Instrumento para mensuração do conhecimento tático declarativo no basquetebol feminino: validade de conteúdo da versão preliminar (Instrument for measurement of declarative tactical knowledge in women's basketball: validity of preliminary version content

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as evidências de validade de conteúdo de cenas de vídeo extraídas de partidas oficiais de basquetebol para a construção da versão preliminar do Instrumento para Mensurar o Conhecimento Tático Declarativo para Basquetebol Feminino (IMCTD-BF). Editou-se, para o processo de validação de conteúdo, 70 cenas extraídas de jogos entre equipes que disputaram o LBF (Liga de Basquete Feminina). As cenas passaram pela análise de cinco peritos, treinadores (as) de basquetebol, nos quesitos: clareza da imagem, pertinência prática e representatividade do item. Calculou-se o Coeficiente de Validade do Conteúdo (CVC) para verificar a concordância entre os peritos, sendo o ponto de corte .80. Encontrou-se valores de CVC de .956 para clareza da imagem, .997 para pertinência prática e .960 para representatividade do item. Os procedimentos de validade ecológica e a concordância entre peritos, referentes à tomada de decisão e ao tipo de ataque, resultaram na seleção de 38 cenas. Conclui-se que foi possível construir a versão preliminar do IMCTD-BF a partir de 38 cenas que apresentaram evidências de validade de conteúdo. Abstract. The aim of the study was to verify the evidence of content validity of video scenes extracted from official basketball matches for the construction of the preliminary version of the Instrument to Measure Declarative Tactical Knowledge for Women's Basketball (IMCTD-BF). For the content validation process, 70 scenes extracted from games between teams that competed in the LBF (Women's Basketball League) were edited. The scenes were analyzed by five experts, basketball coaches, in the following items: clarity of the image, practical relevance and representativeness of the item. The Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) was calculated to verify the agreement between experts, with a cutoff point of .80. CVC values ​​of .956 were found for image clarity, .997 for practical relevance and .960 for item representativeness. The ecological validity procedures and the agreement between experts, regarding decision-making and the type of attack, resulted in the selection of 38 scenes. It is concluded that it was possible to build the preliminary version of the IMCTD-BF from 38 scenes that presented evidence of content validity. Resumem. El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la evidencia de validez de contenido de escenas de video extraídas de partidos oficiales de baloncesto para la construcción de la versión preliminar del Instrumento para Medir el Conocimiento Táctico Declarativo para el Baloncesto Femenino (IMCTD-BF). Para el proceso de validación de contenido se editaron 70 escenas extraídas de partidos entre equipos que compitieron en la LBF (Liga de Baloncesto Femenino). Las escenas fueron analizadas por cinco expertos, entrenadores de baloncesto, en los ítems: claridad de imagen, relevancia práctica y representatividad del ítem. Se calculó el Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido (CVC) para verificar la concordancia entre expertos, con un punto de corte de .80. Se encontraron valores CVC de .956 para claridad de imagen, .997 para relevancia práctica y .960 para representatividad de ítems. Los procedimientos de validez ecológica y el acuerdo entre expertos, en cuanto a la toma de decisiones y el tipo de atentado, dieron como resultado la selección de 38 escenas. Se concluye que fue posible construir la versión preliminar del IMCTD-BF a partir de 38 escenas que presentaban evidencia de validez de contenido.

The impact of pendular model on decision-making and tactical-technical performance of U18 male volleyball players

This study aimed to verify the influence of applying the Pendular Model of Tactical-Technical Training (Pendular Model) on decision-making and tactical-technical performance of U18 male volleyball athletes. A total of 44 U18 volleyball athletes participated in the study, divided into two groups: experimental group ( n = 23) and control group ( n = 21). The Declarative Tactical Knowledge Test in Volleyball was used for the decision-making analysis, while the Instrument for Technical-Tactical Performance Assessment in Volleyball was used for the specific tactical-technical performance components level analysis in the game. Experimental group athletes performed 24 training sessions using the Pendular Model, and control group athletes maintained 24 sessions of regular training. There was a significant difference in decision-making in the extremity attack and setting situations, being better in the experimental group than the control group in the pre and postintervention moments. There were significant differences in the adjustment, decision-making, and effectiveness components in athletes’ tactical-technical performance in game situations, being greater in the experimental group compared to the control group in the moments after 12 sessions and postintervention. It is concluded that the Pendular Model proved to be effective for improving decision-making in extremity attack and setting video situations and in the tactical-technical performance in the game in the adjustment, decision-making, and effectiveness components for male U18 volleyball athletes.

