Effect of Petting a Dog on Immune System Function

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1087-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Charnetski ◽  
Sandra Riggers ◽  
Francis X. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin ◽  
Group 1

The present study assessed the effect of petting a dog on secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels. 55 college students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or one of two control groups. Group 1 ( n = 19) petted a live dog; Group 2 ( n = 17) petted a stuffed dog, while Group 3 ( n = 19) simply sat comfortably on a couch. Each participant was exposed to one of the three conditions for 18 min. Pre- and posttreatment saliva samples yielded a significant increase in IgA for Group 1 only. Participants were also asked to complete the Pet Attitude Scale of Templer, Salter, Dickey, Baldwin and Veleber. Scores on this scale correlated with IgA increases only for participants in Group 2 (petting a stuffed animal). Results are discussed in terms of the beneficial effects of pets on health in general, and immunity in particular.

scholarly journals Does immediate dentin sealing influence the polymerization of impression materials?

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cristine Ghiggi ◽  
Arno Kieling Steiger ◽  
Maurem Leitão Marcondes ◽  
Eduardo Gonçalves Mota ◽  
Luiz Henrique Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Camera ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Oxygen Inhibition ◽  
Impression Materials ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of the following study is to evaluate the interaction between the resin materials used in immediate dentin sealing (IDS) techniques and impression materials with two different techniques to eliminate the oxygen-inhibition layer. Materials and Methods: The occlusal dentin surface of 35 human molars was exposed. The teeth were used in two Groups: Group 1 – Impression with Express XT; Group 2 – Impression with Impregum. Groups 1 and 2 were divided into 14 subgroups: Groups 1a and 2a – Control groups; 1b and 2b – IDS with Clearfil SE Bond (CSE); 1c and 2c – IDS with CSE + additional polymerization with glycerin jelly; 1d and 2d – IDS with CSE + alcohol; 1e and 2e – IDS with CSE and Protect Liner F (PLF); 1f and 2f – IDS with CSE and PLF + additional polymerization with glycerin jelly; and 1g and 2g – IDS with CSE and PLF + alcohol. Five teeth were used in each experimental group, and the tooth surface was photographed using a digital camera. Results: Small quantity of unpolymerized impression material remained attached to the CSE or to the PLF in Groups 1b and 1e. Groups 1c and 1d prevented the interaction. Small quantity of polymerized impression material remained attached to the CSE or to the PLF for Groups 2b and 2e. The same interaction was observed for Groups 2c and 2d. For Groups 2c and 2f, no interactions were observed. Conclusion: Resin materials interacted with impression materials. The application of glycerin jelly and alcohol prevented the interaction of CSE with Express XT and PLF with Impregum; however, these treatments were not completely effective in preventing the interaction of CSE with Impregum and PLF with Express XT.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Corneal Neovascularization by Topical and Subconjunctival Tigecycline

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sertan Goktas ◽  
Ender Erdogan ◽  
Rabia Sakarya ◽  
Yasar Sakarya ◽  
Mustafa Yılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Administration ◽  
Corneal Neovascularization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To investigate the effects of topical and subconjunctival tigecycline on the prevention of corneal neovascularization.Materials and Methods. Following chemical burn, thirty-two rats were treated daily with topical instillation of 1 mg/mL tigecycline (group 1) or subconjunctival instillation of 1 mg/mL tigecycline (group 3) for 7 days. Control rats received topical (group 2) or subconjunctival (group 4) 0.9% saline. Digital photographs of the cornea were taken on the eighth day after treatment and analyzed to determine the percentage area of the cornea covered by neovascularization. Corneal sections were analyzed histopathologically.Results. The median percentages of corneal neovascularization in groups 1 and 3 were 48% (95% confidence interval (CI), 44.2–55.8%) and 33.5% (95% CI, 26.6–39.2%), respectively. The median percentages of corneal neovascularization of groups 1 and 3 were significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.03andP<0.001, resp.). Histologic examination of samples from groups 1 and 3 showed lower vascularity than that of control groups.Conclusion. Topical and subconjunctival administration of tigecycline seems to be showing promising therapeutic effects on the prevention of corneal neovascularization. Furthermore, subconjunctival administration of tigecycline is more potent than topical administration in the inhibition of corneal neovascularization.

