Impact of Covid-19 on Lifestyle Related Behaviors of Nigerians

Abstract Introduction: A great threat of a novel virus – coronavirus otherwise known as COVID-19 pandemic rocked the entire world in the wake of the year 2020. The threat is so strenuous that the entire world was placed on lockdown in the matter of social restriction such as on international and national transport links, market or business transactions, school and organizational activities, and all related social and religious gatherings. This restriction might change people’s lifestyle. This study was aimed at assessing the lifestyle changes caused by the pandemic among Nigerians. Methodology: A web based cross sectional survey was conducted using an e-questionnaire. A paired t-test, independent t-test were used to test hypothesis while mean, frequency, and percentage were used to summarize the data. Results: Majority of the participants were male (72.1%), single (83.2%), and middle class (79.5%) of social status. There was a decrease in the habit of consuming meals routinely at regular intervals during COVID-19 (19.4% vs 25.7%). There were significant differences in eating patterns before and during COVID-19 (P<0.05). Likewise, significant differences in physical activity before and during COVID-19 were observed. Conclusion: Some of the protocol put in place in curtailing the virus has been proven to have a positive impact on the lifestyle of Nigerians Such health benefits include but not limited to an increase in moderate exercise, increase in the consumption of healthy and reduction in the consumption of unhealthy food.

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Assessment of Knowledge and Practices on Effective Hand Hygiene among Rural and Urban Population of South India: A Web Based Cross Sectional Survey

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53b33710 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 294-302

Author(s):

S. M. G. Ishrar ◽

C. Nagavalli ◽

V. Vikas Reddy ◽

G. Navya

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Urban Population ◽

South India ◽

T Test ◽

Urban Residents ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based

Aims: The study aims to assess the level of awareness regarding Hand hygiene among the population in urban and rural areas of South India. Study Design: A web based cross sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: An online study was conducted among public of South India for a period of 6 months. Methodology: The data was collected through online mode by providing google link to fill questionnaire form through various social media platforms. The questionnaire consists of demographic details, knowledge and practice related questions. SPSS was used to interpret data and chi-square test, independent T test, backward multiple regression analysis was done. Results: From the collected data a total of 1178 responses were collected (urban:726, rural:452). From independent T test the knowledge mean score of HH was: 10.07±2.136 for urban population and 9.79±2.138 for rural population. By this urban population has more knowledge than rural population. From backward multiple regression analysis of Knowledge score, the findings shown that the urban male residents with 2 members household residing in Tamilnadu have preferably more knowledge than others when compared with demographic details. From the independent T test the HH practice mean score was 11.25±1.991 for urban residents and 10.77±2.280 for rural residents. From the Backward multiple regression analysis of Practice score, the findings shown that most parsimonious combination of region (rural, urban), age group (10-30 years, 30-60 years and >60 years), gender(female, male), state and UT (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala, Telangana, Andaman and nicobar, Puducherry, Lakshadweep), household (2, 3, 4, >4 members), education level (10 and below 10, intermediate, UG, PG, Ph. D) in predicting the practice score. Conclusion: The study results concluded that urban residents have preferably more knowledge than rural residents. Creative campaigns and awareness programs should be conducted to attain persistent improvement in HH practices.

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Knowledge and awareness about MERS-CoV among the dental students in Chennai

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 847-851

Author(s):

Nithyanandham Masilamani ◽

Dhanraj Ganapathy

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Large Scale ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Educational Programs ◽

Dental Students ◽

Professional Organizations ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mode Of Transmission

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) induced by new ß coronavirus MERS-(CoV) had first been described in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. MERS-CoV communication inside the population is often identified with clustered households and cramped communal spaces. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV among dental students in India. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 100 dental college students in Chennai. The self-designed questionnaires contained ten questions focused on the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV amongst dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analyzed, .87% are aware of MERS-CoV through media 13% from professional channels. 84%are aware of the clinical manifestation of MERS-CoV. 81%Are aware of the mode of transmission of MERS-CoV. 76%are aware of the preventive measures against MERS -CoV.68%. Are aware of the incubation period of MERS-CoV. 74%aware of PCR as a diagnostic test for MERS-CoV. This study concluded that dental students had strong awareness and knowledge of MERS. Also, there are a few differences in information and behaviours that require change. Large-scale health educational programs on MERS also should be facilitated by professional organizations to expand their reach and to strengthen knowledge to have a positive impact on their behaviour.

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Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Dengue among Physicians: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11080105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Kranthi Swaroop Koonisetty ◽

Ubydul Haque ◽

Rajesh Nandy ◽

Nasrin Aghamohammadi ◽

Tamanna Urmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Aedes Mosquitoes ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Dengue fever is one of the most important viral infections transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Accurate identification of cases and treatment of dengue patients at the early stages can reduce medical complications and dengue mortality rate. This survey aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among physicians in dengue diagnosis and treatment. This study was conducted among physicians in Turkey as one nonendemic country and Bangladesh, India, and Malaysia as three dengue-endemic countries. The dosing frequencies, maximum doses, and contraindications in dengue fever were examined. The results found that physicians from Bangladesh, India, and Malaysia have higher KAP scores in dengue diagnosis and treatment compared to physicians in Turkey. This may be due to a lack of physician’s exposure to a dengue patient as Turkey is considered a nonendemic country. This assessment may help establish a guideline for intervention strategies among physicians to have successful treatment outcomes and reduce dengue mortality.

