scholarly journals Change, Crisis, Perspective, and Identity in Two Novels by Rózsa Ignácz

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Dani

Abstract For Hungarians who remained stuck beyond the borders after WWI, finding themselves in a foreign country from one day to the next, the historical trauma of the Trianon Treaty occasioned intercultural tribulations never experienced before. What the resulting Transylvanian literature discussed here is concerned with, however, is not what Jeffrey C. Alexander’s cultural trauma theory calls “the trauma process”, “the spiral of signification” (Alexander 2004, 11). Rather, it is concerned with “the indelible marks” “the horrendous event” left “upon group consciousness […] changing their future identity in fundamental and irrevocable ways” (Alexander 2004, 1). This literature displays a rich array of the management strategies of minority identity. Earlier I devoted a book to the identity types that ensued from those strategies (Dani 2016a). The present work is based on that monograph and moves on. This time I wish to focus on the key figures of two Rózsa Ignácz novels (Anyanyelve magyar and Született Moldovában) to demonstrate the complex identity patterns that an erosion of minority native language and culture, so destructive to identity, yields. The road that the Hungarian minority travels leads through a succession of active and reactive changes, crises, and modifications of perspective in the maze of minority versus hegemonic intercultural relations.1

Author(s):  
Haun Saussy

We often hear that certain words or texts are “untranslatable.” At the root of this judgment lies an exaggerated respect for the native language, which must not be altered by contact with other languages. Against this superstition, it is here argued that translation is one of the great movers of change in language, and accomplishes this precisely through the rendering of difficult and unidiomatic texts. At another level, a purported ethics of translation urges that translations should be “foreignizing” rather than domesticating: this too evidences a normative idea of the integrity of the language and culture of the foreign text. Against such defences of purity, a sense of both language and translation as inherently hybrid, and literary language in particular as macaronic, should open to examination the historical individuality of encounters that every translation records. Examples from Western European languages indicate how this hybridity is to be understood.


2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 1645-1649
Author(s):  
Rawid Khan ◽  
Ghulam Dastagir ◽  
Omar Shahid ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Bashir Alam

The paper is part of an ongoing research project on traffic management strategies for Peshawar Pakistan. Traffic data collected and warrant tests checked at selected intersections. Peak hour vehicular volume warrant test selected and performed at intersections. Signal timing capacity and delay analysis performed and level of service determined for selected intersection. It was found that “for the same width of the road” the delay and level of service is different at different locations and the corresponding signal time is also different. Some data also analysed in 3D micro simulation.


2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Lindström

A system for modelling groundwater contamination in water supply areas is presented, consisting of the flow and transport models, MACRO for the unsaturated zone and MOC for the groundwater zone, coupled to the geographical information system, IDRISI. A graphical user interface links the different parts of the system. The system was applied to a water supply area located close to a major road south of Stockholm. Chloride was used as an indicator in determining the risk for groundwater contamination from the road. The future chloride concentration in the aquifer was predicted and the effects of different pumping rates on the chemistry of the water supply well were tested. Modelling results showed that the chloride concentration in the aquifer will increase substantially due to road de-icing and that it will take decades to lower the chloride concentration down to the original background values after an end to the use of de-icing salt. The system may serve as a valuable tool in a planning context. Potential groundwater contamination scenarios can be simulated, and alternative groundwater management strategies can be evaluated.


1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. McCarty

Teresa L. McCarty takes us to Rough Rock in the center of the Navajo Reservation, and to a bold experiment in Native American ownership of education. As the first school to be run by a locally elected, all-Indian governing board, and the first to incorporate systematically the native language and culture, it proved to be an influential demonstration of community-based transformation. McCarty describes the changes in Rough Rock's social,economic, and political structures, and examines the relation of these changes to educational outcomes for children. Further, she critiques the irony created by the larger institutional structure of federal funding, which both "enables and constrains genuine control over education by Native American communities."


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Olga V. Balyasnikova ◽  
◽  
Natalya V. Dmitryuk ◽  
Natalya V. Ufimtseva ◽  
◽  
...  

