Re-Examining the Role of Interscholastic Sport Participation in Education

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1447-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenong Yin ◽  
Justin B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Interscholastic Sport ◽  
Drop Out Rate

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships of interscholastic sports participation with locus of control, self-concept, cognitive test scores, and school dropout in adolescents via a secondary analysis of National Educational Longitudinal Study 1988 (NELS:88). Subjects were 1,883 students who completed all measurements in 8th grade (1988), at Follow-up 1 (10th, 1990), and Follow-up 2 (12th, 1992). Scales utilized to measure locus of control, self-concept, and cognitive ability were developed by the National Center for Educational Statistics. Dropout was assessed through school records and contact with participants. At baseline and Follow-up 1, students self-reporting sport participation displayed higher self-concept and locus of control; however, these differences were no longer observed at Follow-up 2. Drop-out rate for boys at Follow-up 2 was significantly lower for students reporting interscholastic sport participation at baseline or at Follow-up 1. Similarly, drop-out rate for girls at Follow-up 2 was significantly lower for students reporting interscholastic sport participation at baseline or at Follow-up 1. These findings support the presumed positive role of sport participation for adolescents in American schools.

scholarly journals The role of word frequencies in detecting unfamiliar terms and their effect on response quality

Psihologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Slavec ◽  
Vasja Vehovar
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Exchange Students ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
The University

Research into cognitive aspects of survey response has indicated unfamiliar terms as one of the psycholinguistic determinants of question comprehensibility problems. In this paper the estimates of wording familiarity based on text corpora for the English and Slovenian languages were used to detect potentially incomprehensible wordings in two web survey questionnaires for international exchange students at the University of Ljubljana, one for incoming (English) and the other for outgoing students (Slovenian). Two versions of the questionnaire were developed for each language, one with low-frequency (complex) and the other with high-frequency (improved) wordings, and compared in a split-ballot experiment. The results show a lower drop-out rate and a decreased subjective perception of difficulty for the improved language versions.

scholarly journals Interruzione del trattamento nei pazienti con schizofrenia che ricevono olanzapina o aripiprazolo: metanalisi degli studi clinici controllati

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Benedetta Santarlasci ◽  
Giovanni Biricolti ◽  
Cecilia Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Therapy Discontinuation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Number Of Patients

BACKGROUND: In schizophrenia the drop-out rate can be used as proxy of effectiveness. The drop-out evaluation is also important considering the relevant economic impact for NHS of an antipsychotic therapy discontinuation in terms of patient hospitalization and other related healthcare resources consumption. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences in the rates of drop-out from clinical trials between olanzapine and aripiprazole. METHODS: Literature search was based on MEDLINE, on Iowa-IDIS and Drugdex databases (1966-Dec 2004). Analysis included 12 randomized controlled trials (3.778 patients), 8 for olanzapine (2.559 patients) and 4 for aripiprazole (1.219 patients). RCT inclusion criteria were: a) Patients affected by schizophrenia; b) Randomized assignment to olanzapine or aripiprazole treatment group; c) Number of patients included in the treatment group higher than 100; d) Drop-out frequency evaluation between 4th and 26th weeks of follow-up. RESULTS: The rate of treatment discontinuation was greater for aripiprazole than for olanzapine (42,2% vs. 31,6% respectively). The comparison between drop-out percentages is statistically significant (p

Life After Capo

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Clair C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Short History ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Of 508 patients trained for CAPD during the first five years, 115 (22.6%) were transferred to an alternative dialysis modality. Of these 87% were transferred to centre dialysis programs, equally divided between hemodialysis and intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Advanced age favoured transfer to intermittent peritoneal dialysis and failure due to peritonitis, transfer to hemodialysis. Three year survival after transfer from CAPD was 38%. The presence of diabetes and advanced age adversely affected survival after transfer. Dialysis modality and peritonitis as the cause of CAPD failure did not affect survival. Other treatment options are available to patients who fail CAPD. A relatively high drop-out is therefore acceptable and preferable to continuing CAPD in patients encountering complications which might ultimately influence their survival. Since its introduction in Toronto in 1977, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has achieved increasing prominence in the management of end-stage renal disease. Throughout its comparatively short history, one of the major criticisms of this technique has been the relatively high drop-out rate. This report provides a follow-up of patients transferred from CAPD to alternative dialysis modalities.

