Foot-in-the-Door and Door-in-the-Face: A Comparative Meta-Analytic Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pascual ◽  
Nicolas Guéguen
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
The Face

The so-called foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques have been generally considered as procedures which may consistently influence others' behavior. This study compared efficiency (in terms of compliance rates with various target requests) of both techniques using meta-analysis. It is based on the accumulated studies directly comparing foot-in-the-door ( n = 22, subjects = 1581) and door-in-the-face ( n = 22, subjects = 1611) under a similar target request. Analysis indicated no significant differences in efficiency between the paradigms.

scholarly journals Debunking: A Meta-Analysis of the Psychological Efficacy of Messages Countering Misinformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-pui Sally Chan ◽  
Christopher R. Jones ◽  
Kathleen Hall Jamieson ◽  
Dolores Albarracín
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
The Face

This meta-analysis investigated the factors underlying effective messages to counter attitudes and beliefs based on misinformation. Because misinformation can lead to poor decisions about consequential matters and is persistent and difficult to correct, debunking it is an important scientific and public-policy goal. This meta-analysis ( k = 52, N = 6,878) revealed large effects for presenting misinformation ( ds = 2.41–3.08), debunking ( ds = 1.14–1.33), and the persistence of misinformation in the face of debunking ( ds = 0.75–1.06). Persistence was stronger and the debunking effect was weaker when audiences generated reasons in support of the initial misinformation. A detailed debunking message correlated positively with the debunking effect. Surprisingly, however, a detailed debunking message also correlated positively with the misinformation-persistence effect.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of world health systems and Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Ayşe İKİNCİ KELEŞ ◽  
Gökhan KELEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Second Wave

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes severe airway problems, first emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus led to a pandemic that affected the entire world. COVID-19 affects not only health, but also economic and social life. The emergence of this pandemic has led to health systems across the world being questioned. The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of world health systems in the face of this pandemic. Twelve countries were selected and analyzed in the study. The choice of these countries was determined by the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Information concerning health systems and COVID-19 was obtained from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2018, World Health Organization 2020 and Deep Knowledge Group data and was subjected to statistical analysis. According to the analysis, the country with the highest investment in health expenditures is the United States (10586 US dollars/capita), and Germany stands out as the best in health services. Another finding is the first and second wave of COVID-19 was identified as the USA with the highest case and death rate (First wave cases 1.942.363 and deaths 110.514; second wave cases at 7.419.230 and deaths 2.09.450). As a result of the meta-analysis, it is revealed that only socio-economic power is not enough, countries with good health systems are more successful in the pandemic. In addition, the analysis once again reveal how important health systems are in the face of such a pandemic.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Imiquimod and 5-Fluorouracil for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis: Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya K. Gupta ◽  
Valerie Davey ◽  
Heather McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Actinic Keratosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Topical Therapy ◽  
Efficacy Rate ◽  
Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Efficacy Variable ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
The Face ◽  
Health Canada

Background: Actinic keratosis lesions occur frequently on sun-exposed skin of Caucasians. They become more prevalent with advancing age and are important in identifying the risk factor of those people possibly predisposed to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Topical therapies are useful alternatives to cryotherapy for treating diffuse actinic damage and a number of preparations have been developed for treating actinic keratosis. Objectives: A cumulative meta-analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream, which presents a new alternative topical therapy for actinic keratosis, and to compare it to 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of actinic keratosis lesions of the face and scalp. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (1966 to October 2004) for relevant studies evaluating the efficacy of actinic keratosis topical agents imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil (0.5%, 1%, and 5%). Studies included in this meta-analysis required a dosage regimen that was not significantly different from that approved by Health Canada and the U.S. FDA. Studies also required a well-defined treatment duration and followup period, with the primary efficacy variable being the complete (100%) clearance of all actinic keratosis lesions defined as the proportion of patients at followup with no clinically visible lesions in the treatment area. To determine the average efficacy rate for both drugs, the data from each study were combined for that drug. Results: Ten studies were included in the analysis. The average efficacy rate for each drug (with 95% confidence interval) was 5-fluorouracil, 52 ± 18% ( n = 6 studies, 145 subjects) and imiquimod, 70 ± 12% ( n = 4 studies, 393 subjects). Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis show that both imiquimod and 5-fluorouracil are effective methods for the treatment of actinic keratosis and provide a useful alternative to cryotherapy. However, this analysis suggests that imiquimod may have higher efficacy than 5-fluorouracil for actinic keratosis lesions located on the face and scalp and therefore provides another option to dermatologists.

scholarly journals Dengue virus infection in people residing in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy Brice N. Simo ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna ◽  
Sebastien Kenmoe ◽  
Marie S. Ndangang ◽  
Elvis Temfack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Language Restriction ◽  
The Face ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Better knowledge of the face of the current dengue virus (DENV) epidemiology in Africa can help to implement efficient strategies to curb the burden of dengue fever. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of DENV infection in Africa. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, African Journals Online, and Africa Index Medicus from January 1st, 2000 to June 10th, 2019 without any language restriction. We used a random-effects model to pool studies. A total of 76 studies (80,977 participants; 24 countries) were included. No study had high risk of bias. Twenty-two (29%) had moderate and 54 (71%) had low risk of bias. In apparently healthy individuals, the pooled prevalence of DENV was 15.6% (95% confidence interval 9.9–22.2), 3.5% (0.8–7.8), and 0.0% (0.0–0.5) respectively for immunoglobulins (Ig) G, IgM, and for ribonucleic acid (RNA) in apparently healthy populations. In populations presenting with fever, the prevalence was 24.8% (13.8–37.8), 10.8% (3.8–20.6k) and 8.4% (3.7–14.4) for IgG, IgM, and for RNA respectively. There was heterogeneity in the distribution between different regions of Africa. The prevalence of DENV infection is high in the African continent. Dengue fever therefore deserves more attention from healthcare workers, researchers, and health policy makers.

