Relationship between Using Conceptual Comprehension of Academic Material and Thinking Abstractly about Global Life Issues

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida S. Westman ◽  
Raymond L. Kamoo
Keyword(s):  
Learning Style ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Elaborative Processing ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Denial Of Death ◽  
Style Indices

The study explored whether more frequent use of conceptual comprehension of academic material generalized to greater use of abstract thinking about global life issues, such as death, goal in life, marriage, AIDS, etc. Undergraduate and graduate students (28 men and 61 women) voluntarily completed a questionnaire which assessed their conceptualizations using three indices. These were an intelligence scale and two learning style indices, namely, Deep Processing and Elaborative Processing of R. R. Schmeck. Also assessed were their levels of abstract thinking about Death Issues and about Other Real Life Issues, and their Denial of Death and their Denial of Dying. All three indices of conceptualization correlated with thinking more abstractly about Other Real Life Issues, but only Elaborative Processing correlated with thinking more abstractly about Death Issues. None of the three indices correlated with Denial of Death or Denial of Dying. It appears conceptualization skills were selectively generalized.

Epistemological Exploration: Generalization of Learning Styles and Analytical Skills between Academic and Religious Materials

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida S. Westman ◽  
Nicholas A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Elaborative Processing ◽  
Analytical Skills

Among 139 students (mean age 21.8, SD = 3.5), use of Schmeck's Deep Processing learning style (looking for conceptual understanding) on academic materials correlated modestly with its use on religious materials. The same was true for Elaborative Processing (looking for associations and applications). Both Deep and Elaborative Processing of academic materials correlated with better Analytical Skills. Only Elaborative Processing of religious materials correlated with Religiousness. Religiousness correlated with poorer Analytical Skills on academic materials and with a more Concrete Divine Concept; however, specific religious affiliation made a difference. Our understanding of the role of contents of materials and characteristics of learners on the types of learning strategies used and competence with cognitive skills is still very limited.

Learning Styles are Content Specific and Probably Influenced by Content Areas Studied

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 512-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida S. Westman
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Content Area ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
California Psychological Inventory ◽  
Content Areas ◽  
Elaborative Processing ◽  
Psychological Inventory

To investigate whether use of a learning style depends on content area, 67 seniors in college were given Schmeck's Deep and Elaborative Processing scales, the Repression-Sensitization Scale, and the Flexibility scale of the California Psychological Inventory. Scores on both the Deep and Elaborative Processing scales correlated with those on the Repression-Sensitization Scale and not with those on the Flexibility scale. Learning style depends on content area. Study of foreign languages correlated with Deep Processing, and this suggests that further study of development and change in learning styles might concentrate on this and possibly other content areas.

scholarly journals Investigating students’ use of official statistical data

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-342
Author(s):  
Constanța Mihăescu ◽  
Adrian Oţoiu ◽  
Alina Profiroiu ◽  
Ileana Niculescu-Aron
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Applied Statistics ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Statistical Education ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Official Data

Abstract This paper presents the perceptions of social science students about the use of official statistical data, in the context of active learning of Statistics, and other topics related to Applied Statistics. In order to make these courses more attractive, and to challenge and stimulate statistical education, our students work on projects in which they use official statistical data to explore practical, real-life issues. Their attitudes and perceptions regarding official statistical data sources are very important, both for acquisition of statistical analysis skills, essential for their future professional life, and for improvement of the official data sources. Therefore, we conducted a custom-made survey among students from Romanian higher education institutions (HEIs) and gathered a database with 334 responses, which allowed us to identify the main characteristics, problems and solutions concerning the use of statistical official data sources by university students.

scholarly journals To use or not to use corticosteroids for pneumonia? A clinician’s perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Confalonieri ◽  
M. Kodric ◽  
M. Santagiuliana ◽  
C. Longo ◽  
M. Biolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Infection Surveillance ◽  
Rebound Phenomenon ◽  
Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Robust Evidence ◽  
H1n1 Virus Infection

The use of corticosteroids in the management of pneumonia is still a controversial issue. The physicians in daily clinical practice often use corticosteroids in patients with pneumonia for different reasons all over the world. As an example of real life is the frequent use of corticosteroids to treat patients with pneumonia due to H1N1 pandemic influenza in spite of WHO’ statements that clearly discouraged this therapy. In fact, the literature up to august 2012 reported a total of 6,650 patients with pneumonia due to H1N1 virus infection (of whom 2,515 were ICU patients): corticosteroids were used with various dose regimen in 2404 patients (37.8%). The attitude of international guidelines on pneumonia in using steroids do not help the clinician to clearly choice when and how to treat pneumonia with steroids. However, stress doses of corticosteroids are suggested by some major guidelines on community-acquired pneumonia in case of severe episodes with sepsis. To date, there are 10 randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of corticosteroids for community-acquired pneumonia globally involving 1090 participants . Most of the trials adopted stress doses of glucorticoids for 4-7 days. The evidence from these trials taken separately is weak due to limitations of the studies themselves, but a Cochrane review and a systematic review found benefit using prolonged low doses of glucocorticoids in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Moreover, such a strategy decreases vasopressor dependency and appears to be safe. Nevertheless, larger trials with more patients and clinically important end-points were claimed to provide robust evidence. Finally, infection surveillance is critical in patients treated with corticosteroids, and to prevent the rebound phenomenon, the drug should be weaned slowly.

scholarly journals Exploring the Implementation of a Legal AI Bot for Sustainable Development in Legal Advisory Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juin-Hao Ho ◽  
Gwo-Guang Lee ◽  
Ming-Tsang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Decision Making Model