scholarly journals Prevalence of drop-out from organised extracurricular sports and associations with body fat percentage during childhood and adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000751
Author(s):  
Stewart A Vella ◽  
Matthew J Schweickle ◽  
Jordan T Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Potential Health

ObjectivesThis paper aimed to report the prevalence of drop-out from organised sports between the ages of 10 and 14 years, and to examine potential associated detriments to levels of body fat.MethodsAll data were drawn from waves 4–6 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Participants’ sport participation was parent reported and body fat percentage was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A total of 4159 participants had sports participation data at age 10 years (M=10.32 years, SD=4.68).ResultsFrom 3013 sport participants at age 10 years, 29.7% (n=894) had dropped out of sports at age 12 years. Of 2016 sport participants at age 12 years, 33.3% (n=705) had dropped out of sports by the age of 14 years. There were no differences in body fat percentage at any age according to differences in sport participation behaviours.ConclusionsBased on a high prevalence, drop-out from organised extracurricular sports during childhood and adolescence may be an important public health behaviour to consider. A solution-oriented approach to dropout from organised sports is recommended, but more evidence as to potential health detriments is needed using high-quality research designs.

Oesophageal Probe Evaluation in Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA): results from a prospective randomized trial

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schoene ◽  
Arash Arya ◽  
Friederike Grashoff ◽  
Helge Knopp ◽  
Alexander Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Higher Power

Abstract Aims The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of oesophageal lesions after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) with or without the use of oesophageal temperature probes. Methods and results Two hundred patients were prospectively randomized into two groups: the OPERA+ group underwent RFA using oesophageal probes (SensiTherm™); the OPERA− group received RFA using fixed energy levels of 25 W at the posterior wall without an oesophageal probe. All patients underwent post-interventional endoscopy and Holter-electrocardiogram after 6 months. (Clinical.Trials.gov: NCT03246594). One hundred patients were randomized in OPERA+ and 100 patients in OPERA−. The drop-out rate was 10%. In total, 18/180 (10%) patients developed endoscopically diagnosed oesophageal lesions (EDEL). There was no difference between the groups with 10/90 (11%) EDEL in OPERA+ vs. 8/90 (9%) in OPERA− (P = 0.62). Despite the higher power delivered at the posterior wall in OPERA+ [28 ± 4 vs. 25 ± 2 W (P = 0.001)], the average EDEL size was equal [5.7 ± 2.6 vs. 4.5 ± 1.7 mm (P = 0.38)]. The peak temperature did not correlate with EDEL size. During follow-up, no patient died. Only one patient in OPERA− required a specific therapy for treatment of the lesion. Cumulative AF recurrence after 6 (3–13) months was 28/87 (32%) vs. 34/88 (39%), P = 0.541. Conclusion This first randomized study demonstrates that intraoesophageal temperature monitoring using the SensiTherm™ probe does not affect the probability of developing EDEL. The peak temperature measured by the thermoprobe seems not to correlate with the incidence of EDEL. Empiric energy reduction at the posterior wall did not affect the efficacy of the procedure.

Psychosomatic Inpatient Treatment Achieves in the Medium Term Sustainable Clinical Improvement as well as a Reduction in Utilization of Medical Services-Results of a one-year follow-up

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s784-s784
Author(s):  
J. Valdes-Stauber ◽  
S. Merath ◽  
S. Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Doctor Visits ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hospital Days