scholarly journals The Value of Serum Adiponectin in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-197
Author(s):  
Hagar Abd Elrahman Deghaidy ◽  
Mona Khalid Omar Amira Youssef Ahmed ◽  
Elsayed Fetouh Rakha
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Obese Control ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women at reproductive age associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. It may be the most common cause of anovulation, early pregnancy loss, and later pregnancy complications. Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine and is mainly secreted from visceral fat cells. It might be responsible for the metabolic and neuroendocrine derangements characteristic of obesity and obesity-related disease, such as PCOS. We aimed to evaluate the level of serum adiponectin in PCOS and the potential use of adiponectin as a biomarker for PCOS. Methods: This case control study was carried on 100 patients, aged between 20–35 years, who were equally divided into four groups based on the diagnosis of PCOS; 2 case groups and 2 control groups. Group 1 were non-obese PCOS subjects with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2. Group 2 were obese PCOS subjects with BMI >25 kg/m2. Control groups were selected as; group 3 were non-obese control group with BMI <25 kg/m2. Group 4 were obese control group with BMI >25 kg/m2. Results: Adiponectin was significantly lower in group 1 than group 3 and 4 (P2 and P3 <0.001). While it was significantly lower in group 2 than group 1, 3 and 4 and was significantly lower in group 4 than group 3 (P1 = 0.021, P4 and P5 <0.001). Conclusion: Serum adiponectin level may be taken into consideration as a biomarker for confirmation of PCOS diagnosis. The relationship between adiponectin and BMI suggests that adiponectin could serve as a marker for disease risk and provide opportunity for earlier intervention.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Buah Alpukat dan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Terhadap Perawatan Rambut Rontok

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Syannaz Rizka Usman ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Excessive hair loss will cause baldness. It can will influence someone’s confidence. that is why, hair loss treatment is needed to be done. One of them is by using avocados and VCO. They have good function to stimulate hair growth and make them healthier. This study aims to analyze the effect of avocados and VCO toward hair loss treatment. The research was done by observing the mount of hair loss everyday. this study was conducted with a quasi-experimental method with a quasi exsperiment to explain the influence of using avocados and VCO on the treatment of hair loss. The research subjects were a collection of women who lived in the Parak Laweh area of ​​Lubuk Begalung subdistrict which improved hair loss at the level of 40-100 strands per day. The sample in this study amounted to 12 people used by the technique of taking documentation and interviews. This study consisted of 4 different groups, namely the control group (X0), experimental group 1 (X1), experimental group 2 (X2), and experimental group 3 (X3).The data gathered is primary data. It is directly taken from samples that fill in the research format provided. Data analysis using analysis of variance (anava) and continued with Duncan test, the results of this study show a significant difference in the indicator of the amount of hair detached from the scalp with the number of strands of hair falling after treatment in the control group (X0) (80.50), experimental group 1 (X1) (60.50), experimental group 2 (X2) (58.83) and experimental group 3 (X3) (58.67). So it can be said that for the indicator of the amount of hair loss in the experimental group did not show a statistically significant difference, but there was a significant difference in the treatment of hair loss in the control group. Keywords: hair loss, avocados, VCO

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill C. A. Bogar ◽  
Lydia Tendean ◽  
Grace L. A. Turalaki
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract: Infertility is an inability of couples to reproduce after carrying out sexual intercourses for at least a year without using any contraceptives. There are 10-15% couples worldwide who experience infertility problems and almost one half of them is on men. Spermatozoa qualities including concentration, motility, and morphology are used as an indicator for men’s fertility. The utilization of herbal medicine (i.e. Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts) is now being an alternative way to improve fertility among the community. This study was carried out to find the effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on spermatozoa qualities. This experimental study was conducted to nine male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing from 200-250 grams, aging from 12-15 months. These nine adult rats were divided into 3 groups of 3 rats each. 400 and 600 mg/kg/day of Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts were orally administrated to group 1 and 2 respectively, while group 3 were treated as control group. After 50 days, the animals of group 1, 2 and 3 were sacrificed. As a result, there is an improvement in qualities of spermatozoa which are statistically significant (p<0,05) in group 2. Thus, provide the beneficial effects of 600mg/kg Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts on the qualities of spermatozoa.Keywords: pasak bumi, spermatozoaAbstrak: Infertilitas adalah ketidakmampuan pasangan untuk dapat hamil setelah satu tahun berhubungan intim tanpa menggunakan kontrasepsi. Ada sekitar 10 – 15 % pasangan mengalami masalah infertilitas dan hampir setengahnya masalah ada pada pria. Kualitas spermatozoa meliputi konsentrasi, motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa merupakan salah satu indikator fertilitas pada pria. Penggunaan tanaman herbal atau yang lebih dikenal jamu telah menjadi pengobatan alternatif di masyarakat. Tanaman herbal yang dimaksud adalah pasak bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari esktrak pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) terhadap kualitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor tikus wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) dengan berat badan 200-250 g berumur 12-15 bulan. Sembilan ekor wistar dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, dan satu kelompok terdiri dari tiga ekor tikus wistar. Penelitian ini dilaksankan selama 50 hari. Esktrak pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) diberikan dengan dosis 400mg/kgBB per hari pada perlakuan 1 dan dosis 600 mg/kgBB per hari pada perlakuan 2. Setelah 50 hari hewan coba pada kelompok kontrol, perlakuan 1 dan perlakuan 2 diterminasi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan terjadi peningkatan kualitas spermatozoa yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0,05) pada perlakuan 2 terhadap kelompok kontrol. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa Esktrak pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) pada dosis 600 mg/kgBB dapat meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa.Kata kunci: pasak bumi, spermatozoa