scholarly journals A Thematic-based Meta Analytic Study Regarding the Effect of Creativity on Academic Success and Learning Retention

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faysal Özdas ◽  
Veli Batdi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Creative Writing ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Learning Retention ◽  
Fail Safe

This thematic-based meta-analytic study aims to examine the effect of creativity on the academic success and learning retention scores of students. In the context of this aim, 18 out of 225 studies regarding creativity that were carried out between 2001 and 2011 have been obtained from certain national and international databases. The studies involving thematic-based meta-analytic reviews are examined under four themes - creative thinking, creative thinking activities, creative thinking techniques and creative writing applications. Certain inclusion criteria are also taken into consideration in the analysis. The statistical programs Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) and MetaWin are made use in order to analyze the data. The inter-rater reliability of the studies is calculated and found to be high. The Meta-analytic research results indicate that the effect size of creative thinking, creative thinking activities, creative thinking techniques and creative writing applications on academic success are large in terms of levels, while the creative applications in terms of learning retention are again large. This means that creativity has positive and great effects on both academic success and learning retention. The values of Fail-safe Number with regard to considering the effects of creative applications on academic success and learning retention show the high reliability of meta-analysis. It can be suggested that researchers should carry out more studies on creativity as there are not enough studies on creativity, especially regarding retention.

scholarly journals Outcome Measures in Spine Surgery: How Far Can we Go Building Evidence?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Henrique Relvas
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Spine Disorders

There is an imperative need to alleviate the actual and predictably harder burden of spine disorders and particularly the share due to chronic nonspecific low back pain, both at the individual and community - based viewpoint. Studies on global health trends charge a relevant part of the onus to the proposed invasive procedures, raising concern over its inappropriately high and growing use, counteracting clinical guidelines recommendation of a prudent selection of patients, based on clear - cut indications. Part of this gap between evidence and practice stands from questionable assumptions regarding the usefulness of surgery. Uncertainty on relative benefits and harms in the face of increased risk of adverse events, or the higher costs and health care resources i nvolved, results in controversial decision - making to plan the intervention . Improvement of knowledge about these questions can be provided by the inclusion in the research agenda of comprehensive and standardized evaluation of outcomes after spine surgery. Such a protocol procedure would enable future systematic reviews to perform a consistent meta - analysis of data from trials, mandatory for high - quality evidence gathering. Outcome evaluation requires both subjective and objective assessments. This review a ims to clarify the role of outcome measures in support of the need to build reliable information on the effectiveness of surgical treatment of spinal disorders.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of bioinformatics software benchmarks reveals that publication-bias unduly influences software accuracy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Gardner ◽  
James M. Paterson ◽  
Fatemeh Ashari-Ghomi ◽  
Sinan U. Umu ◽  
Stephanie McGimpsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Biology ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Software Tools ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Bioinformatics Software ◽  
The Face ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Journal Impact

AbstractComputational biology has provided widely used and powerful software tools for testing and making inferences about biological data. In the face of increasing volumes of data, heuristic methods that trade software speed for mathematical completeness must be employed. We are interested in whether trade-offs between speed and accuracy are reasonable. Also, what factors are indicative of accurate software?In this work we mine published benchmarks of computational biology software, we collect data on the relative accuracy and speed of different software and then test to see what factors influence accuracy e.g. speed, author reputation, journal impact or recency.We found that author reputation, journal impact, the number of citations, software speed and age are not reliable predictors of software accuracy. This implies that useful bioinformatics software is not only the domain of famous senior researchers. In addition, we found that there exists an excess of slow and inaccurate software tools across multiple sub-disciplines of bioinformatics. Meanwhile, there are very few tools of middling accuracy and speed. We hypothesise that a strong publication bias unduly influences the publication and development of bioinformatic software tools. In other words, at present software that is not highly ranked on speed and not highly ranked on accuracy is difficult to publish due to editorial and reviewer practices. This leaves an unfortunate gap in the literature upon which future software refinements cannot be constructed.

scholarly journals A Meta-analytic Study Examining the Relationship between Alexithymia and Dissociation in Psychiatric and Nonclinical Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Marie Reyno ◽  
Maria Simmons ◽  
Jackie Kinley
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Toronto Alexithymia Scale ◽  
Dissociative Experiences Scale ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clinical Populations

Alexithymia and dissociation have been consistently linked in the literature, particularly in psychiatric populations.  Both arise from a disconnection between conscious aspects of self-experiences and perceptions at both the mental self and bodily levels.  This results in difficulty integrating thoughts, feelings and experiences into consciousness and memory, negatively impacting emotion awareness/regulation and reflective functioning.  We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the strength of the relationship between alexithymia and dissociation in both clinical and non-clinical populations.  Studies using two common measures of these constructs were included (i.e., the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Dissociative Experiences Scale).  Analyzing the effect sizes derived from 19 studies (including a total of 4664 participants) revealed moderate to strong relationships between alexithymia and dissociation.  The strength of the association increased in clinical and younger aged non clinical populations. These findings are discussed in the context of treatment recommendations.            

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