BackgroundThe research on sustainability of effectiveness of inpatient psychosomatic treatment is necessary for epidemiological and economic reasons as well as towards their legitimacy.Objectives and aimsTo investigate whether the achieved clinical improvement by the inpatient treatment continues one year after discharge and whether the utilization of medical services display a significant reduction post-discharge compared to the year before admission.MethodsNaturalistic 1 year follow-up study of a cohort (n = 122). Three measuring time points: T1 (discharge), T2 (6 months after discharge; drop-out rate about 33%), T3 (12 months after discharge; drop-out rate about 49%). Assessment by means of standardized tests of changes in clinical variables, self-efficacy, quality of life, and personality between discharge and one year after discharge. Utilization variables (hospital days, days of incapacity, medication and doctor visits) were compared with ranges in the year before admission.ResultsImprovements at discharge in general functionality, psychological and somatic stress, depressiveness, bitterness level, quality of life and self-efficacy remain one year after discharge sustainably. Furthermore, hospital days, days of incapacity, number of doctor visits and of prescribed drugs decreased significantly in comparison with the year prior to admission.ConclusionsInpatient psychotherapy is effective not only in short-term but also in medium-term. One year after discharge clinically improvement at discharge time-point remains stable and the utilization of medical services decreased significantly. Longer periods of observation, identification of risk groups and of resilient prognostic factors, as well as ensuring post-discharge care are necessary in order to prevent relapses and to made early interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Association between physical activity levels in mid-life with physical activity in old age: a 20-year tracking study in a prospective cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e017378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Aggio ◽  
Olia Papacosta ◽  
Lucy Lennon ◽  
Peter Whincup ◽  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Recreational Activity

ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the tracking and predictability of physical activity in old age from overall physical activity and participation in sport, recreational activity and walking in mid-life.DesignProspective population-based cohort study.SettingBritish Regional Heart Study participants recruited from primary care centres in the UK in 1978–1980.Participants and outcome measuresMen (n=3413) self-reported their physical activity at baseline, 12, 16 and 20-year follow-ups and were categorised as inactive or active and having high or low participation in sport, walking and recreational activities. Tracking was assessed using kappa statistics and random effects models. Logistic regression estimated the odds of being active at 20-year follow-up according to physical activity participation in mid-life.ResultsAmong 3413 men (mean age at baseline 48.6±5.4 years) with complete data, tracking of overall physical activity was moderate (kappa: 0.23–0.26). Tracking was higher for sports participation (kappa: 0.35–0.38) compared with recreational activity (kappa: 0.16–0.24) and walking (kappa: 0.11–0.15). Intraclass correlation coefficients demonstrated similar levels of stability and only marginally weakened after controlling for covariates. Compared with inactive men, being active at baseline was associated with greater odds of being active at 20-year follow-up (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.4 to 3.2) after adjusting for sociodemographic, health and lifestyle variables. Playing sport in mid-life was more strongly associated with being active at 20-year follow-up than other domains, particularly when sport participation began earlier in life.ConclusionBeing physically active in mid-life increases the odds of being active in old age. Promoting physical activity in later life might be best achieved by promoting sport participation earlier in the life course.

scholarly journals White Matter Hyperintensities and Cognitive Decline in de Novo Parkinson’s Disease Patients

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Dadar ◽  
Yashar Zeighami ◽  
Yvonne Yau ◽  
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad ◽  
Josefina Maranzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cortical Thinning

AbstractObjectiveWhite Matter Hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with cognitive decline in normative aging and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the pathogenesis of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not directly related to vascular causes, and therefore the role of WMHs in PD remains unclear. If WMH has a higher impact on cognitive decline in PD, vascular pathology should be assessed and treated with a higher priority in this population. Here we investigate whether WMH leads to increased cognitive decline in PD, and if these effects relate to cortical thinningMethodsTo investigate the role of WMHs in PD, it is essential to study recently-diagnosed/non-treated patients.De novoPD patients and age-matched controls (NPD=365,NControl=174) with FLAIR/T2-weighted scans at baseline were selected from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). WMHs and cortical thickness were measured to analyse the relationship between baseline WMHs and future cognitive decline (follow-up:4.09±1.14 years) and cortical thinning (follow-up:1.05±0.10 years).ResultsHigh WMH load (WMHL) at baseline in PD was associated with increased cognitive decline, significantly more than i) PDs with low WMHL and ii) controls with high WMHL. Furthermore, PD patients with higher baseline WMHL showed more cortical thinning in right frontal lobe than subjects with low WMHL. Cortical thinning of this region also predicted decline in performance on a cognitive test.InterpretationPresence of WMHs inde novoPD patients predicts greater future cognitive decline and cortical thinning than in normal aging. Recognizing WMHs as a potential predictor of cognitive deficit in PD provides an opportunity for timely interventions.

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