scholarly journals Prevention of the transmission of Babesia rossi by Haemaphysalis elliptica in dogs treated with Nexgard®

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Beugnet ◽  
Wilfried Lebon ◽  
Christa de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infected Donor ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Babesia Rossi ◽  
Haemaphysalis Elliptica ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This experimental study aimed to determine the efficacy of Afoxolaner (NexGard®) to prevent Babesia rossi transmission by Haemaphysalis elliptica ticks on dogs. The study included three groups of seven dogs each. Groups 1 and 2 remained untreated, whereas group 3 dogs received NexGard® on Day 0. All dogs were infested by 50 Haemaphysalis elliptica adult ticks: Group 1 on Day 2, Group 2 on Day 28 and Group 3 on Days 2 and 28. The ticks were originally nymphs having fed on B. rossi infected donor dogs. Their infection rate, assessed by PCR, was 12.8% at Day 2 and 6% at Day 28. On Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56, and in case of suspicion of babesiosis, blood samples were collected for blood smears, PCR and ELISA. The B. rossi infection rate in the untreated group 1 was 100% (6/6, as one dog was inadvertently treated on Day 15 and removed from statistical analysis). The infection rate was 57.1% (4/7) in group 2, and 0% (0/7) in the afoxolaner treated group 3 at all time-points until the end of the study on Day 56. After tick removal and count 144 h after each infestation, the control groups had an arithmetic mean of ticks of 23.8 (group 1) and 26.8 (group 2). No tick was recovered from any treated dogs. This study demonstrated that NexGard® protected dogs against infection by B. rossi for at least 28 days.

scholarly journals NEW MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF CEFTAZIDIME-INDUCED HUMAN RED BLOOD CELL HEMOLYSIS THROUGH THE PHOTOHEMOLYSIS REACTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Mashuri Mashuri ◽  
Achmad Zaini ◽  
Diana Rahmanisa ◽  
Muhammad Rifqi Alfiannoor ◽  
Muhammad Rosyhan Sanjaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the photohemolysis reaction through photosensitization reaction by ceftazidime as a photosensitizer in human red blood cell (RBC).Methods: In this present study, human erythrocytes have used a sample. The sample then divided into six groups consisting of Group 1 (T1) served a negative control which consists of erythrocytes and buffers phosphate with pH 6.8; Group 2 (T2) served as a positive control which consists erythrocytes and buffers phosphate with pH 6.8 and exposed to UV-light; and Group 3, 4, 5, and 6 (T3, T4, T5, and T6) served as an experimental group which consists of erythrocytes, buffer phosphate with pH 6.8, ceftazidime with concentration 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively, and also exposed to UV-light. UV-light exposure was done in 2 h. After the treatment period, the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), conjugated diene (CD), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and percentage of RBC hemolysis (RBCH) were measured.Results: The results of this present studies showed that ceftazidime significantly increases the levels of H2O2, CD, AOPPs, and percentage of RBCH during the UV radiation.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that ceftazidime acts as a photosensitizer and induced the photohemolysis reaction in human RBC. Furthermore, the hemolysis of RBC seems through the protein damage than lipid damage.

scholarly journals Compensated hypothyroidism and statin administration: symptoms of muscle damage and muscle metabolism disorders.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Lugovaya ◽  
Tatyana Necrasova ◽  
Leonid Strongin ◽  
Natalya Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Additional Monitoring ◽  
Group 1