The article is devoted to the identification, fixation, and analysis of the conflictogenic zones in the content of the associative (psychological) meaning of words in the language consciousness of speakers of the Russian, Kazakh, and Yakut languages / cultures in modern multiethnic society. Comparative studies reveal quantitative and qualitative discrepancies in the structure of the associative meaning of equivalent words in different languages. These discrepancies are potentially conflictogenic in the situations of interlanguage (intercultural) interaction and manifest themselves both on a conscious and unconscious level. The research method of the article is the free associative experiment. It was conducted in the native language of the informants (i.e., Yakut or Kazakh), and Russian. The informants were national-Russian bilinguals (Yakuts and Kazakhs), and Russians — students of various universities, aged 17 to 25, with at least 100 people being in each sample (men and women in equal numbers). The lexemes of the semantic field “family” were chosen as the stimulus words. The experimental material was analyzed using the modified method of semantic gestalt by Yu.N. Karaulov. The results obtained made it possible to identify the existing differences in the content of the language consciousness of the speakers of the Russian, Kazakh, and Yakut languages / cultures and to answer the question of how the content of the language consciousness of bilinguals is affected by their native language and culture. The results of the research can be used to optimize intercultural communication and prevent communicative and other conflicts.


2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Vincent ◽  
Tary Tobin ◽  
Mark Van Ryzin

The Native Community strongly recommends integrating Native language and culture (NLC) into reading instruction to improve outcomes for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) students. However, little is known about the extent to which recommended practices are used and what might facilitate their implementation. The National Indian Education Study conducted by the U.S. Department of Education surveys teachers of AI/AN students on their instructional practices. This descriptive study builds on previous analysis of survey data, which identified measurable dimensions of NLC in instruction. We now examine (a) the extent to which teachers implement these dimensions and (b) what teacher, classroom, and schoolwide characteristics facilitate implementation. Outcomes suggest that the recommended practices are rarely implemented, and that AI/AN teachers speaking Native language(s) and teaching in classrooms with high AI/AN enrollment located in schools employing AI/AN teachers and staff implement the recommended practices more often. We discuss implications for teacher education and support.


2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Guiyu Dai ◽  
Yi Cai

“The Belt and Road Initiative” not only provides great opportunities but also poses enormous challenges to Chinese enterprises for further development. Along the Belt and the Road, there are different countries with unique culture characteristics, which will be the difficult challenges Chinese enterprises have to face in the overseas investment. The present study will combine PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) model with Hofstede’s culture dimensions as the theoretical basis for analyzing the potential opportunities and challenges Chinese enterprises tend to confront in Poland. Based on a detailed analysis of the opportunities and challenges, this writing proposes three tentative cross-culture management strategies: (1) Investigating the local markets and identifying the culture differences; (2) Cultivating intercultural communication competence of the cross-culture employees; (3) Acculturating to the local society and making innovation based on culture fusion, which would be referential for Chinese enterprises to seek investment opportunities in the countries along the Belt and the Road.