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Stress and Its Impact on Academic and Social Life of Undergraduate University Students in Ghana: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

Open Education Studies ◽

10.1515/edu-2020-0100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Koawo Edjah ◽

Francis Ankomah ◽

Ebenezer Domey ◽

John Ekow Laryea

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Social Life ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Survey Design ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractStress is concomitant with students’ life and can have a significant impact on their lives, and even how they go about their academic work. Globally, in every five visits by patients to the doctor, three are stress-related problems. This study examined stress and its impact on the academic and social life among students of a university in Ghana. The descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. Using the stratified and simple random (random numbers) sampling methods, 500 regular undergraduate students were engaged in the study. A questionnaire made up of Perceived Stress Scale and Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale was used to gather data for the study. Frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with AMOS were used for the analyses. It was found that majority of the students were moderately stressed. Paramount among the stressors were academic stressors, followed by institutional stressors, and external stressors. Stress had a significant positive impact on the academic and social life of students. It was concluded that undergraduate students, in one way or the other, go through some kind of stress during the course of their study. It was recommended that the university, through its Students’ Affairs, and Counselling Sections, continue to empower students on how to manage and deal with stress in order to enhance their academic life.

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Reconstruction: A Canadian Perspective

Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1177/22925503211030017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 229255032110300

Author(s):

Caroline F. Illmann ◽

Christopher Doherty ◽

Margaret Wheelock ◽

Joshua Vorstenbosch ◽

Joan E. Lipa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Reconstruction ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Reconstructive Procedures ◽

Surgical Access ◽

Canadian Perspective ◽

Canadian Provinces ◽

The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges and restrictions in surgical access across Canada, including for breast reconstructive services which are an integral component of comprehensive breast cancer care. We sought to determine how breast reconstructive services are being restricted, and what strategies may be employed to optimize the provision of breast reconstruction through a pan-Canadian evaluation from the providers’ perspective. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of Canadian plastic and reconstructive surgeons who perform breast reconstruction. The 33-item web-based questionnaire was developed by a pan-Canadian working group of breast reconstruction experts and disseminated via email to members of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgery. The questionnaire queried respondents on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions on surgeons’ breast reconstruction practice patterns and opinions on strategies for resource utilization. Results: Responses were received from 49 surgeons, who reported practicing in 8 of 10 Canadian provinces. Restrictions on the provision of breast reconstructive procedures were most limited during the First Wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, where all respondents reported at least some reduction in capacity and more than a quarter reporting complete cessation. Average reported reduction in capacity ranged from 31% to 78% across all 3 waves. Autologous, delayed, and prophylactic reconstructions were most commonly restricted. Conclusion: This study provides a pan-Canadian impact assessment on breast reconstructive services during the COVID-19 pandemic from the providers’ perspective. To uphold the standards of patient-centred care, a unified approach to strategically reorganize health care delivery now and in the future is needed.

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Parental evaluation of a revised autism spectrum disorder diagnostic process for children under 36 months of age

Paediatrics & Child Health ◽

10.1093/pch/pxaa130 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-François Lemay ◽

Shauna Langenberger ◽

Scott McLeod

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Early Intervention ◽

Parent Education ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Level

Abstract Background The Alberta Children’s Hospital-Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Clinic (ACH-ASDC) was restructured due to long wait times and unsustainable clinic workflow. Major changes included the initiation of pre- and post-ASD parent education sessions and distinct ASD screening appointments before the ASD diagnostic appointment. Methods We conducted a parental program evaluation in summer 2018 of the ACH-ASDC. We used a cross-sectional survey to evaluate key outcomes including parental satisfaction, and the percentage of families obtaining access to government supports and early intervention programs. Results For the 101 eligible patients diagnosed with ASD under 36 months of age 70 (69.3%) parents agreed to participate. The mean diagnostic age of the children diagnosed with ASD was 30.6 months (SD=4.1 months). There were no statistically significant age differences between biological sexes. Ninety-three per cent of parents felt that ASD educational sessions were useful, and 92% of parents were satisfied to very satisfied with the overall ASD diagnostic process. Ninety per cent of parents had access to at least one of the key resources available for ASD early intervention in our province following diagnosis. Parents reported a positive impact on intervention provided to their child in the areas of communication, social interaction, and behaviour. Conclusion Parents of children diagnosed with ASD expressed a high level of satisfaction with the restructured ACH-ASDC process. Implementing parent education sessions was well received and met parents’ needs. Parents were able to access intervention services following diagnosis and reported positive impacts for their child. Re-envisioning program approaches to incorporate novel strategies to support families should be encouraged.