Abstract There is no unequivocal opinion regarding the safety of statin in patients with hypothyroidism. However, based on some new data, it can be assumed that hypothyroidism, even in a stage of compensation, may cause muscle damage in patients receiving statins. As part of this study, this hypothesis was tested, and was confirmed. Aim To study the possibility of muscle damage and the nature of muscle metabolism in patients with compensated hypothyroidism who takes statin. Materials and methods The study is transverse and observational with the inclusion of 120 women, subdivided on three groups (n=40). The main group of patients with hypothyroidism who took statins (group 1) was compared with two control groups, including those who took statins without hypothyroidism (group 2), and who did not take statins with hypothyroidism (group 3). Results Patients taking statins and have compensated hypothyroidism are more likely to develop complaints of muscle pain, which are often associated with the elevation of muscle lesion markers, as well as the presence of the C allele in the SLCO1B1 * 5 gene (c.521T C). In patients with compensated hypothyroidism, relative frequency of occurrence of muscle pain syndrome associated with CPK elevation increases with TSH levels above 2.86 mU / L. Compensated hypothyroidism increases the possibility of development of SPM-ATP by 2.7 times. Conclusions Compensated hypothyroidism is not a contraindication for statin therapy. However, the presence of even compensated hypothyroidism in patients taking statins increases the possibility of the development of muscle symptoms associated with taking statins, and requires additional monitoring of the clinical and biochemical parameters of muscle metabolism (especially the level of CPK).

scholarly journals Efficiency Of Different Teaching Models In Teaching Of Frisbee Ultimate

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Zuzana Žuffová ◽  
Ludmila Zapletalová
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Teaching Models ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tactical Knowledge ◽  
Game Performance ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The aim of the study was to verify the efficiency of two frisbee ultimate teaching models at 8-year grammar schools relative to age. In the experimental group was used a game based model (Teaching Games for Understanding) and in the control group the traditional model based on teaching techniques. 6 groups of female students took part in experiment: experimental group 1 (n=10, age=11.6), experimental group 2 (n=12, age=13.8), experimental group 3 (n=14, age =15.8), control group 1 (n=11, age =11.7), control group 2 (n=10, age =13.8) and control group 3 (n=9, age =15.8). Efficiency of the teaching models was evaluated based of game performance and special knowledge results. Game performance was evaluated by the method of game performance assessment based on GPAI (Game Performance Assessment Instrument) through video record. To verify level of knowledge, we used a knowledge test, which consisted of questions related to the rules and tactics knowledge of frisbee ultimate. To perform statistical evaluation Mann-Whitney U-test was used. Game performance assessment and knowledge level indicated higher efficiency of TGfU in general, but mostly statistically insignificant. Experimental groups 1 and 2 were significantly better in the indicator that evaluates tactical aspect of game performance - decision making (p<0.05). Experimental group 3 was better in the indicator that evaluates skill execution - disc catching. The results showed that the students of the classes taught by game based model reached partially better game performance in general. Experimental groups achieved from 79.17 % to 80 % of correct answers relating to the rules and from 75 % to 87.5 % of correct answers relating to the tactical knowledge in the knowledge test. Control groups achieved from 57.69 % to 72.22 % of correct answers relating to the rules and from 51.92 % to 72.22 % of correct answers relating to the tactical knowledge in the knowledge test.

scholarly journals Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin®) and liver regeneration: experimental study in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA DE LOURDES PESSOLE BIONDO-SIMÕES ◽  
VICTOR CEZAR DE AZEVEDO PESSINI ◽  
CAROLINA AYUMI ICHI ◽  
ROGÉRIO RIBEIRO ROBES ◽  
SÉRGIO IOSHII
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy in rats. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were separated into four groups of ten rats each. Groups 1 and 2 (controls): undergoing 30% partial hepatectomy and, after one day (group 1) and seven days (group 2), to euthanasia; daily administration of 0.9% saline solution (1mL per 200g of body weight). Groups 3 and 4 (experimental): undergoing 30% partial hepatectomy and, after one day (group 3) and seven days (group 4), to euthanasia; daily administration of ASA (40mg/mL, 1mL per 200g of body weight). The absolute number of cells stained with PCNA was counted in photomicrographs, in five fields, and it was calculated the mean of positive cells per animal and per group. Results: the final mean of PCNA+ cells per group was: in group 1, 17.57 ± 6.77; in group 2, 19.31 ± 5.30; in group 3, 27.46 ± 11.55; and, in group 4, 12.40 ± 5.23. There was no significant difference at the two evaluation times in the control group (p=0.491), but there was in the experimental group (p=0.020), with a lower number of PCNA+ cells on the seventh day. The comparison between the two groups, on the first day, showed more PCNA+ cells in the livers of the animals that received ASA (p=0.047), and on the seventh day the number was lower in the experimental group (p=0.007). Conclusion: ASA induced greater hepatocyte proliferation.

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