Author(s):  
Юрий Николаевич Квашнин ◽  
Гульсифа Такиюлловна Бакиева

В статье рассматриваются проблемы сохранения сибирскими татарами родного языка на современном этапе исторического развития. В кратком обзоре представлены этапы изучения сибирскотатарского языка от начала XIX до начала XXI в. На основе общеизвестных источников и литературы показано, что этноним татары, которым называются разные по происхождению этнические общности Поволжья, Приуралья и Западной Сибири, является псевдоэтнонимом. Он был введён в качестве самоназвания поволжских тюрок казанским мусульманским просветителем Ш. Марджани, а в советское время стал точкой опоры для создания нового литературного языка и включения его в образовательные программы всех «татарских» школ Советского союза. При этом не учитывалось, что сибирские татары являются самостоятельным этносом, со своими уникальными языком и культурой. Основным выводом статьи является утверждение, что сегодня сибирские татары поставлены перед непростым выбором – сохранить или потерять родной язык. Сохранения языка на уровне семьи явно недостаточно. Поэтому необходимо его преподавание в школах, пропаганда в средствах массовой информации, выпуск художественной литературы на нём. Первые методические наработки в виде граматики, фонетики, графики, словарей, а также литературные произведения уже имеются. Можно вводить изучение сибирскотатарскоко языка факультативно в национальных школах и на специальных курсах при городских Центрах сибирскотатарской культуры. В настоящее время работа по сохранению сибирскотатарского языка и культуры проводится только энтузиастами. Поддержки на уровне администрации она не получает. Опираясь на старые, проверенные временем программы и методические разработки по татарскому языку и литературе, руководители органов управления образованием не видят необходимости для перехода на изучение сибирскотатарского языка и развивающейся сибирскотатарской литературы. На наш взгляд, дальнейшее игнорирование существующей проблемы повлечёт за собой усиление маргинализации сибирских татар Тюменской области и постепенной утрате ими самоидентификации. The article deals with the problems of preservation of their native language by the Siberian Tatars at the present stage of historical development. The brief overview presents the stages of studying the Siberian Tatar language from the beginning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. Based on commonly known sources and literature, it is shown that the ethnonym Tatars, which refers to ethnic communities of different origins in the Volga region, the Urals and Western Siberia, is a pseudo-ethnonym. It was introduced as the self-name of the Volga Turks by the Kazan Muslim educator Sh. Mardzhani, and in Soviet times it became a fulcrum for the creation of a new literary language and its inclusion in the educational programs of all “Tatar” schools of the Soviet Union. At the same time, it was not taken into account that Siberian Tatars are an independent ethnic group, with their own unique language and culture. The main conclusion of the article is that today Siberian Tatars face a difficult choice – to keep or to lose their native language. Preserving the language at the family level is clearly not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to teach it in schools, propagate it in the media, and publish fiction in it. The first methodological developments in the form of grammar, phonetics, graphics, dictionaries, as well as literary works are already available. It is possible to introduce the study of the Siberian Tatar language as an option in national schools and in special courses at the city Centers of Siberian Tatar culture. At present, the work to preserve the Siberian Tatar language and culture is carried out only by enthusiasts. It does not receive support at the administration level. Relying on the old, time-tested programs and methodological developments in the Tatar language and literature, the heads of education authorities do not see the need for studying the Siberian Tatar language and developing Siberian Tatar literature. In our opinion, further ignoring of the existing problem will entail increased marginalization of the Siberian Tatars of the Tyumen region and their gradual loss of self-identification.


2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
A. Raimbekova ◽  
◽  
М. Eshimov ◽  
S. Nurtileuova ◽  
◽  
...  

The article considers innovative forms of studying and teaching Russian as a foreign language, methods of using new technologies in the practice of teaching non-native language, advantages and disadvantages of new multimedia educational systems. Since teaching a foreign language is, first of all, a communicative activity of students, the teacher needs to intensify the activity of each student in the process of mastering new lexical forms and structures, create living situations for their creative activity. To date, there are many non-standard forms of teacher work that increase the attention and interest of students in both foreign language and culture, history and spiritual heritage of the language studied. This article presents several types of innovative working methods when studying texts, vocabulary and performing practical tasks in a foreign audience.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6835
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Rizzo ◽  
Francesco Antonio Tiano ◽  
Valerio Mariani ◽  
Matteo Marino

Regenerative braking can significantly improve the energy efficiency of hybrid and electric vehicles, and many studies have been carried out in order to improve and optimize the energy recovery of the braking energy. In the paper, the optimization of regenerative braking by means of braking force modulation is analysed, with specific application to the case of cars converted into Through-the-road (TTR) hybrid vehicles, and an optimal modulation strategy is also proposed. Car hybridization is an emerging topic since it may be a feasible, low-cost, intermediate step toward the green transition of the transport system with a potential positive impact in third-world countries. In this case, the presence of two in-wheel-motors installed on the rear axle and of the original mechanical braking system mounted on the vehicle can result in limited braking energy recovery in the absence of proper braking management strategies. A vehicle longitudinal model has been integrated with an algorithm of non-linear constrained optimization to maximize the energy recovery for various starting speed and stopping time, also considering the efficiency map and power limitations of the electric components. In the best conditions, the recovery can reach about 40% of the vehicle energy, selecting the best deceleration at each speed and proper modulation, and with a realistic estimate of the grip coefficient.


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