This study explores the implementation of legal artificial intelligence (AI) robot issues for sustainable development related to legal advisory institutions. While a legal advisory AI Bot using the unique arithmetic method of AI offers rules of convenient legal definitions, it has not been established whether users are ready to use one at legal advisory institutions. This study applies the MCDM (multicriteria decision-making) model DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory)-based Analytical Network Process (ANP) with a modified VIKOR, to explore user behavior on the implementation of a legal AI bot. We first apply DEMATEL-based ANP, called influence weightings of DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP), to set up the complex adoption strategies via systematics and then to employ an M-VIKOR method to determine how to reduce any performance gaps between the ideal values and the existing situation. Lastly, we conduct an empirical case to show the efficacy and usefulness of this recommended integrated MCDM model. The findings are useful for identifying the priorities to be considered in the implementation of a legal AI bot and the issues related to enhancing its implementation process. Moreover, this research offers an understanding of users’ behaviors and their actual needs regarding a legal AI bot at legal advisory institutions. This research obtains the following results: (1) It effectively assembles a decision network of technical improvements and applications of a legal AI bot at legal advisory institutions and explains the feedbacks and interdependences of aspects/factors in real-life issues. (2) It describes how to vary effective results from the current alternative performances and situations into ideal values in order to fit the existing environments at legal advisory institutions with legal AI bot implementation.

Fusing Culturally Responsive Teaching, Place Conscious Education, and Problem-Based Learning With Mobile Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nykela H. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Responsive Teaching ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Responsive Teaching ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Life Issues

Students must be provided meaningful learning opportunities to employ content through active learning opportunities that capitalize their interests (mobile technologies), fuse real life issues (problems that they face in school or local community), and sustain their curiosity (creative learning experiences). Using mobile technologies for culturally responsive, problem based learning is a powerful and unique way to prepare students for the four C's: critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity. This chapter provides theoretical and practical support of the innovative impact of using mobile technologies in student selected, problem focused learning.

scholarly journals Speaker Identification in Whisper

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Foulkes ◽  
India Smith ◽  
Márton Sóskuthy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Speaker Identification ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
A Performance

Sociophonetic methods and findings have value in application to real-life issues, including providing expert forensic evidence in legal cases. Forensic cases often involve voices which differ markedly from those typically encountered in laboratory or field studies. We assess the ability of people to identify familiar voices produced in whisper, a commonly used form of disguise. Members of a pre-existing social network were recorded speaking normally and in whisper. Speakers found it difficult to maintain whisper beyond 30 seconds. They and other members of the group listened to extracts that were (i) short and whispered, (ii) long and whispered, and (iii) short and normal (non-whispered). Foils were also included. Performance was well above chance, and improved significantly in conditions (ii) and (iii). Differences were found across listeners and voices. The study emphasises how important is it not to overgeneralise from experimental data to a witness’s ability under forensic conditions.********************************************************************Identificação de falante a partir de fala sussurradaResumo: Os métodos e achados sociofonéticos são valiosos para aplicação a questões da vida real, como no fornecimento de evidência forense pericial em casos legais. Os casos forenses envolvem vozes que se diferem marcadamente daquelas tipicamente encontradas em laboratório ou estudos de campo. Avaliamos a habilidade de pessoas de identificar vozes familiares produzidas de forma sussurrada, uma estratégia de disfarce comumente utilizada. Membros de uma rede social pré-existente foram gravados falando normalmente e de forma sussurrada. Os falantes consideraram difícil manter o sussurro por mais do que 30 segundos. Esses falantes e outros membros do grupo ouviram trechos que foram (i) curtos e sussurrados; (ii) longos e sussurrados e (iii) curtos e normais (não sussurrados). Distratores foram incluídos. A performance foi bem acima do acaso e melhorou significativamente nas condições (ii) e (iii). Diferenças foram encontradas entre falantes e vozes. O estudo enfatiza o quanto é importante não supergeneralizar a partir de dados experimentais quanto à habilidade da testemunha sob condições forenses.Palavras-chave: Sociofonética; Fonética Forense; Sussurro

Relationships between Learning Styles and Solutions Based on Analogies or Background Knowledge

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Wautier ◽  
Alida S. Westman
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Elaborative Processing

100 students completed Schmeck's Inventory of Learning Processes and tried to solve a medical problem after reading one or two analogies, first before and again after a hint to consider the stories just read. Two analogies made it more likely that those emphasizing Deep Processing (concept formation) would apply the analogies, but two analogies were usually not enough for those emphasizing Elaborative Processing (association) or Fact Retention. The hint helped, especially after two analogies. Students who used more Deep or Elaborative Processing also were more likely to devise solutions from their background knowledge and indicate interest in learning a greater variety of information than those relying on retention of fact.

Innovative, creative VARK learning styles improvement strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Ezzat Tabatabei
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Improvement Strategies ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Mental Abilities

Learning styles are different ways of understanding information. There are a lot of models and theories about learning styles one of which is the learning styles of VARK_ Visual, Audio, Read/Write, Kinaesthetic. Learners may have diverse mental abilities, affective orientations, motivations, and perseverance, but they can all use productive creative strategies. Also, significant research indicates that student self-disclosure plays an important role in the learning experience and producing positive learning outcomes. If student’s self-disclosure is based on their learning style, best results can be achieved. The main purpose of this article is to explain a scheme for improving the process of learning. In deeper learning uses their knowledge and skills in a way that prepare students for real life. So student self-disclosure with using senses according to VARK learning style leads to a deeper learning.   Key words: learning styles VARK; self-disclosure; deeper learning; learning style

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