic environment.

Electronic Tax Filing

2013 ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Viveka Ramoo ◽  
T. Ramayah ◽  
May-Chiun Lo ◽  
Teoh Ai Ping
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Tax Filing

Governments are seeking to benefit from information technology by incorporating various government services online for the benefits of the citizen. The Malaysian government as part of its Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) project introduced e-filing in 2006, which is the process of filing taxes using the Internet as one of the e-government services. This is an exploratory study to model the determinants of intention to use an Internet tax filing system. The authors used 4 variables as predictors or intention to use which were perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and facilitating condition. Data was collected from 100 respondents using non probability purposive sampling via a structured questionnaire. As hypothesized, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and facilitating condition were positively related to intention to use. The findings show that perceived usefulness has the strongest influence on intention to use (ß = 0.341), followed by perceived ease of use (ß = 0.278) and facilitating condition (ß = 0.234). As hypothesized, perceived risk was negatively related (ß =-0.223) to intention to use indicating that users are concerned by the risk involved in filing taxes online. The regression results show that the four variables can explain 52.2% of the variation in intention to use which indicates good explanatory power. Understanding these factors can extend the knowledge, which can lead to better planning and implementation of e-Filing in Malaysia.

Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Trust: An Exploratory Study

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Vondracek ◽  
Marilyn J. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Target Person ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Junior Author ◽  
Trust Scale

The Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale and a Self-disclosure Questionnaire developed by the junior author were administered to two samples of college students. In the first sample ( N = 54) self-disclosure to a specific target person was related to Interpersonal Trust; in the second sample ( N = 52) it was attempted to tap a more generalized concept of revealingness and to relate it to Interpersonal Trust. Failure to demonstrate the hypothesized relationships is discussed with reference to unsatisfactory conceptualization of the major concepts and their relation to one another, and possible weaknesses in the measurement procedures.

scholarly journals Indicators of Achievement in EFL Classes at a Taiwanese University

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Brent Allan Kelsen ◽  
Hsin-yi Liang
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Dependent Variables

Understanding the factors that contribute to student success is crucial for educators. This study estimated the indicators of success in the context of student achievement in university EFL courses in Taiwan. Data was collected from two classes of sophomore students and various student assessment aspects served as dependent variables: overall final grade, final exam score, oral test performance, and scores received on the listening, reading, and writing sections of the final exam. Explanatory variables included: years of English study, gender, part-time work, total hours studying English, participation in English-taught program, English language aptitude, first language ability, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, language anxiety, attendance, reading English for pleasure, and socioeconomic status. Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated and stepwise multiple regression analyses identified selections of variables that explained the dependent variables. Multiple regressions using the selected variables suggested that hours spent studying English, participation in the English taught program, first language ability, attendance and reading for pleasure were the most significant indicators of achievement. All models provided statistically significant moderate to strong explanatory power. Finally, this paper offers pedagogical considerations based on the results, as well as suggestions for future research.

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