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Breast-feeding promotion in hospitals and prospective breast-feeding rates during the first year of life in two national surveys 1997–1998 and 2017–2019 in Germany

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021001099 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Nele Hockamp ◽

Constanze Burak ◽

Erika Sievers ◽

Silvia Rudloff ◽

Anja Burmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Infant Nutrition ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

First Year ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Phone Calls ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the current state of breast-feeding promotion in hospitals and the prevalence of breast-feeding during the first year of life in Germany and to compare the results with a study 20 years earlier. Design: In the studies on ‘breast-feeding and infant nutrition in Germany’ named ‘SuSe’, a cross-sectional survey in hospitals was combined with a subsequent prospective survey of breast-feeding and infant nutrition during the first year of life (0·5, 2, 4, 6 and 12 months after birth) in mother–infant pairs who were recruited in the hospitals. Written questionnaires and phone calls were used in SuSe I and web-based questionnaires in SuSe II. Breast-feeding promotion and prevalence were evaluated using recommendations from the WHO and the UNICEF. Setting: Two nationwide surveys SuSe I (1997–1998) and SuSe II (2017–2019). Participants: In SuSe I, 177 hospitals and 1717 mother–infant pairs and in SuSe II 109 hospitals and 962 mother–infant pairs were included. Results: In SuSe II, hospitals implemented seven of the WHO ‘Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding’ to a greater extent than the hospitals in SuSe I. More mothers exclusively breastfed for 4 months (57 % v. 33 %) and continued breast-feeding until 6 (78 % v. 48 %) and 12 months (41 % v. 13 %). In both studies, exclusive breast-feeding decreased between 4 and 6 months of age due to the introduction of complementary feeding. Conclusions: In Germany, breast-feeding habits have come closer to the recommendations over the last 20 years.

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Corona virus fear among health workers during the early phase of pandemic response in Nepal: a web-based cross-sectional study

10.1101/2020.11.04.367912 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pratik Khanal ◽

Navin Devkota ◽

Minakshi Dahal ◽

Kiran Paudel ◽

Shiva Raj Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Family Member ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Early Phase ◽

Health Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Factors Associated

AbstractBackgroundHealth workers involved in COVID-19 response might be at risk of developing fear and psychological distress. This study aimed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 fear among health workers in Nepal during the early phase of pandemic.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the month of April-May 2020 among 475 health workers directly involved in COVID-19 management. The Fear Scale of COVID 19 (FCV-19S) was used to measure the status of fear. Scatter plots were used to observe the relationship between fear and other psychological outcomes: anxiety, depression and insomnia. Multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with COVID fear.ResultsCOVID-19 fear score was moderately correlated with anxiety and depression, and weakly correlated with insomnia (p<0.001). Nurses (AOR=2.29; 95% CI: 1.23-4.26), health workers experiencing stigma (AOR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.12-2.73), those working in affected district(AOR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.12-2.77) and presence of family member with chronic diseases (AOR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.01-2.25) was associated with higher odds of developing COVID-19 fear as compared to other health workers, health workers not experiencing stigma, working in non-affected district and not having family member with chronic diseases respectively.ConclusionNurses, health workers facing stigma, those working in affect district and having family member with chronic diseases were more at risk of developing COVID-19 fear. It is thus recommended to improve work environment to reduce fear among health workers, employ stigma reduction interventions, and ensure personal and family support for those having family member with chronic diseases.

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Knowledge, Attitude and Perception towards COVID-19 Pandemic among Veterinary Professionals and Impacts: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide-Based Survey

COVID ◽

10.3390/covid1030053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 645-665

Author(s):

Olubukola Adenubi ◽

Oluwawemimo Adebowale ◽

Hezekiah Adesokan ◽

Abimbola Oloye ◽

Noah Bankole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Best Practices ◽

Physical Status ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Postgraduate Qualification ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Household Members ◽

Good Attitude

This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) towards COVID-19 pandemic control among veterinarians in Nigeria. A nation-wide web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Information on KAP towards the COVID-19 pandemic was gathered (April 23 and May 31, 2020) and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors. A total of 368 veterinarians participated in the study. The majority of respondents were males (72.8%), between the ages of 30–39 years (39.7%). Generally, respondents displayed a good level of knowledge about COVID-19 (72.4% ± 9.9%, range 44.1–91.2%), while the general attitude level was poor (65.4% ± 10.8, range 35.3–94.1%). Various determinants for good attitude among respondents were: if they were above 60 years old (aOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 1.379–14.594, p = 0.013), possessed postgraduate qualification (aOR = 1.63, 95 CI: 1.045–2.553, p = 0.031), worked over 30 years post DVM (aOR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.966–16.100, p = 0.001), had household members between five and 10 (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.130–2.641, p = 0.012), and if respondents’ residence was on total lockdown (aOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.070–2.590, p = 0.024). The pandemic had moderate impacts on social, financial and physical status of the participants. Stricter policy measures and educational programs should be implemented to keep veterinarians and the populace informed about the best practices recommended for COVID-19 management.

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