CONTENT VALIDITY OF SCENES OF THE DECLARATIVE TACTICAL KNOWLEDGE ATTACK TEST OF BEACH VOLLEYBALL - DTKAT-BV

The aim of the study was to validate attack scenes in beach volleyball (BV) for the construction of a declarative tactical knowledge attack test (DTKAT) for the modality. 32 attack scenes in real situations of BV game through were assessed the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) through criteria of language clarity, practical relevance and item representativity, using a 1-5 likert scale. The results showed that for all criteria [image clarity (CVC - 0.98); practical relevance (CVC - 0.97); item representativity (CVC – 0.94)], scenes obtained CVC greater than 0.80, except for one scene, being thus excluded. 31 scenes were validated for the creation of a DTKAT-BV

Systematic review of declarative tactical knowledge evaluation tools based on game-play scenarios in soccer

In the last two decades, the analysis of tactical knowledge has become a research channel of increasing interest, contributing to the development of ad-hoc tools to carry out this task. The aim of this study is to collect evaluation tools which allow to measure the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) in soccer. Five databases (Web of Sciences, Pub Med, SportDiscus, Psycinfo and Eric) were used for the literature search based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, according to five inclusion/exclusion criteria: (i) tools that determinate DTK in soccer players, (ii) come from primary sources, that is, published for the first time, (iii) show game-play scenarios in video sequences or static images via questionnaires, (iv) have been submitted to a process of validity and reliability, (v) and avoid the use of verbal language. Nine tools were selected and analyzed in this systematic review: Soccer decision-making tests (McMorris, in Percept Mot Ski 85(2):467, 1997), Protocol for the evaluation of declarative tactical knowledge (Mangas, in Conhecimento declarativo no futebol: Estudo comparativo em praticantes federados e não-federados, do escalão de sub-14, Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 1999), Questionnaire for the evaluation of tactical comprehension applied to football—CECTAF—(De la Vega, in Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 2002. https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/1723/11535_vega_marcos_ricardodela.pdf?sequence=1), Decision making instrument for Soccer (Fontana, in The development of a decision making instrument for soccer, Master’s degree dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2004. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10124/), Game Understanding Test (Blomqvist et al., in Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy 10(2):107–119, 2005), Offensive Football Tactical Knowledge Test—TCTOF—(Serra-Olivares and García-López, in Revista Internacional De Medicina y Ciencias De La Actividad Física y Del Deporte 16(63):521–536, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.63.008), Video-based decision-making test (Keller et al., in Int J Sports Sci Coach 13(6):1057–1066, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118760778), Decision-Making form IOS application (Bennett et al., in J Sci Med Sport 22(6):729–734, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.011) and TacticUP video test for soccer (Machado and Teoldo, in Front Psychol, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01690). Most of the tools did not pass many of the criteria proposed to assess their quality. Fundamentally, it can be concluded that few tools show specific tactical scores based on game principles or subroles that allow identifying possible points of improvement in the knowledge that players have on specific aspects of the game. For this reason, and based on the other findings found in this review, future studies should consider: (i) the importance of designing tools that reflect scores based on tactical principles and game subroles; (ii) the advantages and disadvantages of designing tools based on static images or video sequences; (iii) the need to design tools that can access the DTK of young children; (iv) the requirement to design tools that present game-play scenarios in the first person; (v) the essentiality of facing the tools designed to rigorous processes of validity and reliability.

Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge

The use of instruments for the evaluation of a player’s procedural tactical knowledge (PTK) in sociomotor sports, such as football, is a line of research of growing interest since it allows a pertinent description of the player’s football competence. The aim of this study is to configure and validate an ad-hoc observational tool that allows evaluating the player’s PTK, understood as football competence, from the observation, coding and recording of the roles, the actions of the acquired subroles and the operational and specific principles of football in the attack and defense phases. Based on the Delphi method, a field format coding instrument was designed and validated where each criterion is a system of categories, exhaustive and mutually exclusive. The results showed excellent content validity (9.02 out of 10), and high values of intra-observer stability (k = 0.747) and inter-observer agreement (k = 0.665). Generalizability analysis showed an excellent reliability (G = 0.99). Additionally, the construct validity of the tool was calculated through a small-sided game Gk + 4v4 + Gk, using two independent samples: semi-professional and amateur players. The results reflected significant differences (α < 0.05) between both samples in the variables total score, offensive score and defensive score. Therefore, this study provides a valid and reliable instrument that allows data collection in a rigorous and pertinent way, as well as their analysis and evaluation in attack and defense according to the roles of the players and based on the motor behaviors that they perform using the subroles that they acquired, associated with the technical dimension, along with the principles that they develop in parallel, in support of the tactical dimension.

Construct Validation of a New Instrument to Measure Declarative Tactical Knowledge in Basketball

Measuring basketball players’ declarative tactical knowledge is relevant to the teaching and learning process. In this study we aimed to verify the construct validity and construct reliability of the Instrument for Measuring Declarative Tactical Knowledge in Basketball (IMDTK-Bb). We recruited 1,188 male basketball athletes aged 10-19 years old. We used confirmatory factor analysis with weighted least squares mean and variance estimator for construct validation and MacDonald´s omega for internal consistency. We established a final model with 17 scenes referring to the declarative tactical knowledge and type of action players used to solve game situations the scenes represented. The final model presented a good Comparative Fit Index (CFI = 1.000), Tucker–Lewis Index (TLI = 1.001) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA = .000). The reliability index was .779. We conclude that the IMDTK-Bb has good construct validity and can be used in further research.

Theoretical Basis of Technical-tactical Behavior and its Application in Ultimate Full Contact Training

Background: Technical-tactical training has been shown to be relevant to performance in a competition. In this regard, several studies have analysed the efficiency of technical-tactical dynamics in combat sports. However, these researchers have mainly focused on technical efficiency, and therefore more research is needed regarding tactical efficiency. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, there are no published experiential studies on Ultimate Full Contact. Objective: This brief review will analyse the theoretical basis of technical-tactical behaviour for training application in Ultimate Full Contact, characterising the modality under cognitive and dynamic-ecological approaches. This knowledge can be transferred and applied to similar modalities, such as Pankration, Free Fight, Shooto, and Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). Conclusion: The theoretical technical-tactical knowledge created through competition is essential because it is the only way that improvement in the training process can occur. Ultimate Full Contact is characterised as a combat sport of special complexity and intermitent intensity, where the technical-tactical factors are decisive for the performance while the physical component can be a conditioning factor. A careful regulation between technical-tactical training load and physiological load is essential to obtain adjustable adaptations. Both cognitive and dynamic-ecological approaches should be considered based on the respective training models.

Effects of Situated Game Teaching Through Set Plays on Soccer Tactical Knowledge Among Turkish Secondary School Students

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of a curricular model named Situated Game Teaching through Set Plays (SGTSP) on secondary students’ tactical knowledge in a 10-lesson soccer unit. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a repeated measure was used to examine the effectiveness of the SGTSP model in comparison with a technique-focused approach. Participants’ perceptions of SGTSP were collected through reflection journals throughout the unit. A convenient sample of 27 sixth graders from two classes participated in this study. Data were collected from a tactical knowledge test and reflection journals. A 3 × 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance with a repeated measure was conducted to analyze the data. Responses to reflection journals were analyzed by deductive analysis and constant comparison. Results: Participants’ tactical knowledge in the SGTSP condition improved significantly more than those in the comparison condition over time. Conclusions: The findings provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of the SGTSP model on developing students’ tactical knowledge as compared to a technique